Workshop 4

Beam Modeling

Building Frame

4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Workshop Supplement

Given: A database file containing the geometry with

material properties defined.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

Determine the deflections and stresses in a building frame

due to gravity and a "snow load" of 0.25 psi.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Workshop Supplement

Enter ANSYS in the working directory specified by your instructor using bldg as the
jobname.

2.

Resume the bldg-geom.db1 database file, then plot lines to see the complete
geometry.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

1.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Define three I-beam sections and one box-beam section, then save the database.

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Sections > -Beam- Common Sectns ..
ID = 1, Name = column, Sub-Type = I

W1 = 12, W2 = 12, W3 = 12.12, t1 = 0.605, t2 = 0.605, t3 = 0.39

[Apply]
ID = 2, Name = girder, Sub-Type = I

W1 = 10.425, W2 = 10.425, W3 = 16.97, t1 = 0.985, t2 = 0.985, t3 = 0.585

[Apply]
ID = 3, Name = beam, Sub-Type = I

W1 = 6.535, W2 = 6.535, W3 = 8.06, t1 = 0.465, t2 = 0.465, t3 = 0.285

[Apply]
ID = 4, Name = peak, Sub-Type = (hollow rectangle)

W1 = 6, W2 = 6, t1 = 0.25, t2 = 0.25, t3 = 0.25, t4 = 0.25

[OK]

Toolbar > SAVE_DB

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

3.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
(cont'd)

Or issue:
/PREP7
SECTYPE,1,BEAM,I,COLUMN
SECDATA,12,12,12.12,.605,.605,.39
SECTYPE,2,BEAM,I,GIRDER
SECDATA,10.425,10.425,16.97,.985,.985,.585
SECTYPE,3,BEAM,I,BEAM
SECDATA,6.535,6.535,8.06,.465,.465,.285
SECTYPE,4,BEAM,HREC,PEAK
SECDATA,6,6,.25,.25,.25,.25,0,0,0,0
SAVE

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

3.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Mesh the vertical lines with "column" beams.

Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cartesian

Utility Menu > Select > Entities...

Choose Lines, By Location, Z Coordinates; Min, Max = 0, 119

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

Main Menu > Preprocessor > MeshTool

Element Attributes: set to [Lines] and press [Set]

[Pick All]
MAT = 1, TYPE = 1, SECT = 1, Pick Orientation keypoints = Yes, [OK]
Enter 102 in the Input Window for orientation keypoint and press the Enter key, then
[OK]

Size Controls: Lines: press [Set]

[Pick All]
NDIV = 4, then [OK]

Mesh: set to [Lines] and press [Mesh]

[Pick All]

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Size and Shape ...

/ESHAPE = ON

[OK]

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

4.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
(cont'd)

Or issue:
CSYS,0
LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0,119
LATT,1,,1,,102,,1
LESIZE,ALL,,,4
LMESH,ALL
/ESHAPE,1
EPLOT

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

4.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Mesh the horizontal lines with "girder" beams.

Select Entities:

Choose Lines, By Location, Y Coordinates; Min, Max = 480

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

Min, Max = 240

Also Select, [Apply], [Replot]

Min, Max = 0

Also Select, [Apply], [Replot]

Z Coordinates; Min, Max = 0,119

Unselect, [Apply], [Replot]

MeshTool:

Element Attributes: [Lines]: press [Set]

[Pick All]
MAT = 1, TYPE = 1, SECT = 2, Pick Orientation keypoints = Yes, [OK]
Enter 101 for orientation keypoint and press the Enter key, then [OK]

Size Controls: Lines: press [Set]

[Pick All]
NDIV = 6, then [OK]

Press [Mesh]
[Pick All]

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

5.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
(cont'd)

Or issue:
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,480
LSEL,A,LOC,Y,240
LSEL,A,LOC,Y,0
LSEL,U,LOC,Z,0,119
LATT,1,,1,,101,,2
LESIZE,ALL,,,6
LMESH,ALL

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

5.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Mesh the sloping lines with "peak" beams.

Select Entities:

Choose Lines, By Location, Z Coordinates; Min, Max = 121, 165

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

MeshTool:

Element Attributes: [Lines]: press [Set]

[Pick All]
MAT = 1, TYPE = 1, SECT = 4, Pick Orientation keypoints = Yes, [OK]
Enter 103 for orientation keypoint and press the Enter key, then [OK]

Size Controls: Lines: press [Set]

[Pick All]
NDIV = 4, then [OK]

Press [Mesh]

[Pick All]
Or issue:
LSEL,S,LOC,Z,121,165
LATT,1,,1,,103,,4
LESIZE,ALL,,,4
LMESH,ALL

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Mesh the remaining lines with "beam" beams.

Select Entities:

Choose Lines, By Attributes, Section ID num; Min, Max = 1,4

From Full, [Apply], [Invert], [Plot]

MeshTool:

Element Attributes: [Lines]: press [Set]

[Pick All]
MAT = 1, TYPE = 1, SECT = 3, Pick Orientation keypoints = Yes, [OK]
Enter 101 for orientation keypoint and press the Enter key, then [OK]

Size Controls: Lines: press [Set]

[Pick All]
NDIV = 6, then [OK]

Press [Mesh]

[Pick All]
Or issue:
LSEL,S,SEC,,1,4
LSEL,INVE
LATT,1,,1,,101,,3
LESIZE,ALL,,,6
LMESH,ALL

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

7.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Mesh the roof areas with shell elements.

MeshTool:

Element Attributes: set to [Global]: press [Set]

TYPE = 2, MAT = 1, ESYS = 0, SECNUM = "No Section"
[OK]

Mesh: set to [Areas]

Shape: set to "Quad" and "Free"

Press [Mesh]

[Pick All]
Or issue:
TYPE,2
SECNUM,0
AMESH,ALL

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

8.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
Coat the roof elements with surface effect elements.

Select Entities:

Choose Elements, By Elem Name, 93

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

Choose Nodes, Attached to Elements

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

MeshTool:

Element Attributes: set to [Global]: press [Set]

TYPE = 3, MAT = 1, ESYS = 0, SECNUM = "No Section"
[OK]

Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > Elements > -Surf / Contact- Surf Effect > -Generl Surface- No extra Node +

[Pick All]
Or issue:
ESEL,S,ENAME,,93
NSLE,S
TYPE,3
ESURF,ALL

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

9.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
11. Load step 1: Apply gravity loading in the Z-direction.

Main Menu > Solution > -Loads- Apply > Gravity

ACELZ = 386

[OK]
Or issue:
ACEL,,,386

12. Select everything, save the database, and solve load step 1.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

10. Fix the base nodes (the nodes at Z=0) in all directions.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Select Entities:

Choose Elements, By Attributes, Elem type num; Min, Max = 3

From Full, [Apply], [Plot]

Main Menu > Solution > -Loads- Apply > Pressure > On Elements +

[Pick All]

LKEY = 5

VALUE = 0.25

VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 = 0, 0, -1

[OK]

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols

/PBC = All Applied BC's

/PSF = Pressures

Show pres and convect as Arrows

[OK]
Or issue:
ESEL,S,TYPE,,3
SFE,ALL,5,PRES,,0.25,0,0,-1
/PSF,PRES,,2
EPLOT

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

13. Load step 2: Apply the pressure load on all surface effect elements.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Workshop Supplement

15. Enter POST1 (General Postprocessor) and read results for load step 1 (first set).
16. Unselect the shell and surface effect elements (types 2 & 3) and plot the deformed
shape.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

14. Select everything, save the database, and solve load step 2.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

17. Read results for load step 2 (next set) and plot the deformed shape. If desired,
animate the deformed shape.

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

Workshop Supplement

19. For clarity, turn off element outlines.

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Edge Options

/GLINE = None

/REPLOT = Replot

[OK]
Or issue:
/GLINE,,-1
/REPLOT

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

18. Reselect elements with Section ID = 1 (columns) and plot SX stresses (i.e., axial +
bending stresses).

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

20. Plot SX stresses for the "girder" beams (section ID = 2).

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

21. Plot SX stresses for the "beam" beams (section ID = 3).

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4. Beam Modeling

Building Frame
23. Finally, exit ANSYS without saving anything.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 2

22. Plot SX stresses for the "peak" beams (section ID = 4).

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