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Solar Energy Independence

as Used in Rural India

Given: April 27, 2007

Overview of Presentation

India demographics and need for resources


Indias energy profile
Why solar?
Governmental and Private Initiatives
Problems
Conclusion

India: Land of a Billion Energy Needs

2.4% of land area with 16%


of the worlds population
Life Expectancy 64.71
years
Household sector: largest
consumer of energy
accounting for 40-50 % of
total energy consumption
In rural areas, the domestic
sector accounts for nearly
80 percent of total energy
consumption
About two thirds of Indias
more than 1 billion people
live in rural areas

Indias Energy Crisis - Dependence

India is currently importing 100 million tons of


crude oil
Foreign exchange outflow of Rs.1.5 trillion
per year (nearly $34 billion)
At this rate, in 2030 the country may have to
import 300 million tons of crude oil.

The Presidents Message: Independence

Cut down energy losses


Utilize technologies to provide
a diverse supply of
environmentally friendly
energy
We must achieve Energy
Independence by 2030,
including a cut down in ALL
sectors
Increase the power generated
through renewable energy
sources from 5% to 25%
This is the nations first and
highest priority

President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam


(Rocket Scientist)

Presidents Solar Message

Kalam pushes solar as a


key part of the 2030 energy
independence plan
Agricultural sector - both for
powering farms and for
desalination plants to bring
in fresh water
Nanotechnology research -something that India has
already embraced -- to a
drive to improve solar
efficiencies.

Two ways to Solar

Thermal Energy

Research and development for technologies.


Example: A large solar dish has been set up
under a research project at Latur in Maharashtra
to provide process heat for milk pasteurization.

Photovoltaic Energy

Brief Overview of Solar PV Technology

Solar cells are made of silicon (microelectronics/semiconductors)


Treated to be positive on one side and negative on the other.
When light energy hits the cell, electrons are knocked loose from the
atoms in the semiconductor material.
If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative
sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in
the form of an electric current.

Indias Solar Profile

India ranks 3rd in


annual production
capacity of solar PV
ahead of Germany,
France and Australia
India increasing budget
for implementing solar
power plants

Why is Solar so easy for Rural


India?

Rural Needs are Simple

Fuel for cooking


Water for drinking
Light for studying
Television and telephone for entertainment
and connectivity

India Has a Lot of Sunlight

Sunlight on the surface of earth is the radiation


received from sun.
India has adequate sunshine available for most
parts of the year, including rural areas.
The amount of solar energy impacting the surface of
earth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about
32.8 million MW every second on the Indian land
mass.
*A large part of the incident heat is reflected to the
outer space or radiated back to space.

Solar: Easy Energy In Rural India

Solar energy is
practically inexhaustible
Widely distributed
Environment friendly
Cost free in raw form
No need to transport
raw materials to
villages
No towers, heavy
cabling, etc.

Governmental Rural Initiative:


Solar Cooking Project

Current sources available


for cooking are firewood,
crop residues and animal
dung in rural areas
Promoted by the
Government of India

Parabolic Dish Solar


Cookers
Solar Box Cooker
Community Solar Cooker
Solar Steam Cooking
System

Private Initiative:
Solar Loans from Selco India

Customers: poor daily-wage


laborers to institutions

All buy solar panels at the


same rate: about $450 for a
40-watt system that can light
several 7-watt bulbs for four
hours between charges.

Persuaded rural banks to lend


hundreds of dollars to rural
people

Governmental Rural Initiative:


Solar Farms

100 MW sized Very


Large Scale Solar
Photovoltaic (VLSPV)
Stations
Program to develop
efficiency of solar cells
from 15% to 50%
Make farmers farm the
sun

Private Initiative:
Tata Power makes life Solar

Sunbank, a customized package for rural


banks
Coming soon : ATMs
Suraksha, a solar-powered communication
system, helps police stations function
effectively

Private Initiative:
Tata Power contd.

Solar powered vaccine


refrigerator
manufactured
indigenously by the
company and approved
by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
Low cost solar lantern

Private Initiative:
Tata Power contd.

Currently powering houses, schools,


police stations, etc.

My Uncles House powered by solar

Disadvantages of Solar Energy for Rural


India

Low intensity or dispersion


Its unpredictability, which varies with the whims of
weather (Monsoon Season)
Cost of Solar Equipment for the poor Financing
schemes
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
(IREDA) - a Public Limited Company, providing
revolving fund to financing and leasing companies
offering affordable credit for the purchase of PV
systems

But is it working?

Thermal Program:

600,000 solar cookers have


been produced.
2000 concentrating dish
cookers
12 community village cookers
and 1.5 million sq m of
collector area for water heating
systems have been achieved.

Photovoltaic Program:

55000 street lighting systems


340,000 home lighting systems
1566 kW of power plants
540,000 solar lanterns have
been produced

Conclusion
700 Million Rural People
x
80% of total energy for these needs
___________________________________
Making Indias rural population and India
more energy independent

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