Setting the Stage

0 In the United States, France, and Latin

America, political revolutions brought in

new governments.
0 A different type of revolution now greatly
transformed the way people worked.
0 This new way of working will be known as
the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution
0 Industrial Revolution- the increased output of

machine-made goods that began in England in

the middle 1700s.
0 Before the Industrial Revolution, people made
clothes, blankets, pillows, etc. by hands.
0 Then, machines began to do this and other
jobs.

Why it starts in England?

0 In addition to a large population of workers,

the small island country had extensive

natural resources.
0 In addition to its natural resources, Britain
had an expanding economy to support
industrialization.
0 Industrialization- the process of developing
machine production of goods.

Birth of machines
0 Britains political stability gave the country a

tremendous advantage over everyone else.

0 In addition to that, Britains textile industry
clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton.
0 Businessmen raised profits by speeding up
the process by which weavers made cloth.

Birth of Factories!
0 Wealthy clothing businessmen set up the

machines in large buildings called factories.

0 Factories needed waterpower, so the first ones
were built near rivers and streams.

Steam Engines are born

0 Progress in the textile industry spurred other

industrial improvements.
0 The first such development, the steam engine,
stemmed from the search for a cheap
convenient source of power.
0 The steam engine was the source of power
during the Industrial Revolution.
0 Without it, the Industrial Revolution would not have been

possible.

Steam engine on wheels

0 A steam engine on wheels (trains) drove

English industry after 1820.

0 Railroads gave growth by giving a cheap way to
transport goods.
0 Railroad created thousands of new jobs for
railroad workers.

Steam engine on wheels cont.

0 Third, the railroads boosted Englands

agricultural and fishing industries.

0 Finally, by making travel easier, railroads
encouraged country people to take distant
city jobs.
0 After a few years, the Industrial Revolution
brought rapid changes to peoples lives.

New changes in Europe

0 The Industrial Revolution affected every

part of life in Great Britain.

0 The change to machine production initially
caused human suffering.
0 Growth caused unhealthy working
conditions and terrible pollution.

Urbanization
0 For centuries, most Europeans had lived in

rural areas.
0 After 1800, the balance shifted toward cities.
0 This was a period of urbanization.
0 Urbanization- city building and the movement
of people to cities.

Living Conditions
0 Because Englands cities grew rapidly, they

had no development plans, sanitary codes, or

building codes.
0 England lacked proper housing and police
protection for the people who sought for
jobs.

Working Conditions
0 To increase production, factory owners wanted

to keep machines running as long as possible.

0 As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a
day at the job, 6 days a week.
0 Imagine being in school from 8:25am10:25pm Monday-Saturday!
0 Women and children were employed because
they were a cheap source of labor.

Birth of Assembly Lines

0 Since conditions were horrible, work was not a

fun process
0 During the Industrial Revolution, quantity
became more important than quality.
0 Thus, the assembly line was born.

Class Tensions Grow

0 The Industrial Revolution created enormous

amounts of wealth in the nation.

0 Most of this new money belonged to factory
owners and businessmen.
0 These people were part of the growing middle
class.
0 Kind of like the bourgeoisie

0 These people enjoyed a comfortable standard

of living.

Growth of Entrepreneurs
0 The great businessmen of the Industrial

Revolution were called entrepreneurs.

0 Entrepreneur- a person who organizes,
manages, and takes on the risk of a business.

The Rise of Corporations

0 Building large businesses required a great

deal of money.
0 To raise money, entrepreneurs sold shares of
stock.
0 Stock- rights of ownership over a business.
0 People who bought stock became part
owners of corporations.
0 Corporation- a business owned by
stockholders who share in its profits.