Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah

The force distribution acting at a point on the surface

is unique and will have components in the normal and

tangential directions called normal stress and
tangential shear stress
If the direction of is outward from the surface it is
considered to be a tensile stress and is a positive
normal stress
If is into the surface it is a compressive stress and
commonly considered to be a negative quantity.

For equilibrium condition:

Forces acting on the end of the rod are directed along the axis . This loading
condition is termed under axial loading

The coefficient E is called the modulus of elasticity of the material involved, or

also known as Youngs modulus
Stress
Strain
E Young Modulus

 If the resulting axial stress =P/A does not exceed the

proportional limit of the material, we may apply

Hookes law and write

Where

J = polar moment of inertia

For solid circular shaft:

For hollow circular shaft:

 Example

 The principal specifications to be met in the design of

a transmission shaft are the power to be transmitted

and the speed of rotation of the shaft.
The role of the designer is to select the material and
the dimensions of the cross section of the shaft, so that
the maximum shearing stress allowable in the material
will not be exceeded when the shaft transmitting the
required power at the specified speed

 Where is the angular velocity of the body expressed

in radians per second.

f is the frequency of the rotation (number of

revolution per second)

 Example