HEAT EXCHANGER

By TSP

Topical Outline

Fundamental Concept
Classification of Heat Exchanger
Work Scope of Heat Exchanger
Common Heat Exchanger Types
Heat Exchanger on Engineering Field
Design Method
Operational Problem
Heat Exchanger Maintenance
Case Study

Fundamental Concept
Definition
The process of heat exchange between two fluids that are
at different temperature

Thermodynamic Consideration
Thermodynamic First Law
T1c

T2h
T1h
T2c

q m c p Th m c p Tc

Fundamental Concept (continue)

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Two fluid (A & B) that
have different
Temperature

If TB > TA
Heat transfer
surface area

Overall heat coefficient

Flow Factor (0,8 to 1)

q UAFTLM
Total Area Heat
Transfers

Temperature
Difference

Classification of Heat Exchanger

Common Heat Exchanger Types

Shell & Tube

Straight Tube
Ranges of Work
30,7 MPa
-200 to 6000C

Fluid Limitation
Depend to Material
Constructing limitation (TEMA)
Range between pipe more than 1,2
pipes diameter (TEMA)
Range of baffles are less than 1/5 pipes
diameter (TEMA)

 Double Pipes
Range of Work
To 140 MPa
-100 to 6300C

Plate & Frame (PHE)

fluid limitation depend

to material

Range of Work
Up to 2,5 MPa
-75 to 2000C
Unsuitable for gas two
phase flow

 Compact HE

Lamella HE
Range of Work
To 3 MPa
-75 to 2000C
For non corrosive fluid
and low fouling fluid

Range of Work
To 140 MPa
-273 to 1000C

For non corrosive fluid

and low fouling fluid

 Shell & Plate

Range of Work
To 8 MPa
-273 to 2000C
Fluid Limitation Depend
to Material

Cooling Tower

1 atm

Range of Work

25 to 2000C
For Water Cooling

HEx on Engineering Field

1. Industry
Power plant, Petrochemical, Textile, Oil Refinery, Gas Refinery, etc
2. Air Conditioning & Cryogenics
Storage, Freezing, Gas liquefy, Room Conditioning, etc
3. Drying
Freeze drying & Hot drying
4. Others
Water/air heating, Distillation, etc

Design Method
LMTD Method
NTU Method
NTU- Method

Assembly Method
PINCH METHOD should be use for system thats have least 30 Hex

Separating low thermal Hex group and high thermal

Hex groups
PINCH Method

Decreasing Heat losses

Optimizing Exergy

Operational Problem

Fouling

Increasing pressure drop

Decreasing coefficient heat transfer

Corrosion and erosion of surface

Leak of working liquid
Minimize on operational monitoring
Operational
temperature and
mass flow should
be monitoring

HE Performance

Maintenace

Fouling Maintenance

When ???

Mechanical
How ???

Chemical

Mechanical Cleaning
Traditional cleaning, steam blasting (60 MPa), particles
fluid blasting

Chemical Cleaning
Methana or kerosin
Sodium hydroxide
nitric or phosporic acid

Leak Maintenance
Welding

Need Blasting

Closed flow (for shell & Tube)

Replacing Part

Max 10% from total

surface

Developing Shell & Plate Evaporator Hex of CO2

Transcritical Refrigeration Cycle for Chiller Type

Hex Type
Type
Pressure, P
Cold Fluid Inlet, Tair, i
Cold Fluid Outlet, Tair, o
Cold Fluid Mass Flow, ma
Hot Fluid Inlet Tgas, i
Hot Fluid Outlet Tgas, o
Hot Fluid Mass Flow mg
Heat Capacity, Q
Plate Diameter
Shell Diameter
Plate Spacing
Plate Thickness
Material
Plate Number
Shell Length, L
Shell Side Pressure drop, Ps
Pressure drop sisi plat, Pp
Correction Factor, F

: Shell & plate

: Openable
: up to 50 bar
: 00C
: 00C
: 0,025 kg/s
: 110C
: 40C
: 0,2 kg/s
: 10 kW
: 250 mm
; 300 mm
; 5 mm
; 1,8 mm
: Stainless Steel
; 20
; 220 mm
; 2.348 kPa
; 1.233 kPa
; 0,85

Developing Milichannel Evaporator Hex of CO2

Transcritical Refrigeration Cycle For Chiller Type
Hex Type
Type
Pressure, P
Cold Fluid Inlet, Tair, i
Cold Fluid Outlet, Tair, o
Cold Fluid Mass Flow, ma
Hot Fluid Inlet Tgas, i
Hot Fluid Outlet Tgas, o
Hot Fluid Mass Flow mg
Heat Capacity, Q
Tube Diameter
Tube Length
Tube Material
Manifold Diameter
Plate Spacing
Plate Thickness
Plate & Manifold Material
Plate Number
Manifold Length, L
Hot Side Pressure drop, Ps
Cold side Pressure drop, Pp
Correction Factor, F

: Milicannel
: Crossflow
: up to 150 bar
: 00C
: 00C
: 0,025 kg/s
: 110C
: 40C
: 0,2 kg/s
: 10 kW
: 1,8 mm
: 150 mm
: Copper
; 100 mm
; 8 mm
; 10 mm
: Alumunium
; 18
; 200 mm
; 0.849 kPa
; 4. 8 kPa
; 0,9