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Fundamentals
Lesson 1
i(t)
i(t)
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
t
dc current
-0.8
-1
0
t
ac current
0.5
1.5
ac current
2.5
3.5
I2 = - 3 A
Circuit 1
Circuit 2
(a)
(b)
.
.
+
v=4v
vab = 4 v
b
(a)
(b)
v=4v
(c)
v = -6 v
-
w
v
q
(2)
dw
v
dq
w: energy in joules
8
(3)
q: charge in coulombs
dw
p
dt
(3)
(4)
p0
10
(5)
t
The energy we pay for is the area under the power-time curve.
t
11
w pdt
to
vidt
(6)
source
vs
vL
_
load
12
dq
i (t )
dt
13
(7)
14
I=4A
I=4A
I=4A
v=5v
v=5v
v=5v
v=5v
(a) P = 20W
(b) P = 20W
(c) P = -20W
(d) P = -20W
absorbed
absorbed
absorbed
absorbed
For the present time we will be concerned only with sources. The types
of sources we consider are independent and dependent.
15
v(t)
16
Most often
used
Sometimes
used
i(t)
1 amp
1 meg
V=?
17
20
30
+
5V _
19
10Iy
Iy
12
20
30
+
5V
+_
4vx
vx
_
20
12
dq
i (t )
dt
(7)
It follows that,
21
(8)
dq d (3t 6t 8t 4)
i (t )
dt
dt
3
It follows that,
i (t ) 9t 12t 8
2
22
q(t ) t 2 4t 1.5
23
20 V _
2A
24 V
+_
_
0.5Ix
_
+
4V
Ix = 4 A
24
Psup 24 24 x 4 96w;
Psup0.5 I 32 w;
x
Psup 4v 8 w
Psup 0
Psup8v 4 x8 32 w
Psup 20v 40 w
circuits
End of Lesson 1
Fundamentals