ELECTRICITY

A source of our life

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY??

Electricity is a form of energy that can be easily changed to other forms.

Or

A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (electrons or

protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge.

Sources of Electricity.
1. Power Station
It helps in development of alternate
current and its transmission using
transformer to transmit power at
high voltage and with low loss.

2. Electric cell(Batteries)
Device consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells that convert
stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.

WHAT IS ELECTRIC CURRENT?

An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charges in a circuit.

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Electric Charges
Electric charges are
made up of positive
charges (protons) and
negative charges
(electrons).
When these charges flow
in a circuit, a current is
produced.

HOW TO MEASURE CURRENT?

The SI unit for electric current is Ampere (A).

An ammeter is an instrument used for measuring

electric current.

Ammeter must be connected in series in the circuit.

Positive side of ammeter must be connects nearest

to the positive terminal of the battery and vice
versa.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Electric components must be joined

together without any gap in between to
form a Electric circuit.

Component refer to bulb, wires, battery

and when these are joined together to
form a circuit without any gap made a
Closed Circuit.

Incomplete circuit which have gap in

between or a component is missing leads
to a circuit called open circuit.

connecting
wires
Electric cell

Light bulb

connecting
wire is
missing

Circuit board

no source
of electrical
energy

Circuit Diagram of Electric Circuit

SWITCHES
A switch is used to open or close
a circuit.
Main switches are being used in
building to break the circuit.
Open circuit do not light the bulb
when switch is open.

Close circuit bulb will light up

when the switch is closed.

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

There are two types in which an electric circuit can be arranged.

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Series Circuit

Parallel circuit

A series circuit connects the

components one after the other.

A parallel circuit divides into two or

more branches.

A single loop is formed.

A break in any part of a series stop the

flow of current in the whole circuit.

The current divides and flows through

each parallel branch.

If a component breaks or is removed,

the other component remain on .

VOLTAGE
An electric cell gives energy to the electrons and pushes them round a circuit. Voltage
is a measure of how much energy the electros receive.
Different voltages are supplied by different cells and batteries.

1.5 V Dry Cell

12 V Car Battery

HOW TO MEASURE VOLTAGE?

The SI unit for voltage is volt (V).

A Voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring

voltage.

Voltmeter must be connected parallel to the circuit.

The positive side of voltmeter is connected to the

positive terminal of the cell, and vice versa.

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF THE CURRENT

A straight wire is placed near
a compass. When an electric
current flows through the
wire, the compass needle is
deflected. This shows that
an electric current has a
magnetic effect.

curre
nt in
wire
compass
needle is
deflected

ELECTROMAGNET
An electromagnet is a magnet that is made by using electricity.

coil of wire
iron core

It consist of a wire coiled around a

metal rod (eg. Iron)

compass needle is
strongly attracted to
iron core

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AN ELECTROMAGNET AND A

MAGNET
Electromagnet

Magnet

A temporary magnet which can

be turned on and off using
electric current.

A permanent magnet which

retains magnetism until it is
purposely demagnetized (spoilt).

Electromagnet can be made

stronger or weaker.

Magnet remains
strength.

the

same

ELECTRICITY IN TODAYS ERA!

In the 19th and early 20th century, electricity was not a part of the everyday
life of many people, even in the industrialized western world.
As the public familiarity with electricity as the livelihood of the second
industrial revolution grew, its wielders were more often cast in a positive
light.
With electricity ceasing to be a novelty and becoming a necessity of
everyday life in the later half of 20th century, it require particular attention by
popular culture only when it stop flowing.