This document provides an overview and summary of optimization for HUAWEI GSM/GPRS/EDGE systems. It discusses the workflow for optimization projects including finding problems, analyzing data, resolving issues, and checking results. Key aspects of optimization are improving system performance metrics related to access, congestion, drops, handover, traffic, quality and coverage. The document also reviews components of the GSM network and system.
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HUAWEI - statistics data analysis and optimization V 4.0.ppt
This document provides an overview and summary of optimization for HUAWEI GSM/GPRS/EDGE systems. It discusses the workflow for optimization projects including finding problems, analyzing data, resolving issues, and checking results. Key aspects of optimization are improving system performance metrics related to access, congestion, drops, handover, traffic, quality and coverage. The document also reviews components of the GSM network and system.
This document provides an overview and summary of optimization for HUAWEI GSM/GPRS/EDGE systems. It discusses the workflow for optimization projects including finding problems, analyzing data, resolving issues, and checking results. Key aspects of optimization are improving system performance metrics related to access, congestion, drops, handover, traffic, quality and coverage. The document also reviews components of the GSM network and system.
Compiled by Jin/Jiangxin E-mail: jinjiangxin@hxdi.com 2008/5/8 Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data course contents Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Work items in optimization Find the problems Statistics data DT and CQT Alarm check Custom complain Analysis the problems Statistics analysis DT and analysis Alarm analysis Call process analysis Frequency plan and reuse Solve the problems Trouble shooting Improve coverage Adjust TRX configuration Adjust antenna system Edit freq.plan table Neighbor relations Parameters Checking and compare results Before and after modify Different BSC/Cells Different network
Problems in network Hardware trouble problem Freq. interfering problem Coverage problem HO relations problem busy or idle problem Traffic balance Underlay and overlay problem KPI Wireless parameter problem Especial problems (access,roaming,crossed talk,A-interface .)
Steps for problem Find the problems Analysis the problems Resolve the problems Checking and compare results are throughout the optimization process. Emphasis of the optimization System performance Access Channel success Congestion Drop Handover Traffic Quality Coverage Frequency 1. Immediate assignment rate 2. CSSR 3. Wireless access rate 4. Sdcch success rate 5. Sdcch congestion rate 6. Sdcch drop call rate 7. Tch success rate 8. Tch congest rate 9. Tch drop call rate(including HO) 10. Tch drop call rate(excluding HO) 11. Ho success rate(from attempt) 12. Ho success rate(from command) 13. SD/TCH traffic 14. TCHF and TCHH traffic balance 15. Overlay and underlay traffic balance 16. Coverage rate (DT) 17. BER/MOS Optimization flowing(1) Collect system data Analysis data and make optimization plan Performance data of past week Engineer parameter table Freq. plan table Neighbor list relation (internal and external) Antenna information System topology Customer complain Make optimization plan, hardware problem list, DT plan, check cell health, consistency, frequency, LAC data, neighbor Start optimization Hardware solved and system test Hardware solved and system test Start optimization meeting Output coverage chat,congestion rate,drop calls,interfering area according to the DT data. And optimize frequency, adjust channels in the congestion cells and concentric lay, adj. parameters Check and optimize the neighbor relation, correct neighbor data (internal and external neighbors) Optimize parameters( general) Put in suggestions and good plan Optimization summarize and technology communion Optimization flowing(2) Coverage, frequency, channels, configuration, parameter Neighbor relations optimization Optimize parameters compare the performance and put in suggestions Optimization summarize Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data PSTN Network Billing Center GBTS TE MT MS GBSC Internet A Pb Um Gi GSM network review HLR/Auc/EIR SMS-GMSC/IWMSC MSC/VLR SS7 Network GSM Core Network GGSN CG SGSN DNS GPRS Backbone Gb Gb Gs Abis Um GPRS Core Network EDGE PCU OMC FAN BOX SWITCH BOX FAN BOX AIR BOX AIR BOX P S U P S U P S U P S U P S U P S U P M U T M U T E S T E U T M U T E U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U TDU Common equipment TRX CDU air/fan Review of BTS312 CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit TRX: Transceiver Module PMU: Power Monitoring Unit TMU: Timing/Transmission & Management PSU: Power Supply Unit TES: Transmission Extension power Supply TEU: Transmission Extension Unit TDU: Time Distribution Unit Function: Core of site Timing Transmission Management BSC External synchronous clock MMI man- machine interface External Alarming control BIU OMU EAC MCK Standby MCK Extended BIU DBUS Internal data bus CBUS Internal control bus TDU Internal clock bus TMU Combiner Distributor Distributor Coupler TX1 TX2 TX-COMB TX-DUP RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 HL-out RX2 RX3 RX4 RX1 HL-in RXD TX/RX-ANT RXD-out CDU In common use way: 2TRX+1CDU: TX-COMB and TX-DUP ,HL_in and RXD-out connected 2TRX+2CDU: TX-COMB and TX-DUP connected or not connected( less loss) 4TRX+2CDU: TX-COMB and TX-DUP connected 6TRX+1SCU+1/2CDU: TX-COMB and TX-DUP ,HL_in and HL_out connected 8TRX+2SCU+1/2CDU: TX-COMB and TX-DUP ,HL_in and HL_out connected Especially the TX_out can be connected with TX_DUP and it can decrease 3db of combination loss. Distributor Coupler TX1 RX1 RX2 TX/RX- ANT1 Distributor Coupler TX1 RX3 RX4 TX/RX- ANT2 EDU and SCU SCU: no coupler Four carriers are combined output through 2steps of 3dB bridges plug loss is 6.8dB.
EDU: No combined loss
Review of BTS3012 DPU: Digital Power Unit TRU: Transceiver Unit PMU: Power Monitoring Unit TMU: Timing/Transmission & Management
Principle for RF send and receive mode: Send: combining when TRU combined actually no combining when TRU not combined actually Receive: dividing receiver when TRU combined indepandent receiver when TRU no combined Access link check Dual polarization antenna TTA option Lightning arrester BTS rack Jumper connector(DIN) DIN connector Lightning arrester/feeder connector(DIN) Jumper/TTA Connector (DIN) jumper Jumper/TTA connector(DIN) Antenna Connector(DIN) FAN BOX SWITCH BOX FAN BOX AIR BOX AIR BOX P S U P S U P S U P S U P S U P S U P M U T M U T E S T E U T M U T E U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U T R X T R X T R X T R X S C U C D U TDU Inside jumper TRX jumper TX and RDX cables Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Um layer Communicate MNG(CM) Radio resource (RR) Mobility MNG(MM) CPU RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 ..SACCH ..TCH24 IDL Multi-frame Phy. link layer(L1) Data link layer(L2) Application layer(L3) CM MM RR LAPDm SigL1 L3 L2 L1 MS RR BTSM LAPDm SigL1 LAPD SigL1 LAPD SigL1 BTSM RR SCCP MTP BSSMAP CM MM BSSMAP SCCP MTP MSC BSC BTS Um A Abis GSM protocol stake Speech/channel coding Speech A/D 8KHz, 260bit Speech code Section 20ms 13kbit/s Channel code Interleaving Burst pulse Cipher 22.8kbit/s,456 bits,20ms Modulate 33.8kbit/s transmission Speech coding : Coding type: RPE-LTP sampling 8Khz,and 20ms/frame, in each frame there are 4 sub-frame then get a rate of 13kbit/s. 260bits/20ms=13kbit/s Channel coding: 456bit/20ms=22.8kbit/s From 260 bits to 456 bits in a speech frame Parity check 3bits Convolution Coder 50bit *2 132bit 78bit 456bit Tail 4bits Interleave 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ...452 453 454 455 456 Block 8 16 . . . 456 2 10 . . . 450 6 14 . . . 454 1 9 . . . 449 4 12 . . . 452 7 15 . . . 455 3 11 . . . 451 5 13 . . . 453 .... .... B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B7,C3} Rectangular interleave Diagonal interleave 456bit/8=57bit/frame Two type of interleave: rectangular type and diagonal type Frame structure and burst frame 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047 0 1 2 3 48 49 50 47 0 1 24 25 0 1 24 25 1 49 50 0 0 1 4 5 7 6 2 3 TB 3 TB 3 GP 8.25 TB: Tail bit TB 3 TB 3 GP 8.25 GP: Guard period TB 3 TB 3 GP 8.25 TB 3 TB 3 GP 68.25 58 information bits 26 TSC 58 info bits Constant bit 142 Info bit 39 Extended TS 64 Info. bit 39 sequence 41 Info bit 36 Normal burst (NB for traffic) Freq correct burst(FB for for freq synchronization) Sync burst (SB for time sync) Access burst (AB for access) 1 hyper frame(for hopping FN)=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) 1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 1SACCH multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (235.4ms) 1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (4.615/8=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 0.577/156.25=3.69us) BCCH CCCH SDCCH TCH SACCH/T FACCH 1SACCH super-frame=104TDMA frames (480ms) TS: training sequence 26-frame multi-frame 24TCH/F+FACCH/F+1SACCH/TF+1idle (full-rate TCH) 1SACCH super-frame=4SACCH multi-frame=4*26=104frames(480ms) Full (Rxlevel/Rxqual)=(26-1idle) *4=100frame measure average Sub (Rxlevel/Rxqual)= 12 frame measure average( under DTX allowed) (52-59 frame and 4 SACCH frame) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH) 51-frames multi-frame Main BCCH: 5FCCH+5SCH+20BCCH+20CCCH+1idle=51frame Combined BCCH: (5FCCH+5SCH+4BCCH+12CCCH+16SDCCH/4+8SACCH/C4 )*2=102frame Main SDCCH : (32SDCCH/8+16SACCH/C8 +3idle)*2=102 frame Combinations of frame and TA TB 3 Information 57 1 Training sequence 26 1 TB 3 Information 57 147+8.25=156.25bit(0.577ms) GB 3 1Bit period=0.577ms/156.25=3.68us TA=63bit/max*3.69us/bit=233us for normal cell Radius/max twice(ms to BTS to ms): 233us*300000km/s=70km Max cell radius is 70km/2 35km 1TA=1bit=554m TA=219bit/max in 2 timeslot extended cell,radius/max=120km
Channels Broadcast control channel (BCCH) Control channel Common control channel (CCCH) Voice channel (TCH) FCH SCH BCCH (system information) TCH/F AGCH RACH SDCCH FACCH SACCH TCH/H TCH/9.6F TCH/ 4.8F, H TCH/ 2.4F, H PCH Common channel (CCH) Dedicated channel (DCH) Logical channel FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH BCCH CCCH Common Channel SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H DCCH TCH Dedicated Channel PCH AGCH Downlink CCCH RACH CCCH Common Channel SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H DCCH TCH Dedicated Channel RACH Uplink CCCH Downlink and uplink channels CCCH configuration Ccch_conf: ccch blocks in a 51 CCCH-multi-frames When one no-combined case: bs_ag_blks_res: AGCH reserve blocks : 2 bs_pa_mfrms: paging blocks : 2 Paging sub-frame: (9-2)*(bs_pa_mfrms)=14 Ccch config Ccch blocks one combined 3 one no-combined 9 two no-combined 18 three no-combined 27 four no-combined 36 Pch blocks=Ccch blocks-(bs_ag_blks_res), if ccch_config=1 non_combined, bs_ag_blks_res=2, then PCH=9-2=7. each CCCH 51-multi-frames will be lasted 235.4ms Pch blocks/sec= Pch blocks/0.2354ms=29.7 blocks/sec 2 times in each Pch blocks for IMSI paging type 4 times in each Pch blocks for TMSI paging type So total paging times/max=Pch blocks/sec*(times in each Pch blocks)
Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronization sequence Read system information
SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH idle mode off state dedicated mode idle mode Functions of Channels Rxlevel calculation and transmit model RxLev=EIRP-Path Loss 2, PATH LOSS (predigest formula, need to corrected in project) Okumura/Hata transmission model for 900M macro network. Lp=69.55+26.16lg (f) -13.82lg (hb) +(44.9-6.55hb)lg (d) -A (hm) Lp: path loss (db) f : frequency (Mhz) hb : BTS antenna height (m) hm : MS antenna height (m) d: distance between MS with BTS Cost-231/Hata transmission model for 1800 macro network Lp=69.55+26.16lg(f) -13.82lg(hb) +(44.9-6.55hb)lg(d) -A(hm)-K Cost-231/Walfish ikegami model for 900/1800 micro network Keenan-motley model for 900/1800 indoor distribution system. Planning software for 900/1800 macro system Path Loss(dB)=k1+k2log(d)+k3Hms+k4log(Hms)+k5log(Heff)+k6log(Heff)log(d) +k7(Diffraction Loss)+Clutter Loss 1, EIRP: efficient power of BTS. EIRP=10log[P_Forward(mW)-P_Reflected(mW)]+Tx_Antenna_Gain+Rx_Antenna_Gain-Rx_Feeder_Loss P_Forward: power of forward direction(mW) P_Reflected: power of reflected direction(mW) Tx_Antenna_Gain: TX antenna gain of BTS (dbi) Rx_Antenna_Gain: RX antenna gain dbi) Rx_Feeder_Loss: loss of feeder cable Path Loss(dB)=k1+k2log(d)+k3Hms+k4log(Hms)+k5log(Heff)+k6log(Heff)log(d) +k7(Diffraction Loss)+Clutter Loss
Note: the values are only reference to, and need to corrected in planning project. K1: loss constant for freq. Density urban: K1=69.55+26.16lg(F) Urban : K 1 =69.55+26.16lg(F)-2[lg(F/28)]2-5.4) Country : K 1 =69.55+26.16lg(F)-4.78[lg(F)]2+18.33lg(F)-40.94) K2: loss constant for distance: K3,K4: corrected coefficient for mobile antenna height K5,K6: corrected coefficient for BTS antenna height K7: corrected constant for diffraction Kclutter: corrected coefficient for clutter.
D: distance between mobile and (km) Hms: height of mobile antenna (m) Heff: efficient height of BTS antenna (m)
The case parameters in urban and country cities. Planning software transmission model Down-tilt, height and coverage tg(B-A/2)=H/R B: down-tilt A: vertical beam width H: antenna height R1,2,3: coverage range
Frequency band and channels 890 915 935 960 Dulplex distance band : 45 MHz GSM 900: GSM 1800: uplink downlink 1710 1785 1805 1880 Dulplex distance band : 95 MHz uplink downlink Uplink: F1=890.2+(n-1)*0.2 (MHz) ARFCN: 0-124 Downlink: F2=uplink+45=f1+45 (MHz) Uplink: F1=1710+(n-512)*0.2 (MHz) ARFCN: 512-884 Downlink: F2=uplink+95=f1+95 (MHz) Layers and priorities in dual band network Background: Traffic increase rapidly Limited channels in 900 band Frequency re-use more difficult Quality decrease More free channels in 1800 band Offer loose frequency re-use in 1800 band Parameters set: 900 cells offer coverage service (Layer 3) 1800 cells offer traffic service (Layer 2) MS stay in Layer 2 more (high cell priority) Set much CRO in 1800 cells Set easy access parameters in 1800 cells Set easy handover to 1800 cells Set 1800 TRU as overlay in concentric HO Set 900 TRU as underlay in concentric HO
RLT (DL) and SACCH multi-frame (UL) Radio_link_timeout (DL,S(T100) ) S+2 when MS decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly, S<= RLT/max. S -1 when MS cant decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly. S=0,MS gives up the radio resource connection, a drop call occurs.
SACCH-multi-frames(UL) Value +2 when BTS decode a SACCH multi-frame,<= SACCH-multi-frames/max. Value 1 When BTS cant decode a SACCH multi-frame, Value=0.BTS stop transmitting downlink SACCH. and start T3109. When T100 timeout in handset ,a drop call occurs. When T3109 timeout in BTS,BTS release channel, BSC sends Clear request to MSC.
Reasons of RF loss Interfering Bad rx_lev Incorrect PWR control parameter. Hardware problem. TRX Pwr class difference in the same cell. HO drops. Neighbor cell relations problem. Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters RLT,SACCH-multi-frame not correct. Measure reports (MR) and SACCH frame MS measure the uplink and downlink during the dedication mode. MS/BTS measures and report the uplink/downlink information. The results are prepare for HO, pwr control
A SACCH super-frames is made of 4 SACCH multi-frames. Total 26 frames in one SACCH multi-frame. The MS deals with a full MR in a SACCH super-frames, the period is 480ms(4*120ms), MS retains the previous MR result of 480ms when it is in the next 480ms MS decode the neighbor cellss BSIC in idle frame MS retain MR result for 10s if MS find that a BCCH go out from best 6 neighbor cells to prevent stopping the MR when HO request is sent to this cell. Contents in MR Actual TA of MS Actual tx-pwr of MS The BA changes indicator DTX used indicator The rx_lev and rx_qual in uplink and downlink The rxlev,freq, BSIC of the 6 best neighbors Frequency reuse and hopping Common Reuse 4*3 pattern : 4 sites and 3 sector in one frequency group Lack of channel mode: BCCH 4*3, TCH 1*3 or 1*1 hopping MRP:(multi-reuse pattern) freq. number of Bcch1 Tch2Tch3 Tch4 ...... Tchn IUO: intelligence underlay and overlay Hopping: 4*3, 1*3, 1*1(1*3: MA >=2*TRX, ,1*1: MA >=2*TRX(total)) C/I=(useful signal)/(useless signal) =carrier/interference Standard: C/I=9db project: C/I=12db Standard: C/A=-9db, project: C/A=-6db C/I must be comply for the formula as below: D=Distance of frequency re-use R=Radius of cell N=No. of frequency re-use (E.g. 4*3=12,1*3=3) Hopping Frequency F0 Frame F1 F2 F3 F4 Time Hopping algorithm(HSN=0) MAI=(FN+MAIO)mod N, RFCHN=MA(MAI) FH mode: base-band and RF hopping MA: hopping frequency, 1*3,1*1 need MA>=2TRXs MAIO: No.of TRX-1 HSN: 0-63 TSC: BCC FN: 2048*51*26 used in hopping algorithm N: total of MA in one cell BCCH channel no hopping (benefit to decode BCCH) SDCCH and TCH channel can hopping Band hopping and RF hopping
Band hopping Using fixed frequency in each TRX Using different TRX in different time TCHs in BCCH TRX are hopping (option) MA=TRXs TRX problems Will effect performance RF hopping Using vary frequency in each TRX Using different TRX in different time TCHs in BCCH TRX are no hopping TRX problems will not effect performance More common than Band hopping
Frequency hopping (4*3, 1*3, 1*1) 4*3 hopping Same frequency as 4*3(MA) 1*3 hopping Each cell have a MA in same site Same MA and MAIO in same direct cells in different sites Be sure no neighbor-MAIO in same cell or in the same direct cells. Will get more interfering if the azimuth of sites is not regular
1*1 hopping Each cell have the same MA in all cells Different MAIO in each cell in one site Same MAIO in same direct cells in different sites No co-channel frequency carriers in one BTS. The frequency separation between BCCH and TCH in the same cell should be not less than 400K. When frequency hopping is not used, the separation of TCH in the same cell should be not less than 400K. In non-1*3 reuse mode, co-channel should be avoided between the immediately neighbor BTS. Neighbor BTS should not have co-channels facing each other directly. Normally, with 1*3 reuse, the number of the hopping frequencies should be not less than twice of the number of frequency hopping TRX in the same cell. Pay more attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that the same BCCH and BSIC in adjacent area. Frequency planning principles Principle of AMR AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) is the set of different speech code rate. BTS and MS select and adjust the appropriate rate according to RQI, so that to improve the MOS quality of network. system select and adjust to low AMR when RQI is bad (or interfering is high); System select and adjust to high AMR when RQI is good (or interfering is low) AMR-FR set (8):12.2k(GSM EFR)/10.2k/7.95k/7.40k(IS-641)/6.70k/5.90k/5.15k/4.75k AMR-HR set (5):7.40k(IS-641)/6.70k/5.90k/5.15k/4.75k Benefits to network: Offer better speech quality: the speech quality is better than EFR/HR when system use AMR-FR and AMR-HR whether the interfering is high or low. Improvement the re-use rate of frequency: the performance is better when system use the No. of frequency re-use=9(3*3) and 12(4*3) than N=12(4*3) and 18(6*3), It means that the system can offer higher No. of frequency re-use mode in the condition of the same speech quality. Improvement the edge coverage. For C/I, AMR-FR 4.75k need 3dB while EFR 8dB to keep the FER<1%. It means that the performance is improved from 3dB to 8 dB in the coder-encoder between AMR-FR and EFR. So the MOS is improved at the edge of coverage. Channel assignment of AMR Channel assignment principle of AMR adjust AMR supports according to the busyness type, speech version, circuit pool when BSC receive the assignment command message which sent from MSCBSC. Prefer to assign AMR channel if system support AMR. Prefer to assign common channel if system not support AMR Parameters for AMR: A interface tag: Phase II+ (BSC32)CIC pool:27 Support FR speech version 1~3 Support HR speech version 1~3 (BSC32)Query TC: support FR/HR speech version 3 Support AMR:AMR switch support active ACS(FR/HR):4 selected rate for AMR-FR, 3 selected rate for AMR-HR AMR start mode: the original AMR rate AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th1: adjust threshold between 0-1, stet: 0.5db AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th2: adjust threshold between 1-2, stet: 0.5db AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th3: adjust threshold between 2-3, stet: 0.5db AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.hyst1: adjust hysist between 0-1, stet: 0.5db AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst2: adjust t hysist between 1-2, stet: 0.5db AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst3: adjust hysist between 2-3, stet: 0.5db
The parameters need to comply for these items: 0 < th[i] < th[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2 0 < th[i] + hyst[i] < th[i+1] + hyst[i+1] < 63; i = 1, 2 Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data DT analysis and bad coverage/quality DT analysis items Coverage analysis (over CV, less CV, CV confusion, reflection, antenna connection wrong) BER analysis and suggestion Freq.interfering and C/I,C/A analysis HO analysis frequency HO, HO failure, HO drop) Call setup fail analysis Handover analysis Drop call analysis and suggestion Leak of micro cell and suggestion TA analysis PWR control analysis CQT DT KPIs Rxlev(Full&Sub) Coverage rate Rxqual(Full&Sub) Call setup success rate Drop call rate Handover Success rate TA Power control level Reasons of bad coverage VSWR alarm and loss much in downlink Down-tilt or azimuth is not in reason Static power class is too low Bar of the building and the surrounding Hardware problem or jump cable problem Far distance between sites Wrong neighbor cell relation Over shooting Coverage confusion Wrong Antenna connections Alone island effect Incorrect parameters Reasons of bad quality C/I,C/A interfering (freq.planning) Bad rx_level coverage VSWR and reflective freq.interfering (overlap) Hardware problem Parameters of HO TMU and reference clock RF drop call process Middle frequency interfering Crossed cables and Yuanyang Crossed cables Wrong crossed cables Planning azimuth 0/160/260 DT azimuth 160/0/260 Crossed cables between Cell 16101/16102 Yuanyang crossed cables same Rxlevel in anywhere along azimuth directions Rxlevel in one direction are better than the other 2 TX/RX are connect to Cell 1091(good signal) 2 RDX are connect to Cell 1093(bad signal)
Wrong azimuth or Confused coverage Wrong azimuth Planning azimuth 85/170/240 DT azimuth 330/220/60 Neighbor relationship and frequency
Confused coverage Need to check azimuth in cell 3201/3203 Need to confirm in every cables Pending? Reflection? Neighbor relationship?
Wrong location and interfering Wrong Long/Lati Planning coverage Neighbor relationships Frequency interfering
Channel interfering Planning coverage and azimuth Bad Frequency plan Wrong coverage against planning
Overshooting and low coverage Overshooting and interfering 12km overshooting Adjacent frequency interfering Neighbor relationships Drop call
Spliter and Combiner problems Spliter problem There is a Spliter in cell id =GSP3671 Azimuth=40/160 no signal of GSP-1 in direction of 40 degree No installed Spliter yet Combiner problem Crossed cables between 3011 and 3012 Almost no signal in 3011 Rxlevel loss have 30db via the combiner between GSM and CDMA Jump cables or TRX problem in cabinet Jump cables problem in cabinet TCH allocation always failure in some TRX Very less times in TCH seizure successful times Incoming handover failure One TRX OOS in cabinet One of TRX in a cell have low signal suddenly The other TRXs have no problem VSWR alarm or OOS OOS and no main service cell Out of service (OOS) VSWR-2 alarm? LapD or transmission broken? No power supply? Locked? No main service cell Simulate rxlevel No cell can offer main service offer a main service cell Install a new main service cell or site Wrong CGI in MSC Wrong CGI in MSC MS cant make any calls All calls are blocked TCH seizure times for call are 0 times Support incoming and outgoing handover Drop call analysis Process of RF drop calls RLT+2 and until to the max_RLT if MS decode SACCH frame correctly , RLT-1,if MS cant decode SACCH frame , RLT is decreased to 0 when MS continue un-decoded SACCH frame, RF drop call occurs. uplink is as the same as downlink,the counter SACCH multi-frame. Main reason of drop calls interfering Bad rx_lev hardware problem. RLT, Sacch-multi-frame not correct. TRX Pwr class difference in the same cell. HO drops. Nei cell relations problem. Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters Handover drop call Incorrect PWR control parameter. Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data BSC level task BSC measurement performance Cell level task Immediate assignment SDCCH TCH Congestion Drop Handover Concentric Channel capacity and availability TRX level task Path balanced Received Level Received Quality Channel allocation Interfering on idle Timing Advanced RQI Other task A-interface performance MTP statistics GPRS/EGPRS resource Frequency scan GSM cell to cell outgoing/incoming handover Especial abnormal cell tasks (according users need) Traffic statistics task introduction Channels CA300J:Channel Requests (Circuit Service) CA303J:Call Setup Indications (Circuit Service) CA304:Call Setup Indications Timed Out RA303G:Success Rate of Call Setup (Immediate Assignment) K3006:Configured SDCCH K3004:Traffic Volume on SDCCH K3000:SDCCH Seizure Requests K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH K3015:Available TCHs K3016:Configured TCHs CR3027:Mean Number of Available Channels (TCHF) CR3028:Mean Number of Available Channels (TCHH) K3014:Traffic Volume on TCH (Traffic Channel) K3024:Traffic Volume on TCH (Signaling Channel) Traffic Volume on TCHH K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) K3011A:Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH (Traffic Channel Total TCH Call Drops K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel) K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel) K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) CM330:Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (Traffic Channel) CM3300:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Error Indication) CM3301:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Connection Failure) CM3302:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Release Indication) CM331:Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State (Traffic Channel) Cell level statistics items introduction(1) Handovers CH310:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests CH311:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover H312A:Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) CH312C:Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) CH330:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests CH331:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers H332Kc:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Handover Request Rejected) (No Radio Resource Available) H332Kf:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (Handover Request Rejected) (Invalid Cell) CH332C:Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) CH342C:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests CH301:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers CH302A:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) CH302C:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expiry) CH320:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests CH321:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses CH323:Successful Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers H3229A:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH) H322D:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Reconnection to Old Channels) CH340:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests CH341:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses CH343:Successful Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers H3429A:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH) H3429Ca:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel) Cell level statistics items introduction(2) Concentric H3001:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Overlay to Underlay) CH3031:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Overlay to Underlay) R3225K:Failed Handovers from Overlaid Subcell to Underlaid Subcell due to Busy Channels in Underlaid Subcell H3002:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Underlay to Overlay) CH3032:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Underlay to Overlay) R3224K:Failed Handovers from Underlaid Subcell to Overlaid Subcell due to Busy Channels in Overlaid Subcell R3200:Channel Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Only) R3202:Channel Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Preferred) R3202B:TCH Assignment Requests (Underlaid Subcell Preferred) R3201:Channel Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Only) R3203:Channel Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Preferred) R3203B:TCH Assignment Requests (Overlaid Subcell Preferred) CR3557:Traffic Volume of TCHs (Underlaid Subcell) CR3558:Traffic Volume of TCHs (Overlaid Subcell) Statistics in Trx level In common use Mean Number of SDCCHs in Interference Band 1-5 Mean Number of TCHFs in Interference Band 1-5 Mean Number of TCHHs in Interference Band 1-5 Uplink/Downlink Interference Indication Messages (SDCCH) Uplink/Downlink Interference Indication Messages (TCH) Number of MRs (Uplink-and-Downlink Balance Level = 1-11) Number of MRs (TA = 0-63) CR440A:Attempted Immediate Assignments CR440B:Successful Immediate Assignments R4419A:Attempted Assignments (TCH) R4419B:Completed Assignments (TCH) CR443A:Attempted Handovers CR443B:Completed Handovers S4350D:Radio Link Failures (SDCCH) S4357D:Radio Link Failures (TCHF) S4358D:Radio Link Failures (TCHH) Received quality quality 0=bit error rate 0.00-0.20% (average 0.14%) quality 1=bit error rate 0.20-0.40% (average 0.28%) quality 2=bit error rate 0.40-0.80% (average 0.57%) quality 3=bit error rate 0.80-1.60% (average 1.13%) quality 4=bit error rate 1.60-3.20% (average 2.26%) quality 5=bit error rate 3.20-6.40% (average 4.53%) quality 6=bit error rate 6.40-12.80% (average 9.05%) quality 7=bit error rate >12.80% (average 18.10%) Received rxlevel Number of MRs on uplink/downlink TCHF (receive level Rank 0-7 receive quality rank 0-7 Number of MRs on uplink/downlink TCHH (receive level Rank 0-7 receive quality rank 0-7
Formulas in common use-1 TCH drop call rate (excluding HO) (%)= K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+ K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)+ K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) TCH congestion rate (include ho)(%)= K3011A:Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH (Traffic Channel)+ CH302A:Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available)+ H3229A:Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH)+ H3429A:Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No Channel Available) (TCH) K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel)+ CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests+ CH320:Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests+ CH340:Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests CA303J:Call Setup Indications (Circuit Service) CA300J:Channel Requests (Circuit Service) Imm-assignment success rate(%)= K3022:Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)+ K3012A:Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)+ K3012B:Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) K3023:Successful TCH Seizures (Signaling Channel) K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) K3013B:Successful TCH Seizures in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) TCH drop call rate (all)(%)= SDCCH congestion rate (%)= K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH K3000:SDCCH Seizure Requests SDCCH drop rate (%)= CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures TCH success rate(%)= K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) Wireless Access success rate(%)= (100%-TCH congesting Rate)X(100%-SDCCH congesting Rate) Handover outgoing success rate(%)= CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+ CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers+ CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers CH310:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests+ CH330:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests+ CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests Radio outgoing HO success rate(%)= CH313:Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover+ CH333:Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers+ CH303:Successful Internal Intra-Cell Handovers CH311:Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands+ CH331:Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands+ CH300:Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests CSSR(%)= RA303G:Success Rate of Call Setup (Immediate Assignment) * (100%-CM30:Call Drops on SDCCH/K3003:Successful SDCCH Seizures)* (K3013A:Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) K3010A:TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) Formulas in common use-2 Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Top 20 worst cells from statistics data Compositor according to the cell level KPIs Select the top bad 20(or 10)cells in the main items according to times or rate Analysis the relative bad KPI items Solved the bad cells that affect the BSS level performance result Worst cells TOP 20 worst cells and DT method BSC level Cell level TRX level
We can resolve the problems from easy to difficult step by step. DT method Analysis the coverage rationality Bad coverage area and betterment Analysis the abnormal layer 3 message Interfering analysis Call setup failure analysis HO parameters PWR control parameters Signal analysis method: Signaling analysis method requires engineer master every step and statistic counter. Trace the calls and analysis the signaling information Analysis problems in the call-process step Compare the counters in the call process step and find out the max lost count point. Analysis the every detail call-process step Find out the problem result Signalling analysis and compare method Parameter compare method: Compare the same parameters in different BSC Compare the different results in different parameter value Get the best parameter results Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Boundary model of cells and BA table HO outgoing boundary,HO_out Select boundary, Reselect HO Incoming boundary,HO_in BCCH neighbor list Transmit insystem information message type 2 in BCCH In use of select and reselect cells 64 cells max SACCH neighbor list Transmit insystem information message type 5 in SACCH In use of handover 32 cells max
The two tables can be different,but they are almost the same in common use. Process of mobile turn on (selection) MS have not save the present BCCH info. (initial turn on) Scan all the channel and assess the rx_lev in each ARFCN MS tune to the max rx-levand judge if it is the BCCH If it is the BCCH ,then MS try to decode the BCCH info. MS select the cell as flowing Decode info.correctly,and the cell is among the PLMN The cell is not BARED; C1>0
MS saved the present BCCH info. (When turn off) MS scan the saved BCCH when turn on the next time MS select the cell as flowing The cell is not bared C1>0 Else MS check if there is correct cells in the neighbor list. If there is one,then select the cell as service cell If there are more,then select the C1/max cell If there is no,then scan as the case of no BCCH info.
Cell reselection(C1&C2) C1= (A - Max. (B, 0)) predigest=(Rxlev Average-rxlev_access_min ) thereinto: A=Rxlev Average - rxlev_access_min B= ms_txpwr_max_cch - ms Max allowed power ms Max allowed power(ms pwr class) ms_txpwr_max_cch(ms pwr class when access) Reselect principle: (1)C1>0;(2)select C1/max cell
Ms occurs reselect cell in case of any one as below: Downlink failure (DSC=90/bs_pa_mfrms timeout) The cell is bared in BCCH The C1 of the service cell is < 0 last 5s Ms hasnt reselect the cells in the past 15s: To the same LAC, C1 of neis >present cells 5s To the different LAC,C1 of neis >present cells value (C1+cell_reselect_hysteresis) Ms not reselection if has reselected in 15s PT-T<0, H(pt-t)=0 PT-T>=0, H(pt-t)=1 T: time from set 6 best candidate cell to out of 6 cells C2=C1+CRO-TO*H(pt-t)+CRH (for PT< 31) C2=C1-CRO+CRH (for PT= 31) MS assess C2 of nei cell and service cell at least 5s If C2of best nei cell>C2of service cell for 5s,then Ms select cell If nei cell and service cell are in different LAC,should add CRH Other parameters about reselect(1) CBA: No: normal, Yes: barred PI: No: C2 not used Yes: C2 used PHASE2 MS reselection according to C2 PHASE1 MS reselection according to C1 CBQ: No: normalYes: low
CRO: =2*n dB TO: =10*n dB PT: =20*(n+1)s CRH=2*n dB Cases: PI=0,C2 has no affect (suppose to the same layer) micro A: C1=35, macro B: C1=45, so micro A: C1<macro B: C1, thus MS prefer to reselect B PI=1,C2 have some affect (suppose to the same layer) micro CRO=20macro CRO=0 so micro A: C2=55,> macro B: C2=45, thus MS prefer to reselect A Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data SDCCH and Location update Ms will occur location update as follows: Choose a new LAC cell as the service T3212 timeout ATT(IMSI attach and detach) Roaming location update (inter mobile operators) Choose reasonable parameter with SD congestion cell Partition LAC in reason Choose correct parameter about T3212 Add SDCCH channels Active SDCCH dynamic configuration Choose correct C1,CRO,CRH SDCCH process died (reset BCCH TRX) MS BTS BSC MSC Channel_req Channel_Required(2) Channel_Active(3) Channel_Active_Ack(4) IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND (5) Establish_IND(Location Updating Req) (6) CR(Complete_L3) Location Updating Accepted (10) TMSI Reallocation Complete (11) CC (NOTE 3) Clear_CMD Clear_CMP First SABM SDCCH traffic includes: Call setup (MOC,MTC) Location update SMS ATT CDB (cell database broadcast) SDCCH dynamic configuration parameters SDCCH dynamic allocation allowed switch-yes/no Idle SD thrth. TCH change to SD(for TCH>4 or TRXs) Cell SD maximum =SD configured +8 Tch minimum recovery times minimum time from TCH to SDCCH and back to TCH Idle TCH thrth N1 When TCH change to SD,it is set a count as ResTIME. And during the period of SD return to TCH, if idle SD>N1+8, then count-3->0,SD return to TCH If idle SD<N1+8,then count+12<=restime If idle SD=N1+8,the not adjust. Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Reasons of congestion Reasons of TCH congestion Traffic not balanced between service and neighbors Traffic not balanced between underlay and overlay in concentric Hardware problem and some TRX OOS. Traffic is more than the capacity. Incorrect coverage area Incorrect C1,C2 parameters Incorrect HO parameters Transmission problem SDCCH congestion but TCH traffic low Ways to resolve TCH congestion Resolve the hardware and transmission problem Traffic balanced to neighbors or lay with low traffic usage Adjust azimuth and downtilt so that adjust the coverage and traffic Adjust handover hysteresis,C1,C2,control the traffic direction Adjust min DL level on candidate cell in busy cell Active Half-Rate function Lower TCH traffic busy threshold% Active direct retry Layer and priority -PBGT handover Allow load handover function Add more TCH channels or more TRX Balance the traffic between underlay and overlay Normal Cell boundary model HOoutgoing boundary,HO_out Select boundary, Reselect HOIncoming boundary,HO_in Control traffic by cell boundary rxlev_access_minC1/C2cell radiusSD/TCH traffic rxlev_access_min SD/TCH trafficcongestion Min_DL_level_on candidate celldifficult to incoming HOtrafficcongestion Adjust HO_hysteresisadjust handover boundaryadjust traffic between service cells and neighbors Adjust PGBT HO thrsh. as HO parameter relief congestion Adjust PI, CRO ,PT, TO, CRH,TX_power Adjust TRXs/channels/cells/sites Active Half-rate function OtoU(UtoO) HO Received Level ThresholdMS stay more time in overlay traffic in underlay congestion in underlay Abnormal boundary (-PBGT and pingpong HO) 2-HO to nei cells 1-setup
Rselect
HO_out. Reselect>RHO_out reselect C1= (A - Max. (B, 0)) predigest=(Rxlev Average-rxlev_access_min ) Thereinto : A=Rxlev Average - rxlev_access_min B= ms_txpwr_max_cch - ms Max allowed power(ms pwr class) 1, C1(cell A)-C1(cell B)=RXLEV_BCCH-RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN>0 2, PBGT(N)=-RXLEV_BCCH >HO_MARGIN , so C1(cell B)-C1(cell A)HO_MARGIN+RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN <0 MS will setup calls in the cell A,and handover to cell B immediately. Note: Need to select inter-cell ho thrsh. =0 and PBGT ho thrsh<64. Inter-cell HO thrsh. In cell B to cell A Need more than the value from cell A to cell B Or this parameter will lead to pingpong HO when using PBGP HO process.
HO to B RHO_in>RHO_out lead to pingpong HO
RHO_OUT HO to A Rselect HO_out HO_in Eg.1: reselect>HO_out HO_MARGIN AB= -5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm) HO_MARGIN BA=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm) To cell A: RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN(5-5)-5-5<0 The ms setup calls in cell A ,and immediately handover to cell B Eg.2: reselect<HO_out HO_MARGIN AB=-5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=15(-95dbm) HO_MARGIN BA=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm) To cell A: RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN(15-5)-55>0 The ms setup calls in cell A ,but not HO to cell B immediately Direct retry and load HO Cell B Cell A DR to the nei cells
RHO_out
Rselect Sharing the traffic by DR (suggest not allowed) MS2 MS1 RHO_out MS1 ho to B
RHO_out
load ho thrsh Load HO
MS1 MS1 Load ho band Load HO parameters: Load ho allowed (original cell and direct cell) System flux thrsh. For load ho Load ho thrsh. Load req. on candidate cell Load ho bandwidth Load ho step period Load ho step level Conditions of Direct Retry function MS setup in cell A, No more free TCH channels in cell A Active DR in cell A and B There is free TCH channels in cell B TCH drops Reasons of drop calls Interfering Bad rx_lev Bad rx_qual Coverage confused Hardware problem and VSWR HO drops Neighbor cell relations and data problem. Antenna physical parameter wrong Crossed feeder cables Wrong jump connect cables wrong in cabinet RLT, Sacch-multi-frame not correct. Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters TRX PWR class difference in the same cell. Incorrect PWR control parameter. Wrong configuration data Transmission not in stable TMU version process problem Radio link not balanced Drop statistics items for BSC32 (9 items) Unsuccessful TCH seizure (connection failure) Unsuccessful TCH seizure (error indicator) Unsuccessful TCH seizure (internal clear) Unsuccessful TCH seizure (release indicator) Unsuccessful TCH seizure (EMLPP) Unsuccessful cell internal handover with unsuccessful reversion Unsuccessful BSC internal handover with unsuccessful reversion Unsuccessful outgoing BSC handover with unsuccessful reversion Unsuccessful incoming BSC handover (timeout) Drop items for BSC6000 (3 summary items) K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel) K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel) K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)= [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (Signaling Channel)] + [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State (Signaling Channel)] + [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (Signaling Channel)] + [Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (Signaling Channel)] + [Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (Signaling Channel)] + [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (Signaling Channel)] K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)= [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (TCH)] + [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (TCH)] + [Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (TCH)] + [Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (TCH)] + [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (TCH)] K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)= [Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)] + [Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel)]
MS Other BSC HANDOVER ACCESS UA HANDOVER REQUIRED TCH-ATT-C12 HUAWEI BSC HUAWEI BTS HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER REQUEST ACK HANDOVER DETECT CH ACT CH ACT ACK HANDOVER COMPLETE TCH-ATT-BSC4 SD-ATT-BSC3 MSC TCH-ATT-C15 QUEUEING INDICATION TCH-ATT-C4 TCH-SUCC-C4 TCH-SUCC-C12 SD-SUCC-C3 SD-ATT-C3 SABM HANDOVER REQUEST Incoming interbsc inter cell HO SD-ATT-C3: attempted SDCCH seizures(all) TCH -ATT-C4: attempted TCH seizures(all) TCH -ATT-C12: attempted TCH seizures for inter bsc incoming handovers TCH -SUCC-C4: successful TCH seizures(all) TCH -SUCC-C12: successful TCH seizures for inter bsc incoming handover SD -SUCC-C3: successful SDCCH seizures for handover successful SDCCH seizures for(all) Incoming interBSS inter cell HO MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR HANDOVER COMPLETE .HANDOVER DETECTION A1, B1, C1 CHANNEL ACT CHAN ACT ACK HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER REQ ACK HANDOVER REQUESTT incoming inter bss HO Success A1: successful incoming inter bsc inter cell handover B1: successful dual-band intercell handovers C1: successful incoming intercell handovers
MS BTS New BSC MSC/VLR HANDOVER COMPLETE .HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMPLETE Old Channel CONN FAIL IND HANDOVER DETECTION A1 New Channel HANDOVER REQUEST Old BSC HANDOVER REQUIRED CHAN ACT CHAN ACT ACK CHAN ACT NACK New Channel A2 CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMMAND A3 A4 A5 A3 HANDOVER REQ ACK HANDOVER COMMAND inter bss incoming handover failure A1-A5 : inter bsc incoming cell handovers
MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER COMMAND A1 (Intracell handover) HANDOVER PERFORMED Intracell ho success A1: successful intracell handovers
MS BTS BSC MSC/VLR HANDOVER COMPLETE .HANDOVER COMMAND A2 (Intracell handover) HANDOVER PERFORMED CONN FAIL IND Old Channel CONN FAIL IND HANDOVER FAILURE A3 A1 Old Channel New Channel A5 CLEAR COMMAND CLEAR COMMAND A4 ERROR IND A6 ERROR IND A7 Intracell ho failure A1-A7: unsuccessful intracell handovers
Intracell HO Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data MR pre-processing Each MR has a serial number. the network will fill up MR according to interpolation algorithm. When the serial numbers are discontinuous (some MRs missing). The simple interpolation algorithm is linearity interpolation according the previous and the later MRs when missing MRs occur. Calculate average results of several consecutive MRs to obtain current information, reduce the influence of some abnormal MR for judgment of PWC or HO. The relation parameters: allowed MR numbers lost, filter length MR pre-processing and voting MR MR
MR
MR
MR MR Consecutive MR flow Filter length MR MR MR MR N Consecutive MR flow Interpolation m missing MR N+1 N+m+1 N+m+2 MR MR voting (N/P) for GSM0508 protocol N(N1-N8): MR numbers used to voting process in PC and HO P(P1-P8): MR numbers exceeded voting threshold in PC and HO, The process will be performed when the numbers of P over the threshold in N. Parameters relation to PWR control: P1-4/N1-4 Parameters relation to HO: P5-8/N5-8 P/N5-8 >P/N1-4 When the rxqual or rxlev is not good ,the system try to adjust PWC before HO Process of power control commands It takes 3 measurement report periods(3*480ms) from command sending to execution. SA0 SA1 SA0 SA0 SA1 SA1 SA2 SA2 SA2 SA3 SA3 SA3 BTS sends the command for power control and TA in SACCH header. MS obtains SACCH block MS begins to send the measurement report of the last multi-frame. In the 26 multi- frames, frame 12 sends SACCH. BTS receives the measurement report SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms) MS adopts the new power level and TA MS begins to set up a new SACCH header to report the new TA and power control message. Power Control Overview Huawei PC algorithm: HW I and HW II power control Measurement report pre-processing
Power control algorithm selection Yes HW I power control algorithm HW II power control algorithm GSM0508 power control Algorithm (ordinary) PWC algorithm overview Parameters of ordinary PWR control window MS: uplink UL PC allowed Rx-lev thrsh.for UL increase=20(-90) N1/P1 Rx_lev thrsh.for UL decrease=40(-70) N2/P2 Rx_qual thrsh.for UL increase=5 N3/P3 Rx_qual thrsh.for UL decrease=1 N4/P4
BTS: downlink DL PC allowed Rx-lev thrsh.for DL increase=20(-90) Rx_lev thrsh.for DL decrease=40(-70) Rx_qual thrsh.for DL increase=5 Rx_qual thrsh.for DL decrease=1 PC period
MS(uplink) are independence correspondingly and the PWC is rapid Goal: adjust MS tx pwr to let BTS receive stable signal, reduce the uplink interference, reduce power of MS. BTS(downlink) is relations all the MS in this cell and the PWC is slow. Goal: adjust BTS tx pwr to let MS receive stable signal, reduce the downlink interference, reduce power of BTS So it mainly means UL PWC in the Power Control process on this hand. -110 -110 MS(UL): Rx_lev thrsh.for UL decrease=40(-70)
Rx-lev thrsh.for UL increase=20(-90) BTS(DL): Rx_lev thrsh.for DL decrease=40(-70)
Rx_lev thrsh.for DL increase=20(-80) -80 -100
-70 -90 -80 -100
-70 -90 Rx_qual thrsh.for UL decrease=1 Rx_qual thrsh.for DL decrease=1 Rx_qual thrsh.for UL increase=5 Rx_qual thrsh.for DL increase=5 0 BER 2 4 6 7 0.14%(0-0.2%) 0.57%(0.4-0.8%) 2.26%(1.6-3.2%) 9.05%(6.4-12.8%) 18.10%(>12.8%) grade 1 0.28%(0.2-0.4%) 3 1.13%(0.8-1.6%) 5 4.53%(3.2-6.4%) Ordinary PWC window The adjust value =(DL/ul rx_lev expected current dl/ul rx_lev) * DL /ul rx_lev compensation +[current dl/ul rx_qual DL/ul rx_qual expected]*10* DL/ul rx_qual compensation The adjust value <MAX PWC step Stable level = current level + the adjustment value Huawei I PWC algorithm (average PWC) MS: uplink Initial RX_LEV Expected Stable RX_LEV Expected>UL edge ho UL RX_LEV Compensation UL Qual. Expected UL Qual. Compensation MAX PWC Step
PWC Interval MS PWC Period Filter Length for Initial RX_LEV Filter Length for Stable RX_LEV Filter Length for Qual. Power Increment after HO Fail.
BTS PWC Period Filter Length for DL RX_LEV Filter Length for DL Qual.
Huawei II PWC algorithm (self-adapt PWC) Lack of huawei I PWC algorithm: Average PWC algorithm has a delay when system analysis the MRs ,so system cant adjust rapidly. System only analysis the past MR results and cant expected the PC direct well. Exit the oscillate cases when the PWC process is near to the expected value.
Huawei II PWC algorithm: Adjust the LEV PWC direct in vary LEV value by comparing expected and current value. Adjust the QUAL PWC direct in fixed QUAL value by comparing expected and current value Assess the final PWC direct and PWC value by calculating LEV PWC and QUAL PWC synthetically. When the PWC direction is the same ,the PWC value take the more value When the PWC direction is opposition , the PWC is preferred to the value of PWC by LEV.
PC by lev PC by qual PC by lev and qual AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action No action No action
Huawei II PWC algorithm (PWC direct and value) Adj. step_lev in UL: UL rx_lev<UL rx_lev lower thrsh. ,MS increase pwr adj. step_lev=(UL rx_lev lower thrsh. +UL rx_lev upper thrsh.)/2-ul rx_lev UL rx_lev >UL rx_lev upper thrsh., MS decrease pwr. adj. step_lev=ul rx_lev - (UL rx_lev lower thrsh. +UL rx_lev upper thrsh.)/2 UL rx_lev lower thrsh < UL rx_lev <UL rx_lev upper thrsh, no adjust pwr.
The adj. step_lev in DL ,adj.step_qual in UL/DL are the same as the adj. step_lev in UL.
PC by lev PC by qual PC by lev and qual AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action No action No action
Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Summary and classification of HO Summary of HO HO can decrease drop calls and relief congestion when MS is moving Ms report best 6 neighbor cells in MR and BSS votes whether HO occurs and direct nei cell System sends handover command message ,and start HO process. inside shows AFRCN,TS,BCCH,BSIC,PC level,TSC,HO cause, sync/Async about the direct cell. MS send handover complete in the direct cell if MS handovers to direct cell successfully. When MS HO to direct cell unsuccessfully, if ms reverse to the source cell successfully,ms sent HO failure message to system else if reverse unsuccessfully when the timer is timeout, HO call drop occurs in this case. The message assignment command/complete is used in intra-cell HOs. Classification of HO Emergency HO Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO Bad quality (BQ) Emergency HO Rx_Level_Drop Emergency HO Interference Emergency HO Load HO Normal HO Edge HO Layer HO Power Budget (PBGT) HO Speed-sensitive HO (Fast moving MS HO) Concentric Cell HO Priority level of HO M.R. preprocessing Penalty processing Basic ranking Secondary ranking HO voting emergency HO TA bad quality(BQ) rapid lev decrease interfering Load Sharing HO normal HO Edge layer PBGT Processing program OMC forced HO Directed retry Overlaid/ underlaid HO Fast moving MS HO HO penalty process (second step of HO algorithm process ) Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails. avoid to the ms select this cell again in the next HO voting process. Penalty on the original serving cell when an emergency HO ( base on BQ and TA ) is performed. avoid MS to be handed back to the BQ&TA cell again within penalty time. Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a fast moving HO is performed. avoid MS to be handed back to the high priority layer again within certain time(layer priority grade is 4). A new HO attempt is prohibited within the penalty time after an overlaid/underlaid HO fails. HO penalty and ranking rules Ranking rules M rule for ranking neighbor cells it can be put into the candidate cell list only if the cells comply for following conditions. To service cell: Rx_lev(s) rxlev access min(s)-MAX(0,Pa(s)) > 0 Pa(0) =ms_txpwr_max_ccch(s) ms_max_allowed_pwr(s) To nei cell: Rx_lev(n) rxlev access min(n)-max(0,Pa(n)) min_access_level_offset(n)>0 K rule for ranking neighbor cells Sort the result cells in descending order by rxlev according to M rule cells. 16bits rule for ranking cells: Both the serving cell and the neighbor cells have their own 16bits value. The smaller the value is, the higher the priority and position the cell is in the cell list. Basic/Secondary Ranking(16 bit rule) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 The 6 strongest cell and service cell rx_lev bit 000-110 and the strongest cell value is 000 Intercell ho hysteresis bit Service cell=0 Rx_lev(n)>rx_lev(s)+ho hys. Set 0 else Set 1 Compare intercell_ho_hysteresis and PBGT thrsh. The higher value is effective in the HO type Layer and cell priority bit 4 layers and 16 cell priority/layer=64 Pico is highest and umbrella is lowest. If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh. and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0 Load sharing bit Load(s)>load ho thrsh. Is set 1 else 0 Means if it is load busy ,it is put a low part in the nei list Co_BSC/MSC bit Service cell =0 If nei cells and S_cell are in co_BSC/MSC, value is set 0 else 1 If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh. and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0 If co_BSC/MSC is not allowed the value is set 0. Cell type bit Internal =0 external-=1 Inter layer ho thrsh. Bit Rx_lev(s)>=inter layer ho thrsh.-inter layer ho hysteresis is set o, and 13,12,10-5 are set 0 ,Else set 1 Rx_lev(n)>= inter layer ho thrsh.+inter layer ho hysteresis is set o, and 13,12,10-5 are set 0 ,Else set 1
Reserve bit Emergency HO and load HO voting Emergency HO voting TA HO criterion : TA of the serving cell > TA Thrsh. BQ HO criterion : Uplink quality > UL Qual. Thrsh Downlink quality > DL Qual. Thrsh. Rx_Level_Drop HO: C1(nt)=A1C(nt)A2C(nt-t)A8C(nt-7t) C (nt) is the uplink RX_Level of the serving cell in the MR received at the time of "nt". Filter A1A8=value-10(A1++A8=80) Filter B=compare value If C1(nt)B and C(nt)is below edge ho edge_rx_lev thrsh, it is considered as RLD. Interference HO (DL&UL) : rx_lev>rxlev thrsh.for interf. HO rx_qualrxqual thrsh for interf. HO. Load HO voting Cell Load HO Criterions : System load of BSC < system flux thrsh. for load HO load > load HO thrsh. Load of target cell < load HO threshold Normal HO, fast moving HO and concentric HO voting Normal HO voting Edge HO Criterion: Rx_lev <edge HO rx_lev thrsh. In N/P Inter layer HO criterions: Rx_lev(n) > inter layer ho thrsh. + inter layer ho hysteresis. And target cell priority should be higher than the serving cells. PBGT HO Criterions : PBGT(n)>PBGT ho thrsh. In N/P PBGT(n)=Scell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)rxlev dl-PWR_C_D] Ncell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)rxlev dl(n)] Fast moving HO voting When the serving cell is micro cell : MS moves the ms fast-moving valid cells (Q) in ms fast-moving watch cells (P>=Q) within MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh. MS moving time=2Radius/Velocity <MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh.
Concentric HO voting Criterion from overlaid(small) to underlaid(large): TA value >=TA threshold + TA hysteresis Or Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold -Rx_lev hysteresis Criterion from underlaid to overlaid: TA value <= TA threshold - TA hysteresis And Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold + Rx_lev hysteresis Chapter 1 GSM system 1. Work items in an optimization project 2. Review of the GSM system 3. Based technology in GSM system 4. Drive test and analysis 5. Parameters in common use 6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use 7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure 8. Selection and reselection 9. SDCCH congestion 10. TCH congestion and drops 11. Call progress introduction in common use 12. Power control algorithm 13. Handover algorithm 14. Cases according to statistics data Congestion, interfering and TRX Problems: Interfering in PTCSCU-2(interfering level:-60~-80dBm), can not absorb any traffic PTCIJA-1-2-3 are decrease from 2/2/2 to 1/1/1 because of limit of transmission, and blocked some timeslot PTCSCR-1-2-3 are congestion
Resolve ways: Replace cell from 900 cell to 1800 cell in PTCSCU-2 to avoid interfering, and absorb some traffic. Add more transmission timeslot and recovery to 2/2/2 in PTCIJA-1-2-3 Make traffic balanced between PTCSCR-1/PTCIJA-3/PTCSCU-2 Adjust azimuth from 240 to 270 in PTCIJA-3 Adjust E-tilt from 2 to 7 in PTCSCR-1 Adjust azimuth from 120 to 150 in PTCSCU-2 Add a TRX in PTCSCR-1/2/3 Hardware problem- crossed feeder cables Problems: There are more drop calls and handover failures times in each cell A little interfering in each cells in uplink(interfering band) and downlink(bad quality) MR are more in band 0~2 in path balance statistics result It showed crossed cables in this site: plan azimuth: 160/240/330, DT test 240/330/160.
Resolve ways: Have wrong frequency plan Get some frequency interfering Have wrong neighbor relationship Get some drop calls in each cells All statistics and DT test result are normal after adjust crossed cables Hardware problem-TRX problem Problems: TRX configuration:2/2/2 in URJDG-1-2-3 TRX8(2nd in URJDG-3, 1 cabinet) can not seizure any TCH in several days Have radio link alarm in this TRX Cant resolve the problems after swapping configuration data/slot in cabinet Result: TRX hardware problem Statistics results in cell and TRX level are normal after replaced TRX Hardware problem-connecting cable wrong-312 Problems: TRX configuration:3/5/3 in NSRDG-1-2-3 TRX12(5th TRX in NSRDG-2, two cabinet) can not seizure any TCH in some days Have radio link alarm in this TRX SCU+2CDU mode in this cell, 4 TRX connect to TX-DUP port in one CDU via 1st CDU. So that can decrease 1 bridge of combiner( save 3 dB of combiner loss) The other TRX connect to TX port in 2nd CDU. Result:wrong jump cables connecting. There is no jump cables between TX-COM and TX-DUP in 2nd CDU. Statistics results are normal after a jumped cable between TX-COM and TX-DUP. Hardware problem-connecting cable wrong-3012 Problems: In TRX 5, TRX configuration is 3/3/2 the path balance is main in RANK11, it means that uplink is bad. Check on site, the RDX cables are connecting wrong, it means there is no RDX receiver in TRX5 After adjust the connecting cable, the path balance in TRX5 is normal.
Configuration wrong-HO between systems-1 Analysis-1 Low handover success rate(about 25%) and effect to the KPI of BSC level. Low handover performance of outgong inter BSC intercell handover success The target cell of other BSC is belong to different system. Handover performance are normal from other BSC to present BSC in boundary. The loss times are local from handover required to handover command There is no handover ACK from MSC after handover required from BSC.
Analysis-2 BSC receive handover reject from A interface after handover required by Trace function. It show invalid information content when decoded the handover reject information. There are 3 type of information are not defined by GSM0508 protocol, they only defined by different supplier.-- Response RequestCurrent ChannelSpeech Version in BSSMAP. ECSC information between different band are be included in these 3 type information. One system defined 2 type of information but the other system defined 3 types. The result are normal after adjust the content of handover in MSC and activate ECSC in BSC. The external handover between QRBSCH(T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB) and KRBSCN3 (T3013XB), from external BSC handover performance, handover normal from T3013XB to T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB), but all handovers failures from 4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB(Huawei) to T3013XB(Nokia) with the reason of invalid cell. We checked the Configure external LAC data in MSC,BSC and The external information from Irancell. the external cell information is the same. Make a trace in A interface.In the interBSS incoming handover requirement message, it is showing that the external cell LAC=37F9(14329), but the LAC data which Irancell offered is 14327. this is the problem why all outgoing interBSS handovers are failure from T4503XAXB,T4504XA,T4504XB (Huawei) to T3103XB(Nokia). The results after modify the external LAC number in MSC and BSC Configuration wrong-HO between systems-2 Configuration problem-frequency and hopping No hopping zone hopping zone hopping zone Handover success rate is low in T4524XA, The target cell is T4106XA. Check the frequency between T4524XA and T4106XA, and found TCH channel are the same in TCH=23 (not active hopping) Check the data near these two site, only the sites in this zone are not active hopping function. Active Hopping function in this zone, the handover success rate is normal in T4524XA. Configuration wrong-TRX receiver mode in 3012 Problems: TRX configuration is 2/2/2, in TRX 10,11, handover success times is low after expansion. Check the data, the received mode is wrong. After adjust, the KPI is normal Configuration wrong- MSC information wrong Problems: T4055,T4106 TCH seizure success times is 0. TCH traffic is low from incoming handover. Modified LAC number on 29th-Mar Wrong plan data (TABSCH6) and wrong BSC data in MSC(TABSCH2). TCH seizure normal after adjust the BSC information in MSC. Configuration wrong-NCC permitted Problems: Difficult handover from T4110XA, XB to the other cells. Handover normal from TT4110XC to the other cells. Compare the parameters between T4110XA,XB,XC NCC permitted is only selected 0 allowed The handover recovery to normal in T4110 after adjust NCC permitted. Configuration wrong-BA table losed Problems: Drop call rate increased from 0.29% to 0.41% after some sites was cut over. RF drop call times are more than cut over. There almost no neighbor cells information in dedicate mode. But there are neighbor cells information in idle mode. BA1(BCCH) are not blank BA2(SACCH) are blank. Switch of user input are activate in these cells.
Result: Somebody activate the switch of user input wrongly when he made the autoconfig file. System only updated BA1 table, and BA2 need to added manually when user input are activation. Transmission-crossed connecting Problems: SRBSC has high congestion about 14%. Select the most congestion site T4781, arranged a DT team to test the site, found that there is only T4795 CGI and frequency near the T4781. But the two sites distance is 87KM, the only possible reason is that some wrong data has been configured or wrong connection between the two sites. Checked the handover of T4795, found that the cell can only handover to the other two cells in same site. Added the T4795s neighbor cell as the T4781 location. Later, the T4795s handover and congestion performance is improved. But we do the same to the T4781. this site no any changed, the KPI of this site was also bad. Checked other site with the same problem in T4784, high congestion and low HOSR. so it is possible that the three site has swap relation among T4781, T4795 and T4784. the KPI are rapidly enhanced in these three sites and SRBSC after we changed the neighborhood T4781 as T4784, T4795 as T4781, T4784 as T4795. It is proved situation what I suspected after we arranged a DT test. BSS engineer feed back that they found the optic port of transmit had been swapped among these three site and recovery on 13th-Apr. And we change back to the neighborhood data in these cells. the below is the compare of the before and after adjust, total in T4781,T4784,T4795. Transmission-problem in connector Problems: Immediate assignment fail times in BSC fail is 34672, this site is 17912(51.66%), immediate assignment success rate is about 20%, it lead to immediate assignment success rate in BSC level is 97.4%. it has affected the network for more than 2 months. The problem is the transmission connector in DDF, the core (for signaling) and shielding (for ground protect) cable are connected together, The signaling is connecting to the ground.. It will lead to the transmission cant bear any traffic and business, and TMU with alarms in all time. it is the reason of why there are so many immediate assignment fail times. The KPI recovery to normal after re-do the connector Version abnormal-TMU-1 the TRX was out of service in turns in T4090. it means that sometime OOS in some TRX, and the other time, the other TRX will OOS in burst. The traffic in these TRX will all be drop calls. When we check the result, the problem occurs suddenly, and found that the TRX with phase-loop alarm. The KPI is normal after we reset the site in level 4. Version abnormal-TMU-2 CSSR is low after cutover 18 sites from TABSCH6 to TABSCH5. Found there are 4939 times for TCH seizure failure times in T4084XC. TCH availability is 40%, TCH congestion rate is 1.1% Some channels in available TRX is red (cant seizure any users) The KPI is normal after reset the site in level 4 on 3th-May. Interfering-channel interfering In T4313XB have interference on TRX5, and HOSR is low, The most idle channels are in band4. Modify TCH frequency channel from 27 to 28. After modified frequency T4313B HOSR recover normal. Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system 2. Based technology 3. Data rate and coding algorithm 4. Parameters in common use 5. Statistics task and formula in common use 6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE Course contents PSTN Network Billing Center GBTS TE MT MS GBSC Internet A Pb Um Gi HLR/Auc/EIR SMS-GMSC/IWMSC MSC/VLR SS7 Network GSM Core Network GGSN CG SGSN DNS GPRS Backbone Gb Gb Gs Abis Um GPRS Core Network EDGE PCU OMC Review of GPRS/EDGE system Review of GPRS/EDGE system POMU: packet operation maintenance unit HSC: hot swap controller RPPU: radio packet process unit 13-15 for Gb interface Others for Pb interface 2 boards of L2PU in each RPPU Each RPPU support 100 EDGE channels/max or 120 GPRS channels/max Suggest 50%fixed/50%dynamic PDCH channels Course contents Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system 2. Based technology 3. Data rate and coding algorithm 4. Parameters in common use 5. Statistics task and formula in common use 6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE Total 52 frame =12blocks*4+4idle Based technology TBF: Temporary Block Flow: physical connection in packet network. simulated with RR connection in GSM. TFI: Temporary Flow Identity: flag of TBF. 5bit(value0-31) and the TFI belongs to especial TBF. it can use the same or different TFI in one TBF FBI: final block identity. 1 bit to indicator if it is the LAST RLC block USF: uplink state flag: 3bit(0-7): control MSs to using channels with UFI in dynamic type RRBP: Relative Reserved Block Period,3 bit(0-7) , defines the location when ms send to network with packet control ACKor packet DL ACK MAC mode: Three type of MAC mode: fixed allocation, dynamic allocation, extend dynamic allocation Fixed type: BSS allocation data block for MS with fixed type. BSS will re-allocation data block when the first data block finished transmission but still have data block. Dynamic type: BSS allocation data block for ms with temporary type. BSS assign the USF in different PDCH channels,the packet data will transmission if the USF are the same between MS decoded and BSS allocated. Extend dynamic type: simulate with dynamic but the timeslots can more than the timeslot capacity of MS. RLC mode: confirm mode: each packet block need to confirm in each TBF with MS and network during transmission. Or the packed block will resent until be confirmed by each other. And TBF will release after be confirmed finish with each other. Non-confirm mode: need not to confirm in each TBF. TBF will release after finish transmitting the packet blocks. Classes of MS Class A: can use circuit and packet business in the same time Class B: MS can attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time, but only can use one of circuit or packet business in the same time. MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network automatically. Class C: MS can not attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time. MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network manually. . Network operate mode: NO1: the core network send paging message in Gs(SGSN to MSC) interface. MS only need to detect paging in one type of channel(PCH or PPCH).-with Gs interface NO2: paging message only be sent in PCH for CS and PS paging. Because the PPCH is not configuration with neither Gs nor PPCH . NO3: paging message is sent in PCH (for CS) and PPCH (for PS), MS need to detect PCH and PPCH message in the same time. with no Gs but PPCH Multi-timeslots capacity(1-29) it shows the capacity of MS in uplink and downlink for packet service. 1+4 or 2+3 timeslots in common by now. Multi-TBF in PDCH channel: it shows the capacity for TBF connection in each PDCH channel. default value: 4 uplink+4 downlink TBF in each PDCH channels in the same time. 7 uplink TBF or 8 downlink TBF/max in each PDCH channels Based technology LQC(link quality control mode) LA: link adaptation: using different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit and can re-divided 2 RLC blocks to re-transmit.(bad BEP in low MCS, good BEP in high MCS) IR: Incremental redundancy: different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit LLC PDU divide to RLC PDU Data packet RLC/MAC header LLC header SNDCP header LLC FCS Dummy bits LLC PDU RLC/MAC BLKS SNDCP PDU BSN=0 BSN=1 BSN=2 BSN=3 BSN=127 BSN=0 BSN=1 Data packet RLC/MAC header LLC header SNDCP header LLC FCS Dummy bit LLC PDU RLC/MAC blks BSN=0 BSN=1 BSN=2 BSN=N 1560bit/max LLC PDU delivery turns in confirm mode LLC PDU delivery turns in non-confirm mode RLC PDU recombine to LLC PDU
PDU t ransmission PDP cont ext READY t imer expiry or Force t o TANDBY PDP deact ive PDP cont ext PDU recept ion PDP deact ive or Cancel Locat ion MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN IDLE READY STANDBY IDLE READY STANDBY READY t imer expiry or Force t o STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condit ion Implicit Det ach or t imer exprit y Implicit Det ach or Cancel Locat ion Three state of MM: Idle: without available RA information Standby: can implement RA update, selection, reselection, paging function, finished attached to GPRS network Can active PDP context, but no TBF,no transmission with data block Ready: can send and receive UDP, selection, reselection, no paging, cell information sometime with data block transmission in uplink/downlink on TBF Conversion among different states in MM Course contents Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system 2. Based technology 3. Data rate and coding algorithm 4. Parameters in common use 5. Statistics task and formula in common use 6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE Modulating bits D 3i ,
d 3i+1 , d 3i+2 Symbol parameter l (1,1,1) 0 (0,1,1) 1 (0,1,0) 2 (0,0,0) 3 (0,0,1) 4 (1,0,1) 5 (1,0,0) 6 (1,1,0) 7 Coding scheme and rate Coding scheme and rate MCS-3 Family A Family B Family C Family A padding 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets MCS-6 MCS-9 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets MCS-2 MCS-5 MCS-7 22 octets 22 octets MCS-1 MCS-4 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets MCS-3 MCS-6 MCS-8 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets Modem type Coding scheme Bytes in RLC/MAC Rate (kbps) PDCH /16kbps Binding idle ts(16kbps)/max Family CS-(1-4)/ GMSK CS-1 23 9.05 1 / / CS-2 33 13.4 1 / / CS-3 39 15.6 2 6 / CS-4 53 21.4 2 6 / MCS-(1-4) GMSK MCS-1 22 8.8 1 3 C MSC-2 28 11.2 1 3 B MSC-3 37 14.8 2 6 A MCS-4 44 17.6 2 6 C MCS-(5-9) 8PSK MCS-5 56 22.4 2 6 B MCS-6 74 29.6 2 6 A MCS-7 2*56 44.8 3 9 B MCS-8 2*68 54.4 4 12 A MCS-9 2*74 59.2 4 12 A Coding scheme and rate 8PSK mode GMSK mode 9.1 12.2 14.4 20.2 8.8 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6 44.8 54.4 59.2 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9 kbps GPRS EGPRS Coding scheme and rate Course contents Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system 2. Based technology 3. Data rate and coding algorithm 4. Parameters in common use 5. Statistics task and formula in common use 6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE Uplink Number of successful uplink TBF establishment Number of uplink TBF establishment attempts (UL) TBF successful assignment rate (user defined) Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to no channel Number of uplink TBF establishment failures due to no channel (UL) TBF congestion rate (user defined) Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow (MS no response) Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow (MS no response) (UL) TBF drop rate (user defined) Number of successful uplink assignments Number of uplink assignments (UL) successful packet assignment rate (user defined) TBF and packet performance Downlink Number of successful downlink TBF establishment Number of downlink TBF establishment attempts (DL) TBF successful assignment rate (user defined) Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to no channel Number of downlink TBF establishment failures due to no channel (DL) TBF congestion rate (user defined) Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow (DL) TBF Drop rate (user defined) Number of successful downlink assignments Number of downlink assignments (DL) successful packet assignment rate (user defined) PDCH occupy Mean number of occupied PDCHs Mean number of available PDCHs Number of PDCHs occupied by downlink TBF Number of PDCHs occupied by uplink TBF Total number of PDCHs occupied by TBF PDCHs occupied rate Number of attempts at converting TCH to PDTCH Number of successful conversions from TCH to PDTCH Number of dynamic PDCHs reclaimed by BSC PDCH resource, access and retain Accessibility and retainability Packet Accessibility Packet Retainability Formulas in common use Packet Retainability(%)=100%-- Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow (MS no response) Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow (MS no response) Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow) Number of successful uplink TBF establishment Number of successful downlink TBF establishment Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishment Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts Packet Accessibility(%)= TBF uplink congestion rate(%)= Number of uplink TBF establishment failures due to no channel Number of uplink TBF abnormal release due to no channel Number of uplink TBF establishment attempts TBF downlink congestion rate(%)= Number of downlink TBF establishment failures due to no channel Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to no channel Number of downlink TBF establishment attempts Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishment Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts TBF uplink assignment success rate(%)= Number of Successful downlink TBF Establishment Number of downlink TBF Establishment Attempts TBF downlink assignment success rate(%)= Uplink TBF call-drop rate(%)= Number of uplink EGPRS TBF abnormal release due to N3101 overflow Number of uplink EGPRS TBF abnormal release due to N3103 overflow Number of successful uplink TBF establishment Downlink TBF call-drop rate(%)= Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow Number of successful downlink TBF establishment packet uplink assignment success rate(%)= Number of successful uplink assignments Number of uplink assignments packet downlink assignment success rate(%)= Number of successful downlink Number of downlink assignments EDGE RLC/MAC DL performance Mean rate of downlink EGPRS RLC( kbits/s ) Mean throughput of downlink single EGPRS TBF( kbits ) Number of downlink EGPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER) Number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~9 Number of downlink EGPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER) Number of MCS demotions on downlink EGPRS TBF Number of MCS upgrades on downlink EGPRS TBF Retransmission rate of downlink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~9(%) Total number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks EDGE RLC/MAC UL performance Mean rate of uplink EGPRS RLC( kbits/s ) Mean throughput of uplink single EGPRS TBF( kbits ) Number of uplink EGPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER) Number of uplink EGPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~9 Number of uplink EGPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER) Number of MCS demotions on uplink EGPRS TBF Number of MCS upgrades on uplink EGPRS TBF Retransmission rate of uplink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~9(%) Total number of downlink EGPRS RLC data blocks EDGE RLC/MAC performance GPRS RLC/MAC DL performance Mean rate of downlink GPRS RLC( kbits/s ) Mean throughput of downlink single EGPRS TBF( kbits ) Number of downlink GPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER) Number of downlink GPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~4 Number of downlink GPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER) Number of MCS demotions on downlink EGPRS TBF Number of MCS upgrades on downlink EGPRS TBF Retransmission rate of downlink EGPRS RLC data block using MCS1~4(%)
GPRS RLC/MAC UL performance Mean rate of uplink GPRS RLC( kbits/s ) Mean throughput of uplink single GPRS TBF( kbits ) Number of uplink GPRS RLC control blocks(NUMBER) Number of uplink GPRS RLC data blocks using MCS1~4 Number of uplink GPRS RLC dummy blocks(NUMBER) Number of MCS demotions on uplink GPRS TBF Number of MCS upgrades on uplink GPRS TBF Retransmission rate of uplink GPRS RLC data block using MCS1~4(%) Total number of downlink GPRS RLC data blocks GPRS RLC/MAC performance LLC DL performance Downlink throughput(kbits/s) mean length of downlink LLC_PDUs mean LLC_PDU bytes per downlink TBF number of downlink LLC_PDUs discarded due to FLUSH_LL received number of downlink LLC_PDUs discarded due to timeout total bytes of downlink LLC_PDUs received total bytes of downlink LLC_PDUs sent total number of downlink LLC_PDUs received total number of downlink TBFs total number of LLC_PDUs sent
LLC RLC/MAC UL performance mean length of uplink LLC_PDUs mean LLC_PDUs bytes per uplink TBF total bytes of uplink LLC_PDUs sent total numbers of uplink LLC_PDUs sent total number of uplink TBFs uplink throughput(kbits/s)
BEP performance Times of 8PSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times) Times of GMSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times)
LLC and BEP performance Course contents Chapter 2 GPRS/EDGE system
1. Review of the GPRS/EDGE system 2. Based technology 3. Data rate and coding algorithm 4. Parameters in common use 5. Statistics task and formula in common use 6. Call flowing in GPRS/EDGE Attach call flowing Note: step2: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN Step3: option,occurs when step 2 fail. Step4: option,occurs if there is no PDP context active Step5: option Step6: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN or attach to network for the first time. Step7: relation with step1. Occurs when IMSI attach and Gs interface is configured Detach ,packet paging, RA update(internal SGSN) Detach: MS request Detach in most time . Also can SGSN. Packet paging: shows in Network Operator II (PCH configured only) RA updating : shows in internal SGSN. PDP context active and deactivate in request by MS and network Conversion between PS and CS Conversion between PS and CS Reason: relation with Class B of MS. Initial state: PS mode (in attach or standby or ready mode). Convert state: CS active (location update, cell reselection, incoming calls.) Suspend: plug up from PS. When finished CS ,MS will resume to PS mode (back to attach mode) +T3190 -T3190 +T3141 +T3164 -T3164 +T3168 - T3141 Reset N3101 -T3168 For EDGE: EDGE packet channel request (11bit or 8bit) and indicate phase 1,phase 2, short access inside. For PS block: require to phase 1 and try to phase 2 access in non-confirm mode require and try to phase 2 access in confirm mode. For PS signalling (MM): require to phase 1 access. There is TFI and defined TBF in immediate assignment
Broken lines shows the phase 2 access polling information (TLLI) Establish TBF in PS idle mode Establish UL TBF in CCCH phase 1 access phase 2 access Establish DL TBF in CCCH
Establish TBF in PS transmission mode Establish UL TBF in DL transmission Establish DL TBF in UL transmission
Establish TBF (1) Establish TBF in PS idle mode Establish UL TBF in CCCH phase 1 access phase 2 access Establish DL TBF in CCCH
Establish TBF in PS transmission mode Establish UL TBF in DL transmission Establish DL TBF in UL transmission Establish TBF (2) S/P: supplyment /polling: to indicator if RRBP is efficiency S/P=0: no efficiency S/P=1: efficiency
UL transmission in confirm and NON-confirm mode Ws: windows size64~1024, need (Vs-Va)mod(SNS) Ws relation with multi-timeslot capacity Vs: 0~SNS-1 variable for sending state, Vs=Vs+1 when finish sending blocks of BSN=Vs Va: 0-SNS-1 variable for ACK state,update from ACK/NACK message
If T3182 timeout ,then N3102-pan_dec, until n3102=0 TBF release If ms receive packet uplink ACK for (vs<va+ws),then N3102+pan-inc, Timeslots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Window size 64~192 64~256 64~384 64~512 64~640 64~768 64~896 64~1024 In ONE TBF, WS only increase in RLC layer WS : 64~1024 Relation with PDCH ts.
MS BSS RLC data block(TFI) RLC data block(TFI,S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) RLC data block(TFI) Packet Downlink Ack/Nack RLC data block(TFI) RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) Packet Downlink Ack/Nack( ) . . . . . . . . . . T3190 Packet Downlink Ack/Nack(FAI=1) T3191 T3191 . . . RLC data block(TFI ) RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) T3191 T3191 T3193 PACKET DL ASSIGNMENT/PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE (Control Ack=1) T3190 T3190 T3190 T3190 T3190 T3190 T3190 T3192 T3190 . . . RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) Packet Downlink Ack/Nack(FAI=1) T3191 T3191 T3193 T3190 T3192 T3190 MS BSS RLC data block(TFI) RLC data block(TFI) RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) Packet Control Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . T3190 T3191 T3191 . . . PACKET DL ASSIGNMENT/PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE (Control Ack=1) T3190 T3190 T3190 T3190 T3192 RCL data block(FBI=1, S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11)) T3191 T3191 T3193 T3190 T3192 T3193 T3192 Packet Control Acknowledgement DL transmission in confirm and NON-confirm mode network MS PACKET TBF RELEASE (release UL TBFRRBP) PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGMENT RLC DATA BLOCK (CV) RLC DATA BLOCK (CV=0) Release UL TBF network MS PACKET TBF RELEASE (release DL TBFRRBP) PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGMENT To idle mode if there is no UL TBF Stop detech DLPDCH Release TBF in UL/DL