HATCH

An opening as in the deck of a ship

Cargo holds are fitted with hatch
covers to prevent the contact of
cargo with outer atmosphere i.e. air,
moisture, weather and water and to
avoid cargo from getting wet.
Another important function of hatch
cover is to maintain the water tight
integrity of the ship at all sea going
condition by not allowing any ingress
of water inside the cargo hold and
disrupting the stability of the ship.

MAIN DECK
The main deck of a ship is the
uppermost complete deck extending
from bow to stern

The main deck may act as a tension

member when the ship is supported
by a single wave amidships, or as a
compression member when the ship
is supported between waves forward
and aft.

MAST
The mast of a sailing vessel is a tall
spar, or arrangement of spars,
erected more or less vertically on
the center-line of a ship or boat. Its
purposes include carrying sail,
spars, and derricks, and giving
necessary height to a navigation
light, look-out position, signal yard,
control position, radio aerial or
signal lamp.

RUDDER
A rudder is a device used to steer a
ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft,
aircraft, or other conveyance that
moves through a medium (generally
air or water).

PROPELLER
A propeller is a type of fan that transmits
power by converting rotational motion into
thrust. A pressure difference is produced
between the forward and rear surfaces of
the airfoil-shaped blade, and a fluid (such as
air or water) is accelerated behind the blade.
Propeller dynamics can be modelled by both
Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law.
A marine propeller is sometimes colloquially
known as a screw propeller or screw.

SOUNDING PIPE
In nautical terms, the word sound is
used to describe the process of
determining the depth of water in a
tank or under a ship. Tanks are
sounded to determine if they are
full (for cargo tanks) or empty (to
determine if a ship has been holed)
and for other reasons. Soundings
may also be taken of the water
around a ship if it is in shallow
water to aid in navigation.

BOW THRUSTER
A bow thruster or stern thruster is a
transversal propulsion device built
into, or mounted to, either the bow
or stern, of a ship or boat, to make
it more maneuverable

CRUDE OIL
WASHING
Crude oil washing (COW) is washing
out the residue from the tanks of an
oil tanker using the crude oil cargo
itself, after the cargo tanks have
been emptied. Crude oil is pumped
back and preheated in the slop
tanks, then sprayed back via high
pressure nozzles in the cargo tanks
onto the walls of the tank.