HYDROSPHERE

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A hydrosphere (from Greek - hydor, "water"
and - sphaira, "sphere") in physical geography
describes the combined mass of water found on,
under, and over the surface of a planet.
The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4
10
18
tonnes, which is about 0.023% of the Earth's
total mass. About 20 10
12
tonnes of this is in the
Earth's atmosphere (the volume of one tonne of water
is approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 71% of
the Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square
kilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered by
ocean. The average salinity of the Earth's oceans is
about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water
(35 ).
[1]


HYDROSPHERE
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The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4
10
18
tonnes, which is about 0.023% of the Earth's
total mass. About 20 10
12
tonnes of this is in the
Earth's atmosphere (the volume of one tonne of water
is approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 71% of
the Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square
kilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered by
ocean. The average salinity of the Earth's oceans is
about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water
(35 ).
[1]


HYDROSPHERE
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Reservoir
Volume (cubic km x
1,000,000)
Percent of Total
Oceans 1370 97.25
Ice Caps and Glaciers 29 2.05
Groundwater 9.5 0.68
Lakes 0.125 0.01
Soil Moisture 0.065 0.005
Atmosphere 0.013 0.001
Streams and Rivers 0.0017 0.0001
Biosphere 0.0006 0.00004
HYDROSPHERE
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An ocean (from Greek , "okeanos" Oceanus
[1]
) is
a major body of saline water, and a principal component
of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's
surface (~3.61 X 10
14
m
2
) is covered by ocean, a continuous
body of water that is customarily divided into several
principal oceans and smaller seas.
More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft)
deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per
thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a
salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. Scientists estimate
that 230,000 marine life forms of all types are currently
known, but the total could be up to 10 times that
number.
[2]

HYDROSPHERE
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More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres
(9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35
parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all
seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt.
Scientists estimate that 230,000 marine life forms of all
types are currently known, but the total could be up to
10 times that number.
[2]

HYDROSPHERE
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1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Arctic Ocean
5. Southern Ocean
HYDROSPHERE
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OCEANIC ZONE
OCEAN BATHYMETRI

HYDROSPHERE
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CONTINENTAL MARGIN
HYDROSPHERE
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HYDROSPHERE
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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
HYDROSPHERE
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FUNCTION :

As natural resources (Fishery, Reef, Electricity, nodule).
One of important element (drinking).
Natural recycle (digestion).
Temperature distribution.
Transportation.