Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
to
Methods in Business
Research
Shafqat Ullah
shafqat.u@gmail.com
1
Session 1
Introduction to
Business Research
Marks Distribution
Final:
30 marks
Mid-term:
30 marks
Quiz:
15 marks
Class participation:
5 marks
Project:
20 marks
Reading text
Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation by Naresh K.
Malhotra
For SPSS: Statistical methods for practice and research
identification
collection
analysis
dissemination
identification and
Research Process
Step 1: Defining the Problem
Step 2: Developing an Approach to the Problem
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Basic concepts
Data
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Basic concepts
Raw data refers to a collection of numbers, characters,
Basic concepts
Population
All items in any field of inquiry constitute a Universe
or Population.
Examples: Population of Pakistan; All males living in
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Basic concepts
Elements
All individual items in a Universe or Population.
Examples: Telephone users in Karachi, Graduates in
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Basic concepts
Census
A complete enumeration of all items in the population is known as a
census inquiry.
Examples: Ages of all students currently enrolled in BBA, Census of
such an inquiry will get larger and larger as the number of observation
increases. Moreover, there is no way of checking the element of bias or
its extent except through a resurvey or use of sample checks.
Besides, this type of survey involves a great deal of time, money and
energy.
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Basic concepts
Sample
When the field of inquiry is large, census becomes difficult to conduct because
of the resources involved. Even the government adopts census approach very
rarely like population census is conducted once in a decade in most of the
countries.
Many a times it is not possible to examine each and every element in a
the selection process sampling, while such survey is called sampling survey.
Examples:
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Basic concepts
Probability
Random sample
Characteristic
Variable
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
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Next Assignment
Next reading: Management problem, Research objective,
Research question, Hypothesis.
Project task:
Formation of groups of 3 students (exchange phone
numbers and emails for communication)
Selection of organization (organization to be selected
where you have good acquaintance with someone in
senior management, directly or indirectly, so that you can
visit the organization a few times during the semester and
meet the relevant persons for the purpose).
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