What is Spectrum

 In wireless communication data are sent

through waves without using any physical
conductor.

 These waves are divided into three broad

group having different ranges of frequencies.
Waves and Frequencies

Radio waves Micro waves

Types of wire less Technology
 There are 4 types wire less technology presently in
future it may extend further.
 1G net work used for analog (require frequency
modulation for speech and data transmission by
circuit based devices).
 2G stands for second generation wire less
telephone technology (transfer voice services and
data).
 3G stands for third generation services used to
enhance mobile phone standards to facilitate growth
and support more diverse applications.
 4G stands for future standard of wire less devices.
 Evolution of Mobile Systems to 3G
- drivers are capacity, data speeds, lower cost
of delivery for revenue growth
,

Evolution of Mobile Systems to 3G

- drivers are capacity, data speeds, lower cost
of delivery for revenue growth
Expected market
share
TDMA
TDMA EDGE
EDGE
EDGE Evolution
EDGE Evolution
3GPP
GSM
GSM GPRS
GPRS Core 90%
Network
WCDMA HSDPA
WCDMA HSDPA
PDC
PDC

CDMA2000
CDMA2000
cdmaOne CDMA2000 1xEV/DV
1x EV/DV 10%
cdmaOne CDMA2000
CDMA2000
1x
1x CDMA2000
1xEV/DO
1x EV/DO
2G First Step into 3G 3G phase 1 Evolved 3G
 What is 3G
 A telecommunication hardware standards and general
Technology based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.
 3G is a enhanced telecommunication services with
capability for seamless transmission and reception of
high quality sound, data and picture message by fixed
and fast-moving subscriber.
 It access high-speed to the internet, entertainment,
information and electronic commerce (e-Commerce)
services at our pc’s and our television.
 It consists of two main standards – CDMA 2000 &
w-CDMA.
History
 First pre-commercial 3G network was launched by
Japan in May 2001.
 First post-commercial launch by Japan in Oct 2001
 The second network is SK Telecom of South Korea
in Jan 2002.
 First commercial 3G network of US is Monet Mobile
Network on CDMA 2000.
 Second network id Verizon Wireless in Oct 2003 on
CDMA 2000.
 3G different from 2G
 3G (third-generation) technology is used to
enhance mobile phone standards.
 3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice
data and non-voice data like downloading
information, exchanging e-mail, and instant
messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony.
 It enables to surf the Internet, view pictures of
the people they are talking to, watch movies and
listen to music on their handsets .
 3G Applications
 Interactive news delivery (voice, video, e-mail, graphics)
 Voice /High-quality audio
 Still photography
 Video/Audio streaming
 Data transmission services
 File transfer from intranet
 Multimedia e-mail (graphics, voice, video)
 Video conferencing
 Web browser
 – On-line services
 – Time schedules
 -Global Positioning Services/Geographical Information Systems
Benefits of 3G Wireless Networks
in Higher Education
 3G technology supports video telephony.
 Live video lectures can be cast to the
learner.
 Two-way video conferencing becomes
possible.
 Faster downloads of assignments .
ADVANTAGES OF 3G

 New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding

in existing systems.
 More bandwidth, security and reliability.
 Interoperability between services providers.
 Fixed and variable data rates.
 Asymmetric data rates.
 Backward compatibility of devices with
existing networks.
 Rich multimedia services.
Disadvantages
 High spectrum licensing fees for the 3g
services.
 Huge capital is required to build infrastructure
for 3G services.
 Health impact of electro magnetic waves.
 Prices are high for 3G mobile services.
 Takes time to catch up the service.
 Battery life of 3G phones.
 Lack of coverage in some areas.
Issues of 3G
 What are the frequency bands and quota
for CDMA?
 Issues regarding 3G for providers and
users?
 Issues regarding 3G pricing?
 Companies have applied for 3G license?
 What is the pricing issue in India?
Frequency bands and quota for
CDMA
 The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has
recommended three sets of frequency bands -
450 MHz, 800 MHz and 2.1 GHz. For CDMA
players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices 1.25
MHz each is offered.
 CDMA operators are free to bid both in the 2.1
GHz and the 450 MHz bands, but they will be
allocated spectrum only in one.
 GSM players operate on 900 MHz and 1,800
MHz, while CDMA players operate on 800 MHz.
Issues for providers and users
 High spectrum licensing fees for the 3G
services
 Huge capital required to build infrastructure for
3G services.
 Health impact of electromagnetic waves.
 Prices are very high for 3G mobile services.
 Will 2G users switch to 3G services.
 Takes time to catch up as the service is new
Issues regarding 3G pricing
 In Europe, spectrum licensing fees were
collected years before the 3G service was
developed and it required huge investments
to build 3G networks, hitting mobile
operators' margins.
 However, in Japan and South Korea,
spectrum licensing fees were not applicable
as the focus of these countries were
national IT infrastructure development.
Companies applied for 3G
license
 3G spectrum has been provided to GSM players
like BSNL, MTNL, Bharti, and Hutch to carry out
an interface check on a non-commercial basis
ahead of the start of 3G mobile services.
 Trial spectrum has been given for a period of
one month. This will be only 1/1000th of the
actual 3G spectrum capability.
 has been given to all those who have applied
under the National Frequency Allocation Plan
on the 2.1 GHz band.
 Pricing issue in India
 Tata have welcomed Trai's RS 1,400-crore (RS 14
billion) base price for a nationwide rollout of 3G
services, the rest of the players find the price too
exorbitant.
 Bharti-Airtel is disappointed with the pricing as
they were expecting it to be RS 300-400 crore.
 Bharti-Airtel has appealed to lower the prices
specially for rural penetration.
Future of 3G
 Now 3G has been uploaded in all the latest handsets
from the leading manufacturers including Sony
Ericsson, Samsung, LG, Nokia and Motorola.
 A new technology called HSDPA has been added with
the 3G system which works faster than 3G.
 3G opens the door to anything you can imagine.
 You will be able to do a multitude of things while
going through your daily schedule, whether at work
or at leisure.
 According to the Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (FICCI), in India, the 3G
subscriber is expected to be 90 million by 2013.
Conclusion
3G is for high speed networks for variety
of data intensive applications. 3G
provides more advanced services like
wide-area wireless voice Telephone, video
calls and broadband wireless data and
also it provides advanced multimedia
access and global roaming. 3G is giving
way to new generation wireless networks
i.e. 4G
3G Mobile Phones
By:
Sky Aimers