POLICE LINE DO NOT ENTER

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POLICE LINE DO NOT E

Scene of Crime Operation is a forensic procedure perform by

trained personnel of the PNP Crime Laboratory through scientific
methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the crime
scene, gathering information, documentation, collection, and
examination of all physical evidence.
Crime Scene Investigation It is the conduct of processes, more
particularly the recognition, search, collection, handling,
preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include
the identification of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the
crime scene.
Crime Scene- is the place from which most physical evidence
associated with crime will be obtained.
Physical Evidence Encompasses any and all objects that can
establish that a crime has been committed or can provide a link
between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator.
Forensic Science Is the application of science to a law.

1. Evacuate injured person to the nearest hospital.

2. Cordon off the crime scene with whatever materials like
ropes, straws, human barricade, police line if available.
3. Prepare to take dying declaration of severely injured person.
4. Prevent entry of unauthorized persons within the cordoned area.
5. Report to the nearest police station.
6. Prepare to brief the investigators of the situation upon their
arrival.
Other Considerations:
1. Recording of pertinent information such as time, date and
place of incident, weather condition, names and addresses of
witnesses.
2. Note the position of the victim upon arrival/discovery of the victim.
3. Take note the identity of person/s who entered the crime scene prior
to the arrival of the investigator and the SOCO.

First Responders responsibility

1. identify and retain for questioning the person
who first notified
2. determine the perpetrator by direct inquiry or
observation if identity is not immediately
apparent
3. retain (if possible) all persons at the scene
4. separate all witnesses so that independent
statements can be obtained later.
5. prevent unauthorized persons from entering
the crime scene or disturbing it in any manner

1.
2.

3.
4.

Entering the Crime Scene

Refrain, unless for the following limited
purposes:
Determine that the crime was committed
Aide the victim (a victims care takes
precedence over evidence consideration)
To apprehend the perpetrator
To secure the crime scene

Preserving and Protecting the

Crime Scene Means:

Crime scene protection starts with the initial

responding officer and must continue throughout
the entire time that the crime scene is under the
control of the police and involves every member
of the police department as well as others that may
come in contact with the crime scene

Preserving and Protecting the Crime Scene Means:

keeping the site of the crime in the same physical
condition as it was left by the criminal.
Anyone who comes in contact with the crime scene
must prevent the obliteration or deterioration of
tangible clues.
Touching or moving objects and walking on, or
otherwise disturbing footprints or items of evidence will
destroy the value and reliability of evidence

Locards Law or Principle

Locards Principle summarizes the two way
transfer of trace evidence as:

When A comes into contact with B, something

from A is transferred to B and vice versa.
i.e. every contact leaves a trace.

the process of gathering physical evidence at

the crime scene.

Photograph and sketch the physical

evidence before collecting them from the crime
scene and maintain records as to when, where,
who, what and how the evidence were
recovered.

SKETCH OF CRIME SCENE

Great care should be exercise when collecting

physical evidence. Be sure not to contaminate and
alter the very nature of the evidence.

1. When a firearm/s is/are found at the crime

scene, the investigator should take note of the
following pertinent facts or features about the
firearm:

A.
B.
C.
D.

type
make
caliber
serial number

E. load in the cylinder (if revolver)

F. load in the magazine
G. position of the firearm relative to the body of the victim
H.
other distinct or significant features
I. place and date of recovery

2. When a cartridge/ammunition is/are found

at the crime scene, the following should be
noted down:

A. head stamp
B. place and
date of
recovery

3.

When a bullet is found at the crime scene, the

following should be noted down:
A. type
B. shape or form
C. condition
D. place and date
of recovery

4.

When a cartridge case/s is/are found at the

crime scene, the following should be noted
down
A. Caliber
B. head stamp
C. place and date of
recovery

the process of placing distinctive marks on all

recovered/submitted evidence. Marking of
physical evidence is very important on the part
of the firearms examiner/Ballistician and
investigating officer, so that they can readily
identify these evidences during trial of the case
in court.

If these physical evidences cannot be readily

identified during trial, they become inutile, thus
serve no evidentiary value at all. Ballistics exhibits
should be marked by means of a stylus or any
pointed metal by the recovering officer with his
initial or the initial of the victim/suspect including
the time and date of recovery. As a general rule,
never use universal markings such as X or any
common marks which may lead to confusion.

UPPER RECEIVER

BARREL

BOLT

LOWER RECEIVER

B. pistol

BARREL

SLIDE

RECEIVER

C. revolver

CYLINDER

FRAME
BARREL

2. BULLET
A.
base

B.

nose/ogave

NOSE/OGAVE
BASE

3. CARTRIDGE CASE
A.
inside near open mouth
B.
outside near open mouth
C.
body
BODY

INSIDE OPEN MOUTH

OUTSIDE OPEN MOUTH

the process of keeping and preserving

physical evidence for court presentation.
Physical evidence like firearms, fired bullets,
fired cartridge case, pellets/shots, wads, and
bullet fragments should be properly preserved
for proper presentation during the trial of the
case.

1. FIREARM/S should be properly wrapped

and placed in a container, box or envelope to
prevent loss or tampering. The container or
envelope itself should be properly labeled by
the recovering officer.

2. BULLETS AND CARTRIDGE CASES after

having been marked, should be wrapped in a
clean soft tissue, paper or cotton and placed
separately in a self sealing plastic packet or
any similar container. The container should be
properly marked.