SINUSITIS

PRAVIN PRAKASH
Final Year M.Sc (N)
Navodaya College of Nursing
Raichur
 Sinusitis

Sinusitis
What are sinuses?
• The sinuses are cavities, or air-filled
pockets, near the nasal passage. Like the
nasal passage, the sinuses are lined with
mucous membranes. There are four
different types of sinuses:
four different types of
sinuses:
 ethmoid sinus - located inside the face,
around the area of the bridge of the nose.
This sinus is present at birth, and continues
to grow.
maxillary sinus - located inside the face,
around the area of the cheeks. This sinus is
also present at birth, and continues to grow.
frontal sinus - located inside the face, in the
area of the forehead. This sinus does not
develop until around 7 years of age.
sphenoid sinus - located deep in the face,
behind the nose. This sinus does not develop
until adolescence
What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis is an infection of the

sinuses near the nose. These
infections usually occur after a
cold or after an allergic
inflammation.
There are four types of sinusitis:

• acute - symptoms of this type of infection last less

than four weeks and get better with the appropriate
treatment.
• subacute - this type of infection does not get better
with treatment initially, and symptoms last four to eight
weeks.
• chronic - this type of infection happens with repeated
acute infections or with previous infections that were
inadequately treated. These symptoms last eight
weeks or longer.
• recurrent - three or more episodes of acute sinusitis a
year.
What causes sinusitis?
• URI
• ALLERGIES
• bacteria such as
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
• abnormalities in the
structure of the nose
• enlarged adenoids
• diving and swimming
• infections from a tooth
• trauma to the nose
• foreign objects stuck in
the nose
• cleft palate
• gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)
• secondhand smoke
Pathophysiology
• Due to etiological factors
▼
• secretions from the sinuses is blocked
▼
• inflammation / swelling and increased production of mucus
▼
• Fullness, purulent material fills the sinus, pain {head} or
sinusitis
What are the symptoms of
sinusitis?

younger children:
• runny nose
– lasts longer than seven to 10 days
– discharge is usually thick green or yellow, but
can be clear
• nighttime cough
• occasional daytime cough
• swelling around the eyes
• usually no headaches younger than 5 years
of age
older children and adults:
• runny nose or cold symptoms lasting longer than
seven to 10 days
• drip in the throat from the nose
• headaches*
• facial discomfort
• bad breath
• cough
• fever
• sore throat
• swelling around the eye, often worse in the
morning
How is sinusitis diagnosed?

• sinus x-rays
• computed tomography (Also called
CT or CAT scan.)
• cultures from the sinuses
Treatment for sinusitis:
• antibiotics, as determined by your child's
physician (antibiotics are usually given for at
least 14 days)
• acetaminophen (for pain or discomfort)
• a decongestant (i.e., pseudoephedrine
[Sudafed®]) and/or mucus thinner (i.e.,
guaifenesin [Robitussin®])
• cool humidifier in your child's room
• nasal spray to reduce inflammation
• medications to treat GERD
surgery
• Surgery should be considered only if other
treatments have failed.
• endoscopic sinus surgery