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Vindhyan Basin
Cuddapah Basin
Kurnool Group
INTRODUCTION
A number of nearly flat-lying,
virtually unmetamorphosed and
partly deformed proterozoic
cratonic basins forms a significant
part of the Precambrian shield of
India.
These basins predominantly
contain orthoquartzite, shale,
carbonate suites varying in
thickness form 100 to 10,000 m
and deposited episodically, with
frequent breaks in sedimentation,
over a time span of about 1000
Ma.
These are called as Purana
basins in Indian Stratigraphy
(Holland, 1907), like the Riphean
of Russia with which these basins
have often been compared
because of their great similarities.
INTRODUCTION
The profound
unconformity between
crystalline basement
and the Purana basins,
seen in the field as a
sharp, erosional, angular
unconformity or nonconformity, marked
invariably by basal
conglomerate, was
called in early literature
the Great Eparchaean
Unconformity.
Vindhyan Basin
Vindhyan Basin
The largest single Purana
basin in the Indian
Peninsular Shield is the
spectacular, sickle
shaped, ENE trending
Vindhyan Basin, situated
on the Bundlekhand
craton.
Covers on exposed area
of 60,000 sq.km and a
concealed area of
1,62,000 sq.km under the
Indo-Gangetic Alluvium
and Deccan Trap.
Bhandar
Group
(1300-1500 m)
Rewa Group
(100-300 m)
Kaimur Group
(400 m)
Semri Group
(3000-4000 m)
Formation
Alternative names
Maihar Sandstone
Sirbu Shale
Bundi Hill Sandstone
Ganurgarh Shale
---------------------------Disconformity
(Upper Bhandar Sst., Divided into Bhavpur Sh. Balwan Lst. Shikaoda Sst)
Govindgarh Sandstone
Drummondganj Sandstone
Jhiri Shale
Asan Sandstone
Panna Shale
------------------------Normal Contact
Dhandraul Quartzite
Mangesar Formation
Bijaigarh Shale
Markundi Sandstone
Ghurma Shale
Sasaram Sandstone
---------------------------Unconformity
Suket Shale
Rohtas Limestone
Chorhat Sandstone
Bargawan Limestone
Kheinjua Shale
Chopan Porcellanite
Kajrahat Limestone
Arangi Shale
Deoland Sandstone
--------------Angular Unconformity
(Baghwar shale)
(Nimbahera Lst., Divided into Bari Sh., Jiran Sst. and Khori Malan Cong.
(Gluconite Bed, Rampur Sst., Basuhari Sst, Tiohan Breccia)
(Salkhan Lst., Fawn Lst., Chorhat Lst., Tirohan Lst.)
(Olivine sh., Koldaha sh., Binota Sh.,)
(Deonar Proc.)
(Kuteshwar Lst., Bhagwanpura Lst., Tirohan Lst., Lohar Dol.)
/ Gradational Contact--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Variegated Shale)
(Lower Rewa Sandstone., Itwa Sandstone., Kanar Sandstone.)
/ Facies Change----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ghaghar Sandstone)
(Susnai Breccia)
(Lower Kaimur Sandstone)
/Normal Contact-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suket Shale
Rohtas Limestone
Chorhat Sandstone
Bargawan Limestone
Kheinjua Shale
Chopan Porcellanite
Kajrahat Limestone
Arangi Shale
Deoland Sandstone
--------------Angular Unconformity
(Baghwar shale)
(Nimbahera Lst., Divided into Bari Sh., Jiran Sst. and Khori Malan Cong.
(Gluconite Bed, Rampur Sst., Basuhari Sst, Tiohan Breccia)
(Salkhan Lst., Fawn Lst., Chorhat Lst., Tirohan Lst.)
(Olivine sh., Koldaha sh., Binota Sh.,)
(Deonar Proc.)
(Kuteshwar Lst., Bhagwanpura Lst., Tirohan Lst., Lohar Dol.)
(Khardeola Sst., Pandwafall Sst.)
/ Non-conformity----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Granites and Supercrustals
Kaimur Group
(400 m)
Dhandraul Quartzite
Mangesar Formation
Bijaigarh Shale
Markundi Sandstone
Ghurma Shale
Sasaram Sandstone
---------------------------Unconformity
(Ghaghar Sandstone)
(Susnai Breccia)
(Lower Kaimur Sandstone)
/Normal Contact-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dhandraul Quartzite
Mangesar Formation
Bijaigarh Shale
Markundi Sandstone
Ghurma Shale
Sasaram Sandstone
---------------------------Unconformity
(Ghaghar Sandstone)
(Susnai Breccia)
(Lower Kaimur Sandstone)
/Normal Contact-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Govindgarh Sandstone
Drummondganj Sandstone
Jhiri Shale
Asan Sandstone
Panna Shale
------------------------Normal Contact
/ Facies Change----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Govindgarh Sandstone
Drummondganj Sandstone
Jhiri Shale
Asan Sandstone
Panna Shale
------------------------Normal Contact
/ Facies Change----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bhandar
Group
(1300-1500 m)
Maihar Sandstone
Sirbu Shale
Bundi Hill Sandstone
Ganurgarh Shale
---------------------------Disconformity
(Upper Bhandar Sst., Divided into Bhavpur Sh. Balwan Lst. Shikaoda Sst)
/ Gradational Contact--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maihar Sandstone
Sirbu Shale
Bundi Hill Sandstone
Ganurgarh Shale
---------------------------Disconformity
(Upper Bhandar Sst., Divided into Bhavpur Sh. Balwan Lst. Shikaoda Sst)
/ Gradational Contact--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Age
Age
Cuddapah Basin
---------Paraconformity----------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
--------------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
Kundair Subgroup
Kurnool
Group
(75-150 m)
(200 -450 m)
-------------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
(120-260 m)
---------------------------
Cuddapah
Supergroup
Chitravati Group
(4900-5000 m)
Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Papaghni Group
(2100 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
Cuddapah
Supergroup
Chitravati Group
(4900-5000 m)
Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Papaghni Group
(2100 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
Cuddapah
Supergroup
Chitravati Group
(4900-5000 m)
Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Papaghni Group
(2100 m)
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
Cuddapah
Supergroup
Chitravati Group
(4900-5000 m)
Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Papaghni Group
(2100 m)
Cuddapah
Supergroup
-----------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
-------Paraconformity---------------
---------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Chitravati Group
Gandikota Quartzite (300 m), Tadpatri Formation (4600 m), Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Cuddapah
Supergroup
-----------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
-------Paraconformity---------------
---------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Chitravati Group
Gandikota Quartzite (300 m), Tadpatri Formation (4600 m), Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Cuddapah
Supergroup
-----------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
-------Paraconformity---------------
---------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Chitravati Group
Gandikota Quartzite (300 m), Tadpatri Formation (4600 m), Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Cuddapah
Supergroup
-----------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
-------Paraconformity---------------
---------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Chitravati Group
Gandikota Quartzite (300 m), Tadpatri Formation (4600 m), Pulivendla Quartzite (1-75 m)
Kurnool
Group
(200 -450 m)
Cuddapah
Supergroup
-----------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
-------Paraconformity---------------
---------------------------
----------Unconformity----------------
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
-----------Unconformity --------------
-----------------------------------------------------
Nallamalai Group
(3500- 6000 m)
Cumbum Formation
Pullampet Formation
Bairenkonda Quartzite (1500 m)
Nagari Quartzite (4000 m)
---------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Papaghni Group
Kurnool Group
Jammalamadagu Subgroup:
Banganapalle Conglomerate clasts of chert and vein quartz set in a
feeruginous matrix, which is similar to beach gravel formed by
transgressive seas.
Well known for placer diamonds derived from kimberlites within and
around the basin.
Associated glauconitic sandstones suggest tidal flat environment.
The dark grey Narji Limestone indicates restricted circulation, and the
intercalated glauconitic sandstone suggests shallow marine conditions.
Auk Shale (Owk Shale) is siliceous and shows near-shore features.
Kurnool
Group
(200 -450 m)
Kundair
Subgroup
(75-150 m)
------------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
---------Paraconformity--------------
---------------------------------------------------------
(120-260 m)
Banganapalle Quartzite (10-50 m)
Kurnool Group
Kundair Subgroup:
Paniam Quartzite high degree of roundness and spericity
and mega cross beding suggests near shore environment.
Koilkuntla Limestone is a micritic grey limestone deposited
in a shallow marine reducing environment.
Nandyal Shale Purple calcareous shale with interbedded
limestone indicates shallow marine conditions.
The Kurnool sub-basin therefore witnessed strandline, near
shore to shallow marine conditions.
Kurnool
Group
(200 -450 m)
Kundair
Subgroup
(75-150 m)
------------------------Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
---------Paraconformity--------------
---------------------------------------------------------
(120-260 m)
Banganapalle Quartzite (10-50 m)
Age
Pre-Cuddapah basement dyies are to two
prominent ages at ~2100 and ~2400 Ma.
Rb-Sr dating-dolerite and picrite sills of
Pulivendla Formation gives an age of ~1800
Ma.
K-Ar ages some dolerite dykes underlying
the Cuddapah basin are also similar at ~1800
Ma.
These dates also correspond to the ageof U
mineralization in Lower Cuddapah carbonates
at ~1800 Ma.
Some dolerite dykes of ~1650 Ma age belong
to this event.
The age of galena and micas in Cumbum
shales (1350-1450 Ma).
Younger events recorded by mineral ages
range from 500 to950 Ma, which may span the
time of evolution of Kurnool and Palnad subbasins.
Kimerlites in the granitic basement near the
Cuddapah basin generally have an age of ~
1050 Ma.
Diamondiferous conglomerate having
kimberlite as its source for diamond, and RbSr age of 980 Ma for dolerite dyke intruding
Kuronool sub-basin sugggests Neoproterozoic
age for Kurnool Group.
Neoproterozic Age
Kurnool
Group
Kunai Subgroup
Jammalamadugu
Subgroup
Early
Mesoprotrozoic Age
Early
Mesoprotrozoic Age
Srisailam
Quartzite
Cuddapah
Supergroup
Nallamalai Group
Early
Mesoprotrozoic Age
Chitravati Group
Palaeoproterozoic
Age
Papaghni Group