SOURCES OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION/INEQUALITY

&
ROLE AND STATUS OF FILIPINO WOMEN IN
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
By:
Cord Cruz, Karen Mae
Corilla, Zenith
Cristobal, Abigail
Ricasata, Allen Kate

BASIC SOURCES

Tradition/Culture
Marriage
Politics
Forced sterilization and forced

abortion

Tradition/Culture
In India, when a Hindu woman is

menstruating, in many traditional households,

she is considered to be unclean or impure.

Tradition/Culture
Men tend to outnumber women in professions

such as law enforcement, the military, and

politics.
Women tend to outnumber men in carerelated occupations such as childcare,
healthcare, and social work.

Stereotyping on the basis of sex

Stereotyping on the basis of sex

Common example:
Girls are bad at math.

In reality:
Girls and women are just as capable as boys and

men when it comes to math.

Stereotyping on the basis of sex

Girls
Boys

Pink
Blue.

Stereotyping on the basis of sex

Every time we see someone riding a motorcycle

and assume, without looking closely, that they
are male, we are engaging in gender
stereotyping.

Stereotyping on the basis of sex

Some examples of gender stereotype:
Men will become doctors while women will become nurses.
Boys are good in playing football while girls are good in playing

volleyball.
Women are supposed to have "clean jobs" such as secretaries,
teachers, and librarians.
Men do "dirty jobs" such as construction and mechanics; they
are not secretaries, teachers, or cosmetologists.
Guys are messy and unclean.
Men do not cook, sew, or do crafts.
Women do not have technical skills and are not good at "hands
on" projects such as car repairs.
Men are the breadwinners while women stay at home to take
care of the family.

Our gender is only part of who

we are; it does not define us
as people.

REINFORCING FACTORS

Home/Family
Parents - play a vital part in a childs early life.
Siblings -Apart from parents, children also

seek reinforcement from their older siblings.

Peers - Interaction with peer groups will often
shape peoples behavior to fit normative
expectations.

Church/Religion
Religious beliefs and practices

School/Education
The role of academic achievement in

determining popularity also differs

considerably between genders.
Girls are more likely to value effort over
inherent ability, while the opposite is true for
boys.

Media/Public Opinion
Children learn about different gender

categories by observing various forms of

media.
In childrens literature:
Male characters more central, less emotional and

stronger.
Female characters - more dependent

Workplace/ Employment
Wage gap
Organizational
power
Employment
opportunities

Community
Parenting &
Marriage
Gender
Discrimination
Television &
film

Government

Law/ Judicial system

Discriminatory Family Code
Philippine taxation law

Role and Status of

Filipino Women in
Contemporary Society

Pre-Spanish

Family life
a baby girl was as welcome as a boy
at marrying age:

Dowry would be given to the family by the

groom
Paninilbihan

Family life
divorce was allowed
men walked behind the women
virginity was of little value
did not like to give birth many times
enjoyed freedom in making decisions for the

family

Politics and Governance

Women were not barred from acquiring high

ranks in society
Gender was not an issue in terms of

leadership succession

Religious activities
Role of

a Babaylan

Spanish and American

Period and World War
II

Spanish Period
women were turned into objects of

suppression
most were not given an opportunity to an
education
women were no longer allowed to hold high
positions and participate in political activities

Spanish Period
Typical Maria

Clara or
mahinhing
dalaga stereo
type

American Period
Women were freed to social and political

restrictions
Acquire opportunities of higher education

World War II
women suffered sexual slavery
women serve on the

battlefield as nurses,
water bearers
and cooks

Post World War II to

Present

 Filipino women enjoyed greater equality

Filipino women have proven that they are

capable of carrying out responsibilities and

tasks as well as their male counterparts
Attain higher education
They are considered as a chief financial in the
family
Despite foreign influence, courtship and
relationship in the Philippines is considered
conservative.

The End!
Thank you!

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