Panay was named by Miguel Lopez

De Legazpi, after experiencing food

scarcity in Cebu. Panay: there is
food in Spanish.
The code of Kalantiaw , the epic of
Hinilawod , the legend of ten Bornean
datus in the epic of Maragtas.

Panay

Is composed of the provinces of Iloilo,

Antique, Aklan, Capiz, and the island
of Guimaras.
Ten Bornean datus who fled from the
despotic rule of Sultan Makatunaw.
-That the first inhabitants are the Ati
headed by Chief Marikudo.
In the barrier of Aninipay, Marikudo
sold the island of Panay to the ten
Bornean datus for a piece of golden
salakot.
The barrier is celebrated in the
Festival of Ati-atihan in Kalibo, Aklan ;
Dinagyang in Iloilo, and Binarayan in
Antique. Showcase: products, artistry,
creativity and craftsmanship.

Cloth weaving in Aklan and Oton, Iloilo

Arts and Crafts

Weaving is the primary form of arts and

crafts.
Iloilo- weaving Patadyong; is a wrap
around piece of cloth worn by women.
Colorful and features linear and
geometric designs.
Hand weaving of patadyong and hablon
is in Miag-ao, Iloilo. It is used w/
handlooms.
Paghahabol (weaving in Badiangan)
Jusi and Pinya (from indigenous

textile) popular at the 19th century.

Introduce by the cheap cotton cloth from the
west, dominated by the local textile.
Combined w/ farming by weeding the fields
and feeding animals.

Iloilo w/ weaving communities. (Arevalo,

Jaro, Molo)

Aklan weaving, extraction of fibers from

pineapple leaves. (2 months to prepare)

Process: snap the short leaves remove

the thoruy sides and scraped w/ a
broken china plate and pummeled by
hand to reveal the 1st set of
fibers(bastos). Scraped w/ coconut shell
to get the finer linawan fibers. When
about thousand leaves is scraped
washed partially sundried wrung
beaten by a bamboo stick to separate
the fibers fine fibers are line-dried
using a hair-comb tied on both ends
cut by a bamboo stick coiled in a clay
pot w/ sands.

Arts and Crafts

Negros Island

Buglas, old name of Negros

Highest peak is Mt. Kanlaon.
Island of so many Festivals;
Maskara Festival.

Weaving; roofing materials, walls,

hats and baskets using pandan and
buri leaves.
Pinya weaving in Bacolod,
materials are imported to Aklan.
Sinamay weaving in Valencia,
Negros Occidental. Sinamay is
made from abaca (Musa textiles)
twine indigenous plant similar to
banana.

Pinya
Barong

Sinamay

Bamboo wali material

In Aklan weaving; Baskets, trays,

mats is popular. They used pandan
and bariw to make their products.
Pagrarara (banig or mat weaving.)
Preparation to make a mat;
gathering of bariw leaves using
sangget - remove the thorny sides
of leaves by bukog - tie the leaves
together - sundry for two to three
days. When the bariw are already
deep brown - pound in a process of
palpag until the leaves become
soft tie into bundles pounded
again before stripping them into a
simple machine w/ blades called
balbalan. The strips are then
arranged to make a kiyapis that will
serve as a framework for a mat
called taytay before pagpapara will
take place. Then the weaver can
start the process of pagrarara.
Kapis shell, craft in Panay
particularly in Aklan and Iloilo. Used
for; lamps, decors, trays, souvenir
items.

Patadyong
cloth

Capiz shell

Lotus candle holder made from Capiz shell

ARTS and CRAFTS

Cebu

Oldest settlement established by

Spaniards, and second most
important metropolitan center of the
Philippines.
A.K.A. Queen City of the South,
City of Fashion and Designs,
ASEAN City of Culture/ASEAN
Cultural City.
Popular in many crafts leading
exporter of world-class furniture in
Southeast Asia.
Dubbed as Milan of Asia.

Vito Selma, Debbic Palao, Kenneth

Cobonpue, popular in the field of arts
and crafts.
Coconut shells, shells, bariw, rattan,
capiz and wood, materials used by
Cebu artists.
Fashion jewelries made of woods,
stones, and metals are among the
highly priced products.
Guitars from Cebu are also popular.

Furniture design by Vito Selma made from rattan and

other materials

Guitars in Cebu

other containers.

A delicacy known as pu-so or bodbod

their weaving in Culinary arts.

Pu-so, made from glutinous rice

wrapped in a carefully woven young
coconut leaves or talbos. This
weaving practice is also in; plain rice,
puto, bibingka, and molido.

Samar, Leyte and Biliran

The of Samar and Leyte speak

Cebuano, Waray-waray and other
languages; English and Filipino are
widely understood.
Kasadyaan Festival City; colors,
beauty and artistry.

Pu-so

Arts and Crafts

Samar is known for its hand woven

banig that are made from tikog leaves.
Tikog; waray term for bariw or
romblon.
There are two process in making
banig; lara and burda.
They also make baskets, bags, and

An old man weaving a basket

Bohol and Siquijor

Is known for its beautiful sceneries,

exotic foods, rare animals; malmag or
tarsier considered to be the smallest
primate, old churches, and basketry.
Chocolate hills, Legend tells that this
hills are from the tears of grief giant
when his love has been turned down by
an ordinary women in the area. Green
during spring but chocolate mounds by
summer.
Siquijor; famous for its beaches and
diving spots.

The municipality of Tubigon is known

to be the loom weaving center of the
province.

Old Spanish Church in Bohol

Tarsier

Chocolate Hills

Arts and Crafts

Basketry is in Antequera, most of the

weavers are women. They sold this
baskets in Cebu, Manila and Tagbilaran
City.

Weaving pattern; basket (diamond and flower motif)

Mindoro

Principal language of Mindoro is

Tagalog, it has been also
influenced by the native Visayan
and Mangyan languages.
It has been called Mai or Mait by
Chinese traders, by Spaniards as
Mina De Oro (Mine of gold).
Hanuno. language spoken by
Mangyans.
Also home to the Tamaraw or
Mindoro dwarf buffalo (Bubalus
mindorensis).

Division: The island was once a

single province from 1920
1950. On June 13,1950, by virtue
of Republic Act no. 505, Mindoro
was divided into:

Oriental Mindoro

Calapan City the only City in

the island; provincial capital.
Rice Granary and Fruit Basket of
Southern Tagalog.
Banana King and Calamansi King
of the region.

Home of Indigenous Mangyans

Its capital is Mamburao and
Occupies the western half of the
island of Mindoro.

Mangyan Culture

Mangyan cultural practices are in

danger of vanishing because of the
influence of modern lowland
culture. The literature of the
different Mangyan groups are sort
documentation; thus, mainstream
society lacks awareness of the
beauty of Mangyan culture and its
relevance to Filipino culture as a
whole.

Terminologies

Damuong the non-Mangyan

groups.
Hanunuo they considered
themselves as real, true or genuine
Mangyan.
Urukoy words of wisdom chanted
on festive occasion by elders of the
tribe.
Luka bamboo tube wherein the
ambahan is carved out.

Tau-buid

Mangyan
traditional house

 The

Mangyan
People

the Philippines, of the projected

population of 94 million in 2010, about
15% belong to indigenous groups.

Mangyan is the collective name for

the eight indigenous groups living
on Mindoro, each with its own
name, language, and set of
customs:

Mangyan Groups

There are around 300 million

indigenous peoples in the world. In

Iraya
Alangan
Tadyawan
Tau-buid
Bangon
Buhid
Hanunuo
Ratagnon

The Mangyan of Southern

Mindoro, Philippines, are
still practicing a pre-Spanish
syllabic writing system that was in
general use all over the Philippines
at the arrival of the Spaniards in the
16th century.
The Mangyan script, together with
the Northern-Buhid in Mindoro and
the Palawan scripts have been
declared by the National Museum
as National Cultural Treasure on
December 9, 1997.

Characteristics of
Ambahan

The ambahan is the

traditional poetry of
the Hanunuo
Mangyans of Oriental
Mindoro. It is usually
written on bamboo in
the Surat Mangyan,
a centuries-old preSpanish script. The
syllabic script and
the ambahan poetry
have complemented
each other,
contributing to their
continued existence
today.

It is a rhythmic poetic
expression with a meter of
seven syllabic lines.
Each line rhymed at the end.
It is most often presented as
a chant without a determined
musical pitch or
accompaniment by musical
instruments.
An expression in a riddle-like
form or in allegorical manner.
Varied in length and
complexity; for children it is
short and simple, for adult it
is lengthier and complicated.
Preserved by way of
inscribing them on bamboo
tubes.
Song contented were wide
range based on daily life
events.

Amang
father

bansay

Inang

suyong

mother

Danom

kagnan

water

Balay

labag

house

Niyog

bu-anay

coconut

Bagaw

duyan
talk

Iyaya lullaby

Ayung or Ngayung ritual chant

Igway Mangyan province music

Marayaw spirit song

Pamuybuyen (legend) it means fear of water

Bangsi is an external duct flute,

which has chip glued on to tube of
the flute.
Gitgit a three-stringed indigenous
violin with human hair for strings.
Lantoy is a nose flute.
Batiwtiw a bamboo instrument
from Mindoro about 40 cm long,
played by striking the split end of a
bamboo against the left palm.
Kinaban or Subing a bamboo
jaws harp. The jaw harp is a slim
bamboo instrument approximately of
ball-pen size, of different shapes
and lengths varying from 10 cm to
40 cm.
Kudlong or Kutiyapi is a twostringed lute shaped like a boat. It
has wooden tightening rods and
frets made of beeswax.

Kudlung a parallel of two-stringed

bamboo tube zither where the
bamboo strings were stretched out
of the tube itself.
Kalutang consists of two pieces of
wood graduated in sizes to produce
different notes ranges.
Buray-Dipay a bean-pod rattle
used with the kalutang instrument.
Agung ensemble consisting of two
light gongs played by two men
squatting on the floor. One plays the
gongs rim with padded sticks.

Marayaw as a genre of IrayaMangyan songs used to

communicate with spirits in
rituals for healing the sick or
protecting the community.

The Maranaw was once seen

by the Iraya as a symbol of
power or ones ability to cope
with the hazards of everyday life
as well as a way where one
gains control over events for his
own advantage.

Music for the Hanunuo is a part

of celebrating ordinary and
festive occasions;
Accompanying themselves with
their instruments as they recite
their love poems. During the
wedding rituals, song are sung,
musical instruments are played,
food is eaten and wine is drunk.
The songs of Mangyan are
lullabies, recollection of war
exploits in distant past,
lamentations, love lyrics and
stones based on persona.

Palawan

The Calamianes Group of Islands to

the Northeast consists of; Durangan
Island almost touches the western
most part of Palawan, Balabac Island
located off the southern tip,
separated from Borneo by the Balabac
Strait.
Palawan covers the Cuyo Island in the
Sulu Sea, Spratly Islands. Considered
as part of Palawan by the Philippines
and locally called the Kalayaan Group
of Islands.
The largest province in the
Philippines, is home to several
indigenous ethno linguistic groups.

Peoples of Palawan

1.

Batak means Mountain people in

Cuyonon is a group of indigenous
people that resides in the Northeast
portion of Palawan. They live in a rug
interiors of Northeastern Palawan.
Living close to nature, they are a
peaceful and shy people. This people
believe in nature spirits, with whom
they communicate through a babaylan
or medium.
Palaweos Native-born lowland
dwellers. They are religious,
disciplined and have a highly
developed community spirit.
Language: Cuyonon & Agutaynen.
Palawano A.K.A. Pala wan. Part of
the large Manobo-based linguistic
groups of Southern Philippines. Hunt
using soars and bamboo blowguns.
Tagbanwa People of the world
found in Central and Northern
Palawan. Central tagbanwa; they are
concentrated in the municipalities of
Aborlan, Quezon and Puerto
Princesa. Shifting cultivation of upland
rice, which is considered as divine
gift, and are known for their wine ritual
called pagdiwata.

2.

3.

4.

Issues
The struggles to save Palawan (known as the
Philippines Last Frontier) is not only about saving trees
and rare species. It is also about nourishing the Filipino
cultural heritage, so powerfully represented by those
indigenous communities that after escaping Spanish and
American colonization (while resisting the new mining
imperialism now) continue to represent the living roots
from which all Filipinos originate. Therefore, environmental
plundering by mining companies is not only a crime
against culture, a sort of genocide that annihilates the most
profound roots of the Filipinos history and ultimately
plunders the cultural heritage of the whole nation!!!


1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Vocal Music
Bagit
Kulial (Songs)
Tultul (Epic chant)
Ulit (Shamanic chant)

Instrumental Music
Suling (banded flute)
Basal (gong)
Kusyapiq (lute)
Pagang (bamboo zither)
Aruding (Jews harp)
Babarak (ring flute)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

The subtitle threads between Mankind and

Nature involve all our senses and more
particularly our auditive sensitivity. Capturing
tonalities, rhythms, and melodies, we can like a
bird fly down from the celestial vault to the Earth,
dwelling-place of highlander-islanders known as
the Palawan who live in the Southern part of the
island by the same name. this aural voyage will
take us to the realm of words, poetry, and music
as human creations which the Palawan uses to
communicate in order to live harmoniously in this
world.

Ulit (Shamanic chant)

The shaman sings the

difficult experience of the voyage of
his double, kuruduwa, by a specific
chant, the lumbaga, whose melody
is in all points assimil able to any
epic melodic line . And it is
precisely the ordeals that the soul
of the shaman overcomes in the
course of his voyage the
encounters with the Evil Doers,
Lnggam or Sqitan, the
discussions, the bargaining
engaged in with the invisible
Beings that constitute the
shamanic chant.

Tultul (Epic chant)

To sing tultul is to be
possessed by a Tw Tultultuln.
These Epic Heroes are a type of
humanity who live in the median
space and intercede between
people on this Earth and mpugq.
They are a Benevolent Humanity
protecting the Real Man. The act
of chanting thus doubles with the
embodiment, in the very person of
the bard, of these heroic and semidivine Beings. One can interpret
this relationship as an act of
possession in which the bard
becomes a medium.

Epics are always chanted at night,

ending and daybreak; it is forbidden to
sing when the sun shines and during the
day.

In the Central West highlands, is the Palawan Island.

One of the tribes in Palawan are the TAAGBANUAS. The
Tagbanuas has retained their ancient culture. The
Calamianes Group of Islands who elaborate funeral
celebrations. Five days after interment, the relatives goes
to the homes of the deceased to perform funeral rites.
Then the participants chant the Batac, a lengthy
song recounting the significant adventures of a mythical
person named DUMARACOL. The singing goes on for
three successive nights for evening till dawn.