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Table 1
Table 1. Clinical details of preterm infants

Copyright 2011 Pediatric Research. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2
Development of Postural Adjustments
During Reaching in Preterm Infants

VAN DER FITS, INGRID B. M.; FLIKWEERT,
ELVIRA R.; STREMMELAAR, ELISABETH F.;
MARTIJN, ALBERT; HADDERS-ALGRA,
MIJNA
Pediatric Research. 46(1):1-7, July 1999.
doi:

Figure 1
Figure 1. Postural activity during reaching
movements in the upright sitting position.
Typical examples of postural activity
accompanying a reaching movement
during upright sitting of a full-term infant
(left panel) and of preterm infant E (right
panel) at the age of 12 mo. EMG activity of
the following muscles is displayed: DE =
deltoid, NF = neck flexor, NE = neck
extensor, RA = rectus abdominis, LE =
lumbar extensor, RF = rectus femoris, and
HAM = hamstrings. Electrocardiac activity is
present in RA and LE. The solid vertical line
denotes the onset of the arm movement as
scored on the video, and the dotted
vertical lines mark the window in which
phasic EMG bursts are detected. The
horizontal bars delineate the presence of
significant EMG burst as defined by the
computer algorithm. Note the presence of
reciprocal activity in the neck muscles and
the absence of direction specific trunk
muscle activation in the EMG pattern of the
preterm infant.

Copyright 2011 Pediatric Research. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 3
Development of Postural Adjustments
During Reaching in Preterm Infants

VAN DER FITS, INGRID B. M.; FLIKWEERT,
ELVIRA R.; STREMMELAAR, ELISABETH F.;
MARTIJN, ALBERT; HADDERS-ALGRA,
MIJNA
Pediatric Research. 46(1):1-7, July 1999.
doi:

Figure 3
Figure 3. Latencies of neck and trunk
muscle activity. Group data on the
latencies of the neck and trunk muscle
activation during upright sitting at 10 and
18 mo in the preterm infants (filled bars)
and the full-term infants (open bars). The
vertical line (t = 0) denotes the onset of
EMG activity in DE. The data are presented
by the ranges (horizontal bars) and the
median values (vertical lines) at the various
ages. Asterisks denote statistically
significant differences between the
activation latencies of the two groups: *p <
0.05 (Mann-Whitney). Additionally,
significant differences were present at both
ages in the full-term infants between the
latencies of LE and RA (p < 0.05; Fisher) and
between NE and LE (p < 0.05; Fisher at 10
mo, Wilcoxon at 18 mo).

Copyright 2011 Pediatric Research. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 4
Development of Postural Adjustments
During Reaching in Preterm Infants

VAN DER FITS, INGRID B. M.; FLIKWEERT,
ELVIRA R.; STREMMELAAR, ELISABETH F.;
MARTIJN, ALBERT; HADDERS-ALGRA,
MIJNA
Pediatric Research. 46(1):1-7, July 1999.
doi:

Figure 2
Figure 2. Developmental changes in the
frequencies of "complete" postural
response patterns. The development of
"complete" postural response patterns
(NE+NF+LE+RA, NE+NF+LE, and NE+LE+RA)
during reaching movements in the upright
sitting position. The filled bars represent
the group ranges of the frequencies in the
preterm infants, the open bars represent
the group ranges of the full-terms. The
median group values are displayed by the
horizontal lines. A significant decrease was
found in the amount of complete postural
response patterns in the full-term infants
between 4 and 6 mo of age (p < 0.05;
Fisher), which was followed by a significant
increase until 18 mo (p < 0.05; Kruskall
Wallis). Asterisks indicate significant
differences between the two groups of
infants: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Mann-
Whitney).

Copyright 2011 Pediatric Research. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 5
Development of Postural Adjustments
During Reaching in Preterm Infants

VAN DER FITS, INGRID B. M.; FLIKWEERT,
ELVIRA R.; STREMMELAAR, ELISABETH F.;
MARTIJN, ALBERT; HADDERS-ALGRA,
MIJNA
Pediatric Research. 46(1):1-7, July 1999.
doi: