A review of

LGBTIQ identity
BY:
JUFITRI JOHA
JASMIN ARIFSHAH
SYEDA BEGUM MOHAMED MASTAN
Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education,
Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project

LGBTIQ

PSYCHOLOGICAL confusion
caused by a TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
even HORMONAL IMBALANCE since
born
a kind of MENTAL DECEASE

There are
55 COUNTRIES OPPOSING LGBT
93 supports
27 refused to vote
17 were not present to vote
However, as of Sep. 12, 2012
only 11 out of 194 countries allow same-sex couples to marry:
Netherlands (2000)
Belgium (2003)
Canada (2005)
Spain (2005)
South Africa (2006)
Norway (2009)
Sweden (2009)
Argentina (2010)
Iceland (2010)
Portugal (2010)

CONT.

LGBTIQ an acronym stands for Lesbian, Gay,

Bisexual, Transsexual, Intersexual and Queer.
LGBTIQ is closely related with sexual orientation
and gender identity. Sexual orientation
means is an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual
or affectional attraction to another person
meanwhile gender identity means the
psychological sense of being male or female.
Gender
identity deals about inner identity rather than
physical one.

LESBIAN
A homosexual
woman or a female
who is physically,
emotionally and
spiritually
attracted to other
females.

GAY
A homosexual
especially a man or a
female who is
physically,
emotionally and
spiritually attracted
to others males.

Bisexual
Sexually attracted to both man
and woman or in other words
people attracted to
partners of the same sex and
partners of the opposite sex at
the same time.

TRANSSEXUAL
A person who emotionally
feels herself of himself to be
a member of other sex;
a Person who has had her or
his external organs removed
or altered in order to
resemble the
others sex.

INTERSEXUAL
a person born with mixed
physiology; a sex is often
assigned at birth, though this
practice is under attack as
violating ones well-being or
born with apsects of both
female and male genitalis, often
referred to as ambiguous
biological sex characteristics.

QUEER
a person who view their gender
identity as one of many possible
genders beyond
strictly male of female and those
who reject traditional gender
identities as a broader, less
conformist and deliberately
ambiguous alternative to LGBT.

SYMBOL OF LGBTIQ PRIDE

 The colors reflect the diversity of the LGBT

community, and make a statement that sexual
orientation, like the rainbow, is both beautiful
and natural.

Gilbert Baker, who designed the flag for the

San Francisco Gay Pride Parade in 1978, is said
to have developed the idea for the rainbow
flag from this flag in borrowing it from the
Hippie movement of that time.

CAUSE

GENETIC
INBORN
TRAITS
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

EFFECT

Unacceptable
Low self esteem
Unislamic and punishable under shariah laws
Considered as involved in social ill that need
to be treated and rehabilitated.
Discriminated

What Schools Can Do?

implementing clear policies, procedures, and
activities designed to prevent violence.
promote health and safety among LGBTQ youth
Encourage respect for all students and prohibit
bullying, harassment, and violence
Identify safe spaces,
Encourage student-led and student-organized school
clubs that promote a safe, welcoming, and accepting
school
Ensure that health curricula or educational materials
include HIV, other STD, or pregnancy prevention
information that is relevant to LGBTQ youth

CONT.
Encourage school district and school staff to
develop and publicize trainings on how to create
safe and supportive school environments for all
students
Facilitate access to community-based providers
who have experience providing health services,
including HIV/STD testing and counseling, to
LGBTQ youth.
Facilitate access to community-based providers
who have experience in providing social and
psychological services to LGBTQ youth.

What Parents/Community Can Do?

Talk openly with their children about any
problems or concerns and be watchful of
behaviors
Supportive reactions
Family therapist - what constitutes truth and
reality
Medical and psychiatric perspectives on sexual
orientation and gender identity

DEFINITION
Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation
involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or
behaviors.
This produces a feeling of discomfort leading
to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs
or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and
restore balance etc.
For example, when people involve in LGBT
(behavior) and they know that LGBT illegal
(cognition).

Festinger's (1957)

DECISION
MAKING
Reducing Dissonance:
Focusing on the positive
Points on the
item chosen Aim:
Investigating the attitude
that makes someone feel
better whilst
experiencing
dissonance

To reduce the
dissonance, positive
points were focused on
the chosen, and negative
points on the rejected

FORCED
COMPLIANCE
Reducing Dissonance:
- Change
attitudes/beliefs
Aim:
Re-Evaluating attitude
of a forced
compliance behaviour.
experience
dissonance between
what they have said
to and their
experience of the
task. This was
reduced by modifying
their view of how
interesting the task
was expressed in
more positive ratings

EFFORT

Reduce Dissonance: - If
the outcome is negative,
to reduce the dissonance
the participant sees the
outcome more positively.
Aim:
Investigate the attitude
resulting from dissonance
if voluntary activity goes
wrong.
If a voluntary experience
which has cost a lost of
effort turns out badly,
dissonance is reduced by
redefining the experience
as interesting. This
justifies the effort made

ELIMINATE DISSONANCE
Reduce the importance of the dissonant
beliefs

Add more consonant beliefs that

outweigh the dissonant beliefs
Change the dissonant beliefs so that they
are no longer inconsistent
removing the conflicting attitude or
behavior

Occurs most often in situations where an individual must choose

between two incompatible beliefs or actions.
The greatest dissonance is created when the two alternatives are
equally attractive.
Dissonance theory is contradictory to most behavioral theories
which would predict greater attitude change with increased
incentive.

MAN IS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL OF

ALLAH SWT CREATION

SURAH AL TIN

THANK YOU

THEORY OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a
motivational drive to reduce dissonance by changing their attitudes,
beliefs, and behaviors, or by justifying or rationalizing their attitudes,
beliefs, and behaviors. Cognitive dissonance theory is one of the most
influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology.
Dissonance normally occurs when a person perceives a logical
inconsistency among his or her cognitions. This happens when one
idea implies the opposite of another. For example, a belief in animal
rights could be interpreted as inconsistent with eating meat or wearing
fur. Noticing the contradiction would lead to dissonance, which could
be experienced as anxiety, guilt, shame, anger, embarrassment, stress,
and other negative emotional states.
When people's ideas are consistent with each other, they are in a state
of harmony or consonance. If cognitions are unrelated, they are
categorized as irrelevant to each other and do not lead to dissonance.

SOME GOOD USES OF

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
Congitive therapists use this technique to change bad behavior and
decisions. The technique is called a "yes set.
Getting a patient to agree to treatment for addiction or to initiate
some beneficial behavior is difficult. There is often a fundamental
"batting of heads" between the patient and people trying to help.
The breakthrough is achieved when the therapist purposely initiates
a series of statements to which the patient can agree. After
repeatedly agreeing with the therapist on a multitude of minor
decisions, the patient begins to feel good and the therapist allows
the patient to "invest" in this positive relationship. Then, with skill,
the therapist introduces the crucial decision. "So don't you think it's
really time for you go to rehab?" Faced with the option of agreeing
or offending the therapist, the patient often continues the "yes"
response.
The example above is highly effective because the patient not only
agrees to change the bad behavior but is immediately rewarded by
the continuation of their positive self-esteem and good feeling.

 Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory

suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all
our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid
disharmony (or dissonance). Attitudes may
change because of factors within the person. An
important factor here is the principle of cognitive
consistency, the focus of Festinger's (1957) theory
of cognitive dissonance. This theory starts from
the idea that we seek consistency in our beliefs
and attitudes in any situation where two
cognitions are inconsistent.

CONT.
Leon Festinger (1957) Proposed cognitive dissonance theory, which
states that a powerful motive to maintain cognitive consistency can
give rise to irrational and sometimes maladaptive behavior.
According to Festinger, we hold many cognitions about the world
and ourselves; when they clash, a discrepancy is evoked, resulting
in a state of tension known as cognitive dissonance. As the
experience of dissonance is unpleasant, we are motivated to reduce
or eliminate it, and achieve consonance (i.e. agreement).
Cognitive dissonance was first investigated by Leon Festinger,
arising out of a participant observation study of a cult which
believed that the earth was going to be destroyed by a flood, and
what happened to its members particularly the really committed
ones who had given up their homes and jobs to work for the cult
when the flood did not happen.
While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they
had made fools of themselves and to "put it down to experience",
committed members were more likely to re-interpret the evidence
to show that they were right all along (the earth was not destroyed
because of the faithfulness of the cult members).

PRINCIPLES
Dissonance results when an individual must
choose between attitudes and behaviors that
are contradictory.
Dissonance can be eliminated by reducing the
importance of the conflicting beliefs, acquiring
new beliefs that change the balance, or
removing the conflicting attitude or behavior

EXAMPLES
A cognition can be considered a belief.
If you like to smoke then this can be considered a
cognition.
If you like ice cream then this is another cognition.
Those two beliefs are not related to each other but if
one of them became dissonant with the other then
according to the Cognitive dissonance theory Cognitive
dissonance will happen.
For example if you like to smoke but you know that
smoking is harmful then that would result in Cognitive
dissonance.
The Cognitive dissonance theory states that when two
cognitions become dissonant Cognitive dissonance
happens.

 Example 1: Knowing that smoking is harmful

(First cognition) while liking to smoke (second
cognition). The Cognitive dissonance theory's
conditions were met because those cognitions
are dissonant
Example 2: Believing that lying is bad (First
cognition) and being forced to lie (second
cognition)
Example 3: Liking a friend (first cognition)
while knowing that he hates your brother
(second cognition)