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Rocks
What is a rock?
A rock is a naturally formed
aggregate composed of one
or more minerals
What is a Mineral?
A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic crystalline solid
with a definite chemical composition and identifying
physical properties
naturally formed
formed by geologic processes in nature, not by humans
inorganic
was never alive
crystalline solid
a solid composed of atoms arranged in a repeating orderly
framework
Elements:
fundamental building blocks
smallest matter that cant be broken down
(largest)
Garnet
Quartz
Amethyst
Smoky quartz
Figure 1.8
Pyrite
Potassium feldspar
Galena
Have a metallic luster
Fluorite
Halite
Figure 1.11
Calcite
Mohs
Hardness
Scale
10. Taste
Halite (rock salt) tastes salty
11. Magnetism
magnetite attracts a magnet
X g/cm3
= -------------1 g/cm3
= X
Mineral Classes
Silicate Minerals
Non-silicate Minerals
Silicate Minerals
Silicate Minerals
Two
Illustrations
of the
SiO4
Tetrahedron
Framework Silicates:
(potassium feldspar, sodium and calcium plagioclase feldspar, quartz)
Halides: contain F 1-, Cl 1-, Br 1-, or I 1 NaCl (halite), KCl (sylvite), CaF2 (fluorite)
Native Copper
Polymorphs
Pseudomorphs
Pseudomorphs are minerals that have
the same crystal form but a different
chemical composition
Limonite forms cubic pseudomorphs
after pyrite
Quartz forms pseudomorphs after
fluorite
MINERAL GROUPS
Non-ferromagnesian
Silicates (K, Na, Ca,
Al)
Ferromagnesian
Silicates (Fe, Mg)
Oxides
Carbonates
Sulfides/sulfates
Native elements