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xdy ydx
y
d
x
x2
y
xdy ydx
d arctan
2
2
x
x
y xdy ydx
d arctan 2
x
x y2
y
where : u
x
xdy ydx
2
x
2
y
1
x
From
xdy ydx
du
x2
xdy ydx
2
x
y2
1 2
x
xdy ydx
y
d arctan
x
x2 y 2
xdy ydx
2
x
2
x y2
x2
Answer
d (arctan u )
du
1 u2
xdy ydx
x2
2
2
x
x y2
Process :
1. Regroup terms of like degree to form
equations from those exact differentials
given.
2. Substitute the terms with their
corresponding equivalent of exact
differentials.
3. Integrate.
4. Simplify further.
Examples :
1. y(2 xy 1)dx xdy 0
2 xy 2 dx ydx xdy 0
Group terms of like degree
2 xy dx ( ydx xdy ) 0
2
2 xy 2 dx ( ydx xdy ) 0
y2
ydx xdy
2 xdx
0
y2
Divide by y2
ydx xdy
....2 xdx
0
y2
x
2 xdx d 0
y
x
ydx xdy
From d
2
y
y
x
2 xdx d 0
y
x2 x
2 c
2 y
By power formula
x2 x
......2 c
2 y
2 x
x y c y
x y x cy
2
x( xy 1) cy
Answer
2. y ( x3 y )dx x( x3 y )dy 0
3
2
4
x ydx y dx x dy xydy 0
Group terms of like degree
( x ydx x dy ) ( y dx xydy ) 0
3
From :
x
ydx xdy
d
2
y
y
x
d
(
xy
)
Since we cant integrate x d
0 directly
y
y
3
3 x d xy
k n
0 x y
x d
y
y
3 x k n d xy k n
x d x y
x y 0
y
y
x3k x k n1
d x y d ( xy ) 0
n
y
y
x3k x k n1
d x y d ( xy ) 0
n
y
y
Solve for k and n.
x
@d
y
x 3 k
y n
Equate :
3 k n
@d xy
xk
y n 1
Equate :
k n 1
Substitute 2 in 1 .
3 (n 1) n
2n 2
n 1
Substitute n in 1 .
3 k (1)
k 1 3
k 2
x3k x k n1
d x y d ( xy ) 0
n
y
y
x3( 2) x 2 11
d x y d ( xy ) 0
( 1)
y
y
x x d ( xy)
d 2 2 0
y y x y
x x d ( xy )
d
0 Integrate each term
2
y y xy
x x
d ( xy)
d
0
2
y y
( xy)
By power formula
x x
d ( xy)
...... d
0
2
y y
( xy)
2
x
1
y
xy
c 0
2
1
Multiply by 2
1 x 2
1
c
0 2
xy
2
2 y
x 2
c 0
2
y xy
Answer
c
where : c
2
3. y ( x 2 y 2 1)dx x( x 2 y 2 1)dy 0
y ( x y )dx x( x y )dy xdy ydx 0
2
Divide by (x2+y2)
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
(x y )
(x y )
(x y )
2
xdy ydx
( ydx xdy ) 2
0
2
x y
xdy ydx
......( ydx xdy ) 2
0
2
x y
from
y
d ( xy ) d arctan
d ( xy ) ydx xdy
x
y xdy ydx
d arctan
x
x2 y 2
d ( xy ) d arctan x
y
xy arctan c Answer
x
x=1,y=1
0
y
y
y
dy
xyd ( xy ) xd ( x) 2 0
from d ( xy) ydx xdy
y
Integrate each term
dy
xyd ( xy) xd ( x) 2 y 0
By power formula
dy
...... xyd ( xy ) xd ( x) 2
0
y
xy
x2
2 ln y c Multiply by 2 to
eliminate fractions
2
2
xy 2 x 2
2 ln y c 2
2
2
( xy ) 2 x 2 4(ln y ) 2c where 2c = c
x y x 4(ln y ) c
2
x ( y 1) 4(ln y ) c
2
Solve for c :
(1 1 ) 1 4(ln1) c
2
20 c
c2
Substitute c in the general solution
x ( y 1) 4(ln y ) 2
2
x=2,y=0
x
ydy
x
dx
x
dx
y
dy 0
x
dx
x
dx
dy 0 By power formula
( xy ) 2 x 4 x3 y 4
c
2
4 3 4
( xy ) 2 x 4 x3 y 4
......
c
2
4 3 4
Multiply by their LCD = 12 to eliminate the fractions
( xy)2 x 4 x3 y 4
2 4 3 4 c 12
6( xy ) 3x 4 x 3 y c
2
When x = 2 , y = 0
Solve for c :
c 16
Substitute c in the general solution
6( xy ) 2 3x 4 4 x3 3 y 4 16
6 x y 3x 3 y 4 x 16
2 2
4
4
3
3(2 x y x y ) 4( x 4) particular solution
2