Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Disk drive
Hard disk
(Backing store)
Speakers
Microphone
Keyboard
Mouse
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Software
Logical Component of a
Computer
We can not touch
These are in form of
instructions that tell the
computer that what to do
It can not executed without
hardware.
If any problem in software
then it will reinstall.
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Hardware
The motherboard is the main electronic
component of the computer
Circuit board
Computer components
Logical units of a computer
Input unit
Output unit
Memory unit
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
Central processing unit (CPU)
Secondary storage unit
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Control unit
Arithmetic &
logic unit
Data signals
Backing
store
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Working
CPU
Unit
Input Unit
ALU & Logical
Unit
Control Unit
Ram / Rom
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Storage
Output Unit
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Input Device
You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a
mouse, to input data and issue commands
Keyboard
Ergonomic
Pointing device
Controls the pointer
Mouse
Scroll wheel
Trackball
Touch pad
Pointing stick
Scanner
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Output Devices
Output devices show you the results of
processing data
Monitor
Flat panel
LCD
CRT
Printer
Laser
Inkjet
Dot matrix
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Memory Units
Random Access Memory ( RAM )
Read Only Memory
( ROM )
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Backing Storage
Which consists of the disk drivers
used to store data when the power
is switched off.
Magnetic media
Hard disk
Tape
Floppy disk
CD
DVD
CD-R
CD-RW
CD-ROM
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Brain of Computer
Central Processing Unit
CPU
Control Unit
Arithmetic Unit
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Logical unit
Control Unit
Responsible for coordinating the input and
output Devices.
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Arithmetic
In which all the calculations are Involve.
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplications
Divisions
Modulus
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Logical unit
It contains the logical decisions
And operations
Or Operations
Not operations
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Advantages
Computers are extremely fast
Computers are very accurate
Computers can keep large amount of
information in a small space
Computers can work continuously for 24 hours a
day.
Computers can do some jobs that would be
impossible without them.
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Drawbacks
Computers can replace people
Computers holds personal information
which may be misused.
Problems arise when computers cannot be
used.
Staff need to be trained
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Signal
That pass between the main processor
and the other hardware.
Control Signal :
include signals sent out by the main
processor and the other hardware.
Data Signals:
These are the groups of binary
digits that are used to represent
characters.
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Micro Computers
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Mainframe computers
Thousands of terminals attached to it.
Larger mainframe computers carry out 250
million instructions per second.
It Consist of multiple processors.
Used large organizations such as banks,
insurance companies, airlines and
government department.
Disadvantage:
Due to immense power they produce large
amount of heat so its require air conditioned.
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Examples
IBM43810
NEC610
DEC 10 etc
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Supercomputers
Largest category of computer, costing
millions of pounds.
It is complex ,large storage and advanced
computers.
They are mostly used by scientific and
industrial research departments.
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Uses
NASA
Weather centre
Stock Exchange
Weapon design
Mapping the surface of planets.
Studying the neural network of brain
Preparing models of chemical systems.
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Examples
CRAY-XP
ETA-10
Blue sky
ASCI White
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Mini computers
Have a size , power and cost somewhere
between those of microcomputers and
mainframes.
It is much powerful then some of the
mainframes still in use.
It is used by business institutes and
departments.
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Examples
Vax-8800
MV-1500
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Embedded Computers or
Microprocessors
Is a single chip that perform the functions of a
central processing unit
Many microprocessors makes are
Microcontrollers also called embedded.
Embedded computers serve as the brain of a
larger piece of machine.
Their software is stored in the computers own.
They serve as a personal computer but not
have a monitor, keyboard and mouse
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Uses
Microwaves programmable ovens
Blood pressure monitors
Air bag sensors
Washing machines
Video recorders
Alarms
Digital cameras
MP3 players
Car engine Controllers
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Analog
Digital
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Hybrid
Analog computers
It provides continuous value
It represents physical quantities in the
form of waves
It has no state
It has low memory
It is difficult to use
It is used in engineering and science
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Examples
Thermometer
Analog Clocks
Speed of the car
Petrol Stations
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Digital computers
It provides us discrete values
It represent physical values with help of
symbols or numbers
It has two states ON and OFF
It has big memory
These are easy to use
It is used in all field of life
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Examples
Digital clocks
Calculators
Laptop computers
Score board
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Hybrid Computers
These are combination of analog and
digital computers
Some part of processing is done in digital
and some part is done in analog.
The measurement may then be converted
into numbers and display in digital form.
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Examples
Patient Heart function
Temperature
Blood pressure
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