Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Silabus
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Silabus
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Integument System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Special Senses
Endocrine System
ANATOMY
Terms of Laterality
Bilateral
Unilateral
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
HOMEOSTASIS
PHYSIOLOGY
Protoplasm
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm and cell organelles
Nucleus
Water
Water is a solvent;
Water is a lubricant,
Water changes temperature slowly.
WATER COMPARTMENTS
All water within the body is continually moving, but
water is given different names when it is in specific
body locations, which are called compartments
(Fig. 24).
Intracellular fluid (ICF)the water within cells;
about 65% of the total body water
Extracellular fluid (ECF)all the rest of the
water in the body; about 35% of the total. More
specific compartments of extracellular fluid
include:
Plasmawater found in blood vessels
Lymphwater found in lymphatic vessels
Tissue fluid or interstitial fluidwater found in the
small spaces between cells
Specialized fluidssynovial fluid, cerebrospinal
fluid, aqueous humor in the eye, and others
Ions
Proteins
Structural
proteins
Mainly in the form of long filaments
Polymers of many individual protein molecules.
Intracellular filaments is to form microtubules
cytoskeletons cellular organelles (cilia, nerve axons, the
mitotic spindles of mitosing cells, and a tangled mass of thin
filamentous tubules that hold the parts of the cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm together in their respective compartments.
Extracellularly, fibrillar proteins are found especially in the
collagen and elastin fibers of connective tissue and in blood
vessel walls, tendons, ligaments, and so forth.
FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS
LIPIDS
Carbohydrates
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm and cell organelles
Nucleus
CELL MEMBRANE
plasma membrane
Envelops the cell
A thin, pliable, elastic structure only 7.5 to 10
nanometers thick.
It is composed almost entirely of proteins (55%)
and lipids (phospholipids, 25%; cholesterol, 13%;
4%; carbohydrates, 3%).
selectively permeable
Phospholipids
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Endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
SECRETORY VESICLES
Mitochondria
Powerhouses
Extract enough energy from the nutrients
Mitochondria are self-replicative, contain DNA.
Varies in
Fibrillar Proteins
Filaments
Tubulin
Centrioles : organize the spindle fibers during cell division.
Mitotic spindle :
primary function of microtubules is to act as a cytoskeleton,
providing rigid physical structures for certain parts of cells.
Cilia and flagella
Microvilli
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
nuclear envelope,
Two separate bilayer membranes.
The outer membrane is continuous with the
endoplasmic reticulum of the cell cytoplasm,
The space between the two nuclear membranes is
continuous with the space inside the endoplasmic
reticulum.
Endocytosis.
Passive
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active