AMITY UNIVERSITY

NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE

SUBMITED BY:
JYOTHI PRAKASH REDDY
A2326213025
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE:

Servicing job vary from simple to difficult. No repair job requires more than six steps. These are
Measuring
Disassembling
Machining
Installing new, rebuilt, or serviced parts
Reassembling
Adjusting
Some job require fewer steps. Many require removal of apart from the vehicle, and reinstalling it
or a new or rebuilt part. The various steps may require hand tools, measuring tools, and power tools.

SHOP EQUIPMENT AND POWER TOOLS:

Tools powered by electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure are power tools. When we are doing any
automotive service jobs us power tools where ever it is necessary.
These are three types of power tools electric, pneumatic and hydraulic. Electrical tools have a electrical
motor.
The word pneumatic means, it is operated by compressed air. They includes air hammer, air impact wrenches,
air ratchets, and air jacks.
Hydraulic tools work because of pressure on a liquid. These tools include hydraulic jacks, shop cranes,
hydraulic presses and automotive lifts.

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE SYSTEMS

ENGINE LUBRICANTING SYSTEMS:
The lubricating system supplies lubricating oil to all moving parts in the engine. The oil lubricates moving
parts to reduce wear
There are several grades of single viscosity oils. They are rated for winter or for other than winter. Winter
grades oils are SAE 0W, SAE 5W, SAE 10W, SAE 10W, SAE 15W, SAE 20W, and SAE 25W. The SAE
stands for society of automobile engineers, which develops grading system. The W stands for winter.
For other than winter use, single- viscosity oil grades are SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40 and SAE 50. The higher
number the thicker the oil.
There are seven series of rating for spark ignition lubricating oils: SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF and SG. There are
six service rating for diesel engines lubricating oils: CA, CB, CC, CD, CE and CF.
Oil cans and container are marked with API symbol . It tells the type of oil and its viscosity and service
rating.

OIL FILTERS:

All automobile engines lubricating systems have a oil filter. The oil flows through filter before reaching the
engine bearings. The filter has a pleated paper filtering element. It allow the oil to pass through with out any
particles of dirt and carbon
The filter has a spring loaded by pass valve. It opens to protect engine from oil starvation if the filter become
clogged. However filter should change before this happens
. Some filters have a anti- drain back value. It helps the oil from draining out of the
filter while engine is off.

ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM:

The burning of air fuel mixture in the engine may cause high temperature up to 4000F[2200C]. This means
that engine cylinder may get hot. However engine cylinder must not get hotter than about 500F [260C].
Operation of cooling system uses five basic parts in order to controlling engine temperature. Water jackets,
water pump, thermostat, radiator and fan. These and other parts continuously work together to control engine
temperature and to protect from overheating.

ANTIFREEZE AND COOLANT

Water freezes at 32F[10C]. if only the water used as the coolant. It would freeze if temperature drops below
32F [0C]. This would stop coolant circulation and engine would overheated .

To prevent freezing of the water in the cooling system antifreeze is added to form the coolant .
The most commonly used antifreeze is ethylene glycol. A mixture of half water and half ethylene glycol is
necessary for year round use in most car. The solution of 70% of antifreeze will prevent freezing of the
coolant at temperatures as low as -84F [-64C].
There are two types of ethylene- glycol antifreeze, high silicate and low silicate. Most of automotive engines
uses high- silicate antifreeze. It protects aluminum parts.
Low silicate antifreeze is used in diesel or gasoline engines with cast iron cylinder blocks and heads.

AIR FILTERS:
A blocked air filters will lower the cars fuel efficiency and replacing air filter by cleaning it with compressed
air can improve fuel efficiency up to 10%.
Loos the clamp that seals the air conduct.
Remove all the screws on the air filter cover.
Keep screws and other parts together and in a safe location.
Pull the cover out of the air conduit and lift it up so it comes off the lower part of the housing. Now u can see
the air filter is made of cotton, paper or gauze. Filter have a rubber strip around that seals off the units
interior.
Simply lift the air filter out for housing.
Clean the air filter by using compressed air to blow out the dust or replace the air filter in housing and check
all sealing provide correctly

BATTERY MAINTENANCE:
CLEANING THE BATTERY:
Top- terminals batteries may corrode around the terminals and clamps. Disconnect the cables and clean
the terminals and clamps with a battery- terminals brush.
Brush the battery top with a solution of baking soda and water. After foaming stops, flush off the battery top
with the water. To retard corrosion. Coat the terminals with anticorrosion compound.
BATTERY ADDITIVES:
Certain chemical additives are promoted as restoring
batteries to good condition when added to the cells.
Never add chemicals to the battery.
This will avoid the battery warranty and may cause battery failure.

TESTING THE BATTERY:

Testing determines if the battery:
Is in good condition.
Needs recharging
Is defective and should be discarded.
Batteries are tested in two ways: for state of charge and for performance. The state of charge of a vent- cap
battery is determined with the hydrometer. An open circuit voltage test can also be used. The battery load test
indicates if the battery is capable of performing its job.
Open circuit voltage is used to check the state of charge of battery. If the voltage of battery is lies 12.4volts to
12.6volts the battery is good condition. If the voltage is less than the 12.4volts then battery needs to charge or
battery is fully discharged.

STARTING SYSTEMS SERVICE:

There will be three basic starting system problems
The engine does not crank
The engine crank slowly but does not start.
The engine cranks normally but does not start. This condition is not caused by the starting system. If indicates
a problem in the fuel or ignition system or in the engine.

JUMP STARTING:

Jump starting is the starting the engine of a vehicle it has dead battery by using a charged battery from other
battery car. The charged battery is the booster battery. Try to avoid jump starting. It is very dangerous when
performed in correctly. Spark may cause explosion of battery. Placing a reverse terminal it cause total damage to
circuit and cause damage to electrical and electronic components in car.

TIRES AND WHEELS:

INSTRUCTION OF WHEEL BALANCER:
Wash the wheels
Fix the wheels on the machine
Remove the stones underneath the tires
Check the air pressure of the tires
Remove the old weights
Take the readings
Start the machine
After switching on the machine it will show required weights. Depending on required Weights
should added to rim.
Once again tire will be checked after adding required weights.
If the machine shows ok then remove the wheel.

TYRE ROTATION
Tire rotation means to switch the wheels and tires assemblies from one axle postion to another. A typical
recommendation to rotate tire about 7500 miles [12000km] and then very 15000 miles [24000km]. Tire rotation
pattern for rear wheel drive as shown below.

SPARK PLUGS:
Spark plugs lights the fire in engine cylinder nearly 25 times per second during normal driving. It is generally
good idea to replace a spark plugs for every 30,000 miles.
Platinum and iridium spark plugs can last long as 50,000 and 100,000 miles. More frequent replacement will
ensure more engine performance.
A ground electrode attaches to the metal shell and is bent inwards to produce spark gap. Usually the gap varies
from 0.035 inches[0.9mm] for contact point ignition system to 0.080 inches [2.03mm] for some electronic
ignition systems

SPARK PLUG SERVICE:

Spark plug socket It will have special padding inside to protect the spark plugs Torque wrench It is
important that the spark plugs are tightened to the required torque
Ratchet -Hand tool to fit the spark plug socket
Extension Depending on model and accessories extension is required.
Spark plug gap gauge gauges are used for measuring of gap. Gauges are available in different shapes
The gap between the spark plug electrodes is a typical dimension that should be correct. Most spark plug gaps
are set at the factory, but sometimes gaps can be wrong, even on new spark plugs.
Before installing the new plugs, apply a thin coat of anti-seize compound to the threads.
Attach the ignition coil or spark plug wire to the new spark plug, assuring it is fully seated on the plug.
Repeat the procedure for the remaining spark plugs.

CONCLUSION:

Automotive maintenance describe the act inspecting or testing of the car subsystems and
servicing and replacing the parts and fluids. Regular maintenance is to ensure safety, reliability, drivability,
comfort and longevity of car. During prevent maintenance number of parts are replaced to avoid major damage
or safety reasons. Regular maintenance will ensure better vehicle performance and good fuel economy.
Maintaining the general service such as battery checkup, engine oil, gear oil, engine cooling system will ensure
the vehicle performance and fuel economy much better.