Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Overview
Organism
History
Epidemiology
Transmission
Disease in Humans
Disease in Animals
Prevention and Control
Organism
Clostridium botulinum
Gram
positive
Obligate anaerobic bacillus
Spores
Ubiquitous
Resistant to heat, light, drying and radiation
Specific conditions for germination
Anaerobic conditions
Warmth (10-50oC)
Mild alkalinity
Neurotoxins
Neurotoxins
Neurotoxin
Human
Horses
Cattle
X
X
Sheep
Dogs
X
X
Avian
X
X
Structure of a BoNT
Zinc-endopeptidase
activity
specific for different protein
components of vesicle fusion.
50 kDa
Translocates L chain
Responsible
3D Representation
History
History
Transmission
Transmission
Ingestion
Organism
Spores
Neurotoxin
Wound contamination
Inhalation
Person-to-person not documented
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
25% food-borne
Approximately 72% infant form
Remainder wound form
Case-fatality rate
5-10%
Epidemiology
- 59 people
Poorly preserved jalapeno peppers
Alaska
27%
Disease in Humans
Human Disease
Three forms
Foodborne
Wound
Infant
Foodborne Botulism
110
100
90
Reported Cases
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1982
1987
1992
Year
MMWR
1997
2002
Infant Botulism
110
100
90
Reported Cases
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1982
1987
1992
Year
MMWR
1997
2002
Wound Botulism
Constipation
Lethargy
Poor feeding
Weak cry
Bulbar palsies
Failure to thrive
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Toxin in serum, stool, gastric
aspirate, suspected food
Culture of stool or gastric aspirate
Takes
5-7 days
in 48 hours
Treatment
Botulinum antitoxin
Derived
Prevention and
Control
Human: Prevention
Do not feed honey to children <1 yr of age
Proper food preservation methods
common source
Large number of acute cases clustered
Uncommon toxin type (C, D, F, G)
events
Additional Resources
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/
diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm
http://www.hopkinsbiodefense.org/pages/agents/agentbotox.html
Acknowledgments
Development of this
presentation was funded
by a grant from the
Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention to the
Center for Food Security
and Public Health at Iowa
State University.
Acknowledgments
Author:
Co-author:
Reviewers:
Mechanism