LEARNING TO CODE IN

How many
programming
languages do you
know?
SAY, APART FROM C, JAVA AND OBVIOUSLY, PYTHON.

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What do you mean by

High-Level or LowLevel Languages?
C, C++, JAVA

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES

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Advantages or
Disadvantages of
being High/Low level?
SPEED OF EXECUTION/EASE OF
UNDERSTANDING/PORTABILITY

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Do you know what

kind of languages
they are?
OBJECT-ORIENTED, FUNCTIONAL, PROCEDURAL,
DECLARATIVE
THESE ARE CALLED PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS

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What makes up a
Program?
ITS CONSTITUENT PARTS.

WHAT KIND OF INSTRUCTIONS, THAT IS

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What do Computer
Scientists do?
IN A VERY BROAD SENSE OF THE TERM COMPUTER
SCIENTISTS

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What do Computer Scientists do?

Like mathematicians, computer scientists use formal languages to denote ideas
(specifically computations).

Like engineers, they design things, assembling components into systems and
evaluating tradeoffs among alternatives.
Like scientists, they observe the behavior of complex systems, form hypotheses,
and test predictions.

December 24, 2014

CSI GECA CHAPTER

About Python
THE LANGUAGE WE ARE GOING TO LEARN

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Python
Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum.
Its first implementation was started in 1989

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms

Object Oriented
Imperative
Functional Programming
Procedural Styles.

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Versions of Python
Version Number

Year of Release

0.9.0 through 1.6

1991-1999

2.0

2000

3.0

2008

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Version 2 or 3?
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Philosophy of Python
The core philosophy of the language
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Readability counts.

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Learning a Language
ANY LANGUAGE.

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Natural and Formal Languages?

oNatural languages are the languages people speak, such as English,
Spanish, and French.

oFormal languages are languages that are designed by people for

specific applications.
oMathematicians
oChemists
oComputer Scientists

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DIFFERENCES?
NATURAL LANGUAGE

FORMAL LANGUAGE

AMBIGUIOUS - deal with by using contextual

clues and other information.

CLEAR statement has exactly one meaning,

regardless of context.

REDUNDANCY to make up for ambiguity and

reduce misunderstandings.

CONCISE Formal languages are less

redundant and more concise.

LITERALNESS Natural languages are full of

idiom and metaphor.

LITERALNESS Formal languages mean exactly

what they say.

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Suggestions for reading programs

Formal languages are much more dense than natural languages, so it takes
longer to read them.

The structure is very important, so it is usually not a good idea to read from top
to bottom, left to right.
learn to parse the program in your head, identifying the tokens and interpreting
the structure.
The details matter!
No Spelling mistakes.
No punctuation errors!

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How do we learn a language?

First off, we learn the characters.
Then we go and learn how they form words.

Then we move onto bigger words and phrases, eventually, sentences.

Once we start learning how to form sentences, we also learn about Grammar.

What is grammar?

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Example: English
CHARACTERS:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ , . : ; ?

WORDS:

APPLE

BALL

CAT

DOG\

Bigger Words:

ABHORRENCE

BENEFICIARY

COMPREHENSION

DEBUGGING

PHRASES:

CAT ATE MOUSE

SENTENCES:

DOG CHASED THE CAT BECAUSE IT ATE THE MOUSE, WHICH WAS DWELLING IN
THE HOUSE.

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DOG CHASED CAT

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Features of a language?
Syntax Tokens Basic elements that make up words and sentences along
with symbols.
Structure The way tokens are arranged.

Semantics What the sentence means?

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Learning Python
BREAKING IT DOWN

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Tokens
Characters: [a-z A-Z 0-9]
Operators: [/ , //, **, *, +, -, %, =, >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=]
Variables
Keywords

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Variables
VARIABLES AND KEYWORDS FORM TOKENS

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Variables
A variable is a name that refers to a value.
An assignment statement creates new value and gives them variable names:

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CSI GECA CHAPTER

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Variables as Memory Locations

int a = 2;

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a = 2;

int b = a

25

Variables as Names or identifiers

a=1

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a=2

b=a

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Special Variable
In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable _.

This variable should be treated as read-only by the user.

December 24, 2014

CSI GECA CHAPTER

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Keywords
WORDS WHICH ARE RESERVED AND CAN NOT BE USED
AS INDENTIFIERS

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Keywords
1.

'False'

12. 'elif'

23. 'lambda'

2.

'None'

13. 'else'

24. 'nonlocal'

3.

'True'

14. 'except'

25. 'not'

4.

'and'

15. 'finally'

26. 'or'

5.

'as'

16. 'for'

27. 'pass'

6.

'assert'

17. 'from'

28. 'raise'

7.

'break'

18. 'global'

29. 'return'

8.

'class'

19. 'if'

30. 'try'

9.

'continue'

20. 'import'

31. 'while'

10. 'def'

21. 'in'

32. 'with'

11. 'del'

22. 'is'

33. 'yield'

December 24, 2014

CSI GECA CHAPTER

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Remembering Keywords
>>>Import keyword
>>>keyword.kwlist
>>>keyword.iskeyword(string)
>>>dir(keyword)

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Operators
AS SYMBOLS ARE IN MATHEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY,
OPERATORS ARE IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.

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Operators
1.

(Division)

9.

2.

//

(Floor Division)

10. <

3.

** (Exponentiation)

11. >=

4.

(Multiplication)

12. <=

5.

(Addition)

13. ==

6.

(Subtraction)

14. !=

7.

(Modulus)

8.

(Assignment)

December 24, 2014

>

CSI GECA CHAPTER

32

Data Types
EVERYTHING IS AN OBJECT.

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Basic Data Types

int

1,

31231,

123491348

Float

1.0, 3.1415,

0.13123

Complex

1+3j, 0+0j,

3-2j

Try these out!

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Other Data Types

Strings

abc,

0123,

Lists

[1, 2, 3]

*ab, cd+ *ab, 2, 3+

Tuples

1, 2, 3

b, abc

Dictionaries

,1:a, 2:b, 3:cdef-

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hello

1, a, abc

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Identifying Data Types dynamically

Simple!
Use type()
>>>a = 2

>>>type(a)

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Expressions
EXPRESSIONS AS PHRASES.

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Expressions
a+b/c-d*e
(a+b)/(c-d)*e

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Input
input() Method:
variable = input(String: )
But the return type is string.
To convert into integer, use int() method.

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What are
programming
languages used for?
FOR PROBLEM SOLVING!

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Problem and its

Solution
TODAYS PROBLEM

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Write a Temperature
converter
CONVERT TEMPERATURE FROM FAHRENHEIT TO
CELSIUS
AND VICE VERSA

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Tc=(5/9)*(Tf-32)
Tf=(9/5)*Tc+32
FORMULA FOR CONVERSION

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Sample session
Temperature converter

Enter a temperature: 20
Convert to (F)ahrenheit or (C)elsius? F
20 C = 68 F

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Doubts and/or
queries?
ASK AWAY!

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Suggestions?
Tell Us!
DROP A MAIL TO:

PYCLUBGECA@GMAIL.COM

OR A COMMENT ON: BIT.LY/PYCLUBGECA

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Thank You!
PYCLUB GECA TEAM THANKS YOU!

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