INTEGRATION

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CONTENT
Introduction
The Concept of Integration
Table of integrals
Methods of Integration
Substitution method
Integration by part
Applications of Integration
Finding surface areas
Finding volumes
Questions
INTRODUCTION
It is the fundamental knowledge and skills of
Theorem of Calculus
Reversed operation of the differentiation

THE CONCEPTS OF INTEGRATION
Normally, the symbol of the integral sign is
CONTINUES
The integral sign is written in term of dx, which must
always been written and which indicates the
variable involved.
The function being integrated is integrand and
integrals of this sorts are indefinite integrals.
Example as below:
TABLE OF INTEGRALS
METHODS OF INTEGRATION
There are two methods of integration, namely:
Substitution method
Integration by parts
SUBSTITUTION METHOD
It is used commonly in integration
As in this function, the inside function of the
composition is usually replaced by a single
variable (often u)
The derivative or a constant multiple of the
derivative of the inside function must be a
factor of the integrand.
CONTINUE
Example1: Evaluate

Solution:
Step 1: Chose a substitution function u
The substitution function is
Step 2: Determine the value dx

CONTINUES
Step 3: Make the substitution


Step 4: Integrate resulting integral


Step 5: Return to the initial variable: x



So, the solution is:
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
Consider this method when the integrand is
a single transcendental function or a
product of an algebraic function and a
transcendental function.
The basic formula for integration by parts is:
CONTINUES
Example 1: Evaluate x cosx dx.
CONTINUES
Example 2: Find ln x dx
To integrate this, we use a trick, rewrite the
integrand (the expression we are integrating) as
1.lnx . We then let v = ln x and du/dx = 1 .
Hence ln x dx = x ln x - x (1/x) dx
= x lnx - dx
= x lnx - x + constant

INTEGRATION APPLICATION
There are many application that using the
integration methods.
Among the applications are:
Finding surface areas
Finding volumes
FINDING VOLUMES
Integration can be used to find the volumes
The volume of a cylinder is given by:
V=r
2
h
Because radius=r=y and each disk is dx high, we notice
that the volume of each slice is:
V=y
2
dx
CONTINUE
For the example:
Find the volume of:


FINDING AREAS OF SURFACE
It is the method that used to find the area:

EXAMPLE:
The arc of the parabola y=x
2
from (1,1) to (2,4) is rotated
about the y-axis. Find the area of the resulting surface

Solution is next page >>>
CONTINUES

CONTINUES
QUESTIONS
Compute the following integrals
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ANSWER
QUESTIONS
Compute the following integrals
Click here for answer
(1)
(2)
(3)
ANSWER
(1)
(2)
(3)