Umts Hspa Basic

Atoll 2.7.
THE UMTS HSPA MODULE
AT271_SL3G_E0
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1
1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Concepts

2. 3G Workflow in Atoll
3. Modelling a UMTS HSPA Network
4. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Predictions
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulation
6. Neighbour Allocation
7. Scrambling Codes Planning
8. GSM/TDMA UMTS Co-planning
9. Using Drive Tests
AT271_SL3G_E0
1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
UMTS CONCEPTS
HSDPA CONCEPTS
HSUPA CONCEPTS
UMTS CONCEPTS (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
THE UMTS PLANNING CHALLENGE
Multiservice + multi-rate + high-rate
Wideband
Code division multiple access technique

All terminals share the same frequency
Mutual degradation of radio links defeated by sophisticated power

control
Coverage linked to traffic & services

Cell breathing
REALISTIC UMTS PLANNING

REQUIRES SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC AND POWER CONTROL!
AT271_SL3G_E0
UMTS CONCEPTS (2)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
CPICH - COMMON PILOT CHANNEL
CPICH power equivalent to BCCH carrier power in gsm
Always on air
Approx. 5%..20% of the total carrier power

1..4 watts of 20W (30..36dBm of 43dBm)
Pilot quality
Ec/Io parameter
Ec: Energy per chip (pilot signal)
Io: Downlink total noise spectral density
Measured by mobile to find its best server and active set
UMTS CONCEPTS (3)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
SOFT HANDOFF
UMTS handoff strategy different from GSM hard handoff

Mobile in communication with several base stations (macrodiversity)
Mobile Active Set

Different types of soft handoff
Soft, softer,
Soft-soft, softer-soft, soft-softer
UMTS CONCEPTS (4)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ACTIVE SET
Set of transmitters connected to mobile
Active set determination

Best pilot (server)
Minimum Ec/Io : Pilot quality threshold
Highest Ec/Io
Admission of other transmitters in Active Set
Handover margin : Active Set threshold
Ec/Io within a margin of best server
UMTS CONCEPTS (5)

Atoll 2.7.1
WCDMA RECEPTION PARAMETER
"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement

Eb / Nt = ( C / R ) / ( I / W )
Eb : Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

Nt : Total noise density ( W / MHz )
R : Nominal rate of the service (kbps)
W : spreading width (MHz)
C : Carrier power (W)
I : Power of interfering carriers + thermal noise (W)
Eb / Nt = ( C / I ) . ( W / R )
C / I : Interference ratio used in GSM/TDMA planning (W / W)
W / R : Processing gain
AT271_SL3G_E0
UMTS CONCEPTS (6)

Atoll 2.7.1
POWER CONTROL
Power control on traffic channel
Objectives
Solve near-far-problem of CDMA in the uplink
Limit overall interference to maximize capacity
Ensure good reception for a maximum number of mobiles
Power control yields a network-wide compromise!
Means
Mobile power adjustment for uplink
Base station power adjustment for downlink
UMTS power control is fast!
Main results
Transmitter load conditions
AT271_SL3G_E0
DL Power used
UL Load factor = Interference / Total noise
HSDPA CONCEPTS (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 5 FEATURE

FOR UMTS
Designed for data service applications

Aimed to provide, for the downlink, significant reduced delays and peak
rates up to 8-10 Mbps
Fully Release 99 backward compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
New physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

Fast link adaptation (modelled in Atoll)
Fast retransmission mechanism
Fast scheduling at Node B (modelled in Atoll)
10
HSDPA CONCEPTS (2)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK
HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): Transport channel

HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel):
Associated physical channel
Carries user data
Both time and codes shared between users
Within each 2 ms transmission time interval (TTI), a constant spreading
factor of 16 is used with a maximum of 15 parallel codes
2 to 4 users can share the code resources with the same TTI
Always associated to a R99 DCH (Dedicated Channel)
HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

Carries information to decode HS-DSCH (Modulation, Transport block
size,)
Spreading factor = 128
11
HSDPA CONCEPTS (3)

Atoll 2.7.1
NEW PHYSICAL CHANNEL ON THE UPLINK
FAST LINK ADAPTATION INSTEAD OF POWER CONTROL
AT271_SL3G_E0
HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Indicates the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) used for fast link
adaptation
Carries the acknowledgement signal for retransmission process
The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI

Adaptive DL data rate by changing:
The modulation scheme
The coding
The number of codes
Based on:
The reported CQI
UE (User Equipment) category
12
HSDPA CONCEPTS (4)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B
The scheduler chooses the data that will be transmitted in the next TTI
It sorts the users to be served
Different scheduling techniques

Max CQI: resource is allocated to the UE with the best radio
propagation conditions
Round Robin: every user is served in a sequential way
Proportional fair: resource is allocated to the UE with the highest
instantaneous relative channel quality
NO SOFT HANDOVER ON DL
The mobile has only one link from its best-server
13
HSDPA CONCEPTS (5)

Atoll 2.7.1
CELL POWER
AT271_SL3G_E0
The cell power is shared between R99 and HSDPA users
Two strategies possible for the HSDPA power allocation:

Static allocation the HSDPA power is a fixed part of the cell
power
Dynamic allocation the HSDPA power is the remaining cell
power after serving R99 users
14
HSUPA CONCEPTS (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 6 FEATURE

FOR UMTS
Designed for data service applications

Aimed to provide, for the uplink, peak rates up to 3- 4 Mbps
Fully Release 99 backward compatible
Can co-exist on the same RF carrier with R99 UMTS traffic
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
New transport and physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

Fast retransmission mechanism (modelled in Atoll)
Fast scheduling at Node B (modelled in Atoll)
15
HSUPA CONCEPTS (2)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE UPLINK
E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel): Transport channel

E-DPDCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel): Associated
physical channel
Carries user data
Dedicated channel: each UE has its own dedicated E-DCH
Always associated to a R99 DCH (Dedicated Channel)
Supports OVSF: SF2 - SF256
E-DPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Transmits all the necessary information about the E-DPDCH in order to
decode the data channel transmission
Also carries Happy bit information to indicate if the user is content
with the current data rate
16
HSUPA CONCEPTS (3)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
NEW PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK
E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel)

Transmits an absolute value of the Node B scheduler decision that lets
the UE know the relative transmission power it is allowed to use for
data channel transmission
E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel)

Transmits single set-up / set-down scheduling commands that affect
the relative transmission power the UE is allowed to use for data
channel transmission
E-HICH (H-ARQ Indicator Channel)

Carries positive and negative acknowledgements for retransmission
process
Multiplexed with E-RGCH to a single downlink code channel of
spreading factor 128
17
HSUPA CONCEPTS (4)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSUPA DOES NOT SUPPORT FAST LINK ADAPTATION

Higher modulation order schemes are not supported
FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B
The shared resource on UL is the UL noise rise i.e, the total power received
by the Node B receiver
The scheduler tasks are:

To equally share this resource between users and to maintain the
interference level experienced close to the maximum
To select the transport format (nb of bits to be transmitted in a TTI) for
the E-DCH transport channel with respect to:
The maximum terminal power allowed
The UE (User Equipment) category
SOFT HANDOVER IS SUPPORTED

18
DCH, HS-DSCH AND E-DCH COMPARISON

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
COMPARISON TABLE
Feature
DCH
HSDPA (HS-DSCH)
HSUPA (E-DCH)
Variable Spreading Factor
Yes, SF4 - SF256
No, SF16
Yes, SF2 - SF256
Fast Power Control
Yes
No
Yes
Adaptive Modulation
No
Yes
No
BTS Based Scheduling
No
Yes
Yes
Fast L1 HARQ
No
Yes
Yes
Soft Handover
Yes
No
Yes
TTI Length (ms)
80, 40, 20, 10
10, 2
19
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
20
2. 3G WORKFLOW IN ATOLL
Atoll 2.7.1
Open an Existing Project
or Create a New One
2. 3G WORKFLOW IN ATOLL
Network Configuration
- Add Network Elements
- Change Parameters
Basic Predictions
(Best Server, Signal Level)
Neighbour Allocation
Traffic Maps
Monte-Carlo
Simulations
User-defined values
Cell Load
Conditions
UMTS/HSPA Predictions
Scrambling Code Plan
Prediction Study Reports

AT271_SL3G_E0
21
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
22
3. MODELLING A UMTS HSPA NETWORK
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
SITE PARAMETERS
TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS
CELL PARAMETERS
23
SITE PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
X, Y, altitude
Number of channel
elements UL/DL available
on the site
Equipment installed on
the site
24
TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
Selection of the
Frequency Band
Cells: (Tx-carrier) pairs

- Specifications of carriers in a
transmitter
Equipment
specifications
DL and UL total losses,

Noise figure
Transmit and
Receive diversities
AT271_SL3G_E0
25
CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
Carrier
Inter-carrier power sharing

Available only if there is at
least one HSDPA carrier with
dynamic power allocation
Transmitted powers
HSDPA parameters
HSUPA parameters
AS management parameter:
max quality margin admitted
between best-server and
other transmitter pilots to be in
active-set
Maximum UL and DL
connection rate: simulation
constraints
Maximum cell load on

UL and DL: simulation
constraints
UL and DL cell loads: userdefined or simulation output

Cell primary
scrambling code
Inputs of the scrambling

code allocation algorithm
Inputs of the neighbour
allocation algorithm
Neighbour list
AT271_SL3G_E0
26
CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
CELL HSDPA PARAMETERS
Power available for HSDPA (i.e for HS-PDSCH

and HS-SCCH)
Static allocation: the HSDPA power is a fixed
part of the cell total power used
Dynamic allocation: the HSDPA power is the
cell remaining power after serving R99 users
Reserve of power for R99 DCH
HS-SCCH power per HS-SCCH channel
Static allocation: the HS-SCCH power is fixed
Dynamic allocation: the HS-SCCH power is
controlled in order to obtain a minimum quality
threshold
Maximum numbers of HS-SCCH channels
that the cell can manage
Minimum and maximum numbers of 16 bitslength OVSF codes available for HS-PDSCH
channels
Number of HSDPA users in the cell: userdefined or simulation output
Scheduling related parameters

Maximum number of HSDPA users that the cell can support
Scheduling technique: Max CQI, Round Robin, Proportional Fair
AT271_SL3G_E0
27
CELL PARAMETERS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
CELL HSUPA PARAMETERS

Power allocated to
HSUPA DL channels (EAGCH, E-RGCH, and EHICH)
Maximum number of
HSDPA users that the
cell can support
Load factor due to
HSUPA traffic: userdefined or simulation
output
Number of HSUPA
users in the cell: userdefined or simulation
output
28
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
29
4. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
AVAILABLE PREDICTIONS
UMTS PREDICTIONS
HSDPA PREDICTION
HSUPA PREDICTION
30
AVAILABLE PREDICTIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
COVERAGE PREDICTIONS
UMTS Dedicated Coverage Predictions

Quality Studies
Ec/Io, Eb/Nt, Service Areas

Handover Study
Noise Studies
Nt, Pilot pollution
HSDPA Dedicated Coverage Study

Quality Studies
Rate/Throughput Studies
HSUPA Dedicated Coverage Study

Quality Study
Rate/Throughput Studies
POINT PREDICTION
31
PRINCIPLES OF UMTS PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
UMTS PREDICTIONS ARE CALCULATED FOR
Given load conditions

UL Load Factor
DL Power Used
A non-interfering user with

A service
A mobility
A terminal type
32
LOAD CONDITIONS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
LOAD CONDITONS ARE DEFINED IN THE CELLS TABLE
Values taken into consideration in

predictions for each cell
33
SERVICE PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
PARAMETERS USED IN PREDICTIONS
R99 Bearer Parameters
Rate Downgrading
Handover Capabilities
Body Loss
34
R99 BEARER PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Double-click the
record in the table
Type: Traffic Class
Max Downlink Traffic Power per Channel
UL and DL Eb/Nt Admission Thresholds

(per mobility)
35
MOBILITY TYPE PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Ec/Io threshold (AS): this value is verified for the best server
36
TERMINAL PROPERTIES
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Receiver equipment
Compressed mode capability
Frequency bands and related noise figures
Maximum terminal power
Gain and losses
Active Set size
DL rake factor
Rho factor
37
COVERAGE PREDICTION SETTINGS

Atoll 2.7.1
If no simulation is selected
Prediction based on DL power and
UL load from Cells table
User and carrier specification
AT271_SL3G_E0
Display type template
Tip text content and legend
38
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR UMTS COVERAGE

PREDICTIONS
Prediction Study Type
Display Parameter
Pilot Reception Analysis (Ec/Io)
Ec/I0
Ec/I0 Margin
Transmitter, etc
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Downlink
Maximum Eb/Nt
Effective Eb/Nt
Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power, etc
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink
Maximum Eb/Nt
Effective Eb/Nt
Eb/Nt Margin
Required Power
Soft Handover Gain, etc
Effective Service Area
Unique,etc
Handover Status
Hanfoff Status
Number of Potential Servers
Pilot Pollution
Number of Polluters
Downlink Total Noise
Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Level

Minimum, Maximum or Average Noise Rise
39
UMTS PREDICTION EXAMPLES (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Pilot Reception Analysis Study
Pilot Pollution Study
40

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Service Area (Eb/Nt) Uplink Study
Effective Service Area Study
41

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Handover Status Prediction Study
Downlink Total Noise Study
42
POINT ANALYSIS TOOL (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
RADIO RECEPTION DIAGNOSIS AT A GIVEN POINT
In the Tool bar, click
Select the AS Analysis tab in the Point Analysis window
Define AS analysis settings
43
POINT ANALYSIS TOOL (2)

Atoll 2.7.1
Active Set /
Handover Status
also shown in the
Map-Window
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : If (Cells Table) is

selected
Analysis based on DL power and UL load from
Cells table
Analysis on a
specific carrier or
all (carrier selection
as set in site
equipment)
Pilot
availability
Service
availability in
UL and DL
Prediction with
downgrading or not
AT271_SL3G_E0
Definition of a userdefinable probe"

receiver, Indoor or not
Cells of the mobile

active set (greyed
zone)
Lower limit of the active

set (best pilot quality Active set threshold)
Best server threshold to be part of

the active set (depending on the
mobility type)
44
PRINCIPLES OF HSDPA PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSDPA PREDICTION CAN BE CALCULATED
To analyse the UL and DL A-DPCH qualities

To analyse the HS-SCCH quality/power
To model fast link adaptation for a single user within the cell
To model fast link adaptation for many users within the cell
To analyse the probability of having a certain HSDPA Radio Bearer
HSDPA PREDICTION INPUTS
The cell total power

The cell HSDPA power
The number of HSDPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for
several users
HSDPA user description: Terminal, service and mobility type
45
HSDPA SERVICE PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Rate Downgrading
Body Loss
HSDPA Capability and Application Throughput Parameters
46
HSDPA BEARER PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
TRANSPORT FORMAT RESOURCE COMBINATION (TFRC) SELECTED BY

THE SCHEDULER DURING FAST LINK ADAPTATION
Defined in 3GPP Specifications
47
MOBILITY TYPE PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Ec/Io threshold (AS): this value is verified for the best server
HS-SCCH Ec/Nt threshold (dB): minimum quality required for HSDPA link
48
HSDPA CAPABLE TERMINAL PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Receiver equipment
Frequency bands
Noise figures
Gain and losses
DL rake factor
Rho factor
HSDPA capability and HSDPA

specific parameters
UE category
MUD factor
49
HSDPA UE CATEGORY PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
USER EQUIPMENT (UE) CAPABILITIES DEFINED IN 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS
50
DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR HSDPA PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Study Objective
Conditions
Display Parameter
A-DPCH Quality Analysis
All HSDPA Radio

Bearers Considered
Max DL A-DPCH Eb/Nt

Max UL A-DPCH Eb/Nt
HS-SCCH Quality and Power Study
All HSDPA Radio

Bearers Considered
HS-SCCH Ec/Nt
HS-SCCH Power
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a

Single User
All HSDPA Radio

Bearers Considered
HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt
CPICH/HS-PDSCH CQI
MAC Rate
RLC Peak Rate
Application Throughput
etc
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling for a

Several Users
All HSDPA Radio

Bearers Considered
MAC Throughput per Mobile

RLC Throughput per Mobile
Application Throughput per Mobile
Probability of Having a Certain RLC

Peak Rate
One HSDPA Radio

Bearer Selected
Cell Edge Coverage Probability
51
FAST LINK ADAPTATION MODELLING

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ATOLL DETERMINES THE BEST HSDPA BEARER THAT EACH USER CAN
OBTAIN
PROCESS : PREDICTION DONE VIA LOOK-UP TABLES

CPICH/HS-PDSCH
Ec/Nt evaluation
CQI calculation
HSDPA bearer
selection
Look-up of RLC
peak rate
MODELLING FOR A SINGLE USER
Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSDPA user
Each HSDPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => He
uses the entire available HSDPA power of the cell
MODELLING FOR SEVERAL USERS
Atoll considers several HSDPA users per pixel
The cell HSDPA power is shared between users
52
HSDPA PREDICTION EXAMPLE

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSDPA Study Display per RLC peak rate for a single user
53
PRINCIPLES OF HSUPA PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSUPA PREDICTION CAN BE CALCULATED TO ANALYSE
The power required by the terminal
The required E-DPDCH quality
The rates and throughputs
HSUPA PREDICTION INPUTS
The cell UL load factor
The cell UL load factor due to HSUPA
The cell UL reuse factor
The maximum cell UL load factor
The number of HSUPA users within the cell if the study is calculated for
several users
HSUPA user description: Terminal, service and mobility type
TWO CALCULATION OPTIONS
HSUPA resources are dedicated to a single user
HSUPA resources are shared by several users
54
HSUPA SERVICE PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Rate Downgrading
Body Loss
HSUPA Capability and Application Throughput Parameters
55
HSUPA BEARER PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION (TFC) SELECTED BY THE

SCHEDULER
Defined in 3GPP Specifications
56
HSUPA CAPABLE TERMINAL PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Receiver equipment
Frequency bands
Noise figures
Gain and losses
DL rake factor
Rho factor
HSDPA and HSUPA capabilities

UE category
MUD factor
57
HSUPA UE CATEGORY PROPERTIES

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
USER EQUIPMENT (UE) CAPABILITIES DEFINED IN 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS
58
DISPLAY OPTIONS FOR HSUPA PREDICTIONS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ON EACH PIXEL, YOU CAN DISPLAY
The E-DPDCH Ec/Nt required to otain the HSUPA bearer
The terminal power required to obtain the HSUPA bearer
The RLC peak rate that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The minimum RLC throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
The application throughput that the HSUPA bearer can provide
Etc.
59
NOISE RISE SCHEDULING MODELLING

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ATOLL DETERMINES THE BEST HSUPA BEARER THAT EACH USER CAN
OBTAIN
PROCESS : PREDICTION DONE VIA LOOK-UP TABLES
Calculation of the
remaining load
Load sharing
between users
calculation of the
maximum E-DPDCH
Ec/Nt allowed
HSUPA bearer
selection
Look-up of RLC
peak rate
MODELLING FOR A SINGLE USER
Each pixel of the map is considered as one HSUPA user
Each HSUPA user is processed as if he is the only user in the cell => He
uses the entire remaining load of the cell
MODELLING FOR SEVERAL USERS
Atoll considers several HSUPA users per pixel
The remaining load of the cell is equally shared between users
60
HSUPA PREDICTION EXAMPLE

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
HSUPA Study Display per RLC peak rate for a single user
61
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
62
5. MONTE-CARLO BASED SIMULATION
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
SIMULATION PROCESS
SIMULATION CREATION
SIMULATION RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS
63
SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
WHATS A SIMULATION IN ATOLL?

Distribution of users at a given moment (= Snapshot)
PURPOSE
Simulate network regulation mechanisms for a user distribution
Uplink and downlink power control on R99 bearers
Fast link adaptation in order to select HSDPA bearers
Noise rise scheduling in order to select HSUPA bearers
Obtaining network parameters

Mobile: active set, required power, etc
Cell: total DL power, UL load, etc
THREE STEPS
1. Obtaining a realistic user distribution
2. Modelling network power control, fast link adaptation and noise rise
scheduling
3. Calculating network parameters
Dimensioning information
AT271_SL3G_E0
64
SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
REQUIREMENT: TRAFFIC MAP(S)
THE USER DISTRIBUTION IS GENERATED USING A MONTE-CARLO

ALGORITHM
Based on traffic database and traffic map(s)
Weighted by a poisson distribution
EACH USER IS ASSIGNED
A service, a mobility type, a terminal and an activity status by random trial

According to a probability law using traffic database
A shadowing error
Using the probability distribution that describes the shadowing effect
A geographic position in the traffic zone by random trial

According to the clutter weighting and indoor ratio
65
SIMULATION PROCESS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ITERATIVE ALGORITHM
During each iteration, all the mobiles attempt to connect one by one to
network transmitters
Process repeated until convergence
SIMULATION ALGORITHM DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS
R99 part: All users are evaluated

Simulation of power control, congestion and radio resource control
performed for R99 bearers for R99, HSDPA and HSUPA users
HSDPA part: HSDPA bearer users are then evaluated

Simulation of fast link adaptation, scheduling of HSDPA users and
radio resource control
HSUPA part: HSUPA users are then evaluated

Simulation of noise rise scheduling and radio resource control of
HSUPA users
66
SIMULATION CREATION
Atoll 2.7.1
Number of simulations to
run
for
the
current
session
Level of detail in
simulation outputs
Respect
of
cell
constraints or not
Optional multiplicative factor
R99 to R99 Bearer,

HSDPA to R99 Bearer
and HSUPA to R99
Bearer
Downgrading
Allowed
Cartography selection
AT271_SL3G_E0
67
SIMULATION RESULTS (1)
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ANALYSIS PROVIDED OVER THE FOCUS ZONE
6 TABS : STATISTICS, SITES, CELLS, MOBILES, SHADOWING VALUES (IF

DETAILED RESULTS), INITIAL CONDITIONS
68
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Writes the UL load factor, the total

DL power, the UL reuse factor, the
HSDPA power, the number of
HSDPA users, the UL load factor
due to HSDPA and the number of
HSUPA users into the Cells table
69
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
Display the Users (Terminals) on the map

depending on the Connection Status
70
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS (1)

Atoll 2.7.1
CALCULATION OF UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA PREDICTION STUDIES BASED

ON SIMULATIONS
Analysis of a single simulation

Prediction based on the results of the
simulation (DL power, UL load factor, etc)
Average analysis of all the simulations in a group

Prediction based on the average of simulations in
the group (average DL power, average UL load
factor, etc)
Statistical analysis of all the simulations in a group with a probability

e.g. A group of 10 simulations and a probability set
to 0.8
10 calculations of the studied criterion, each of
them based on the results of a simulation (DL power,
UL load factor, etc). In order for the pixel to be
coloured, the studied criterion must be satisfied in at
least 8 calculations.
AT271_SL3G_E0
71
ANALYSIS OF SIMULATIONS (2)

Atoll 2.7.1
AS ANALYSIS BASED ON SIMULATIONS
Analysis of a single simulation
Prediction based on the results of the

simulation (DL power and UL load factor)
Average analysis of all the simulations in a group
Prediction based on the average of simulations in the

group (average DL power, average UL load factor, etc)
AT271_SL3G_E0
72
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
73
6. NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
NEIGHBOUR GRAPHICAL DISPLAY
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS MANUALLY
EXPORTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
74
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR

RELATIONSHIPS
POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO IMPORT A LIST OF NEIGHBOURS
Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbours are mixed in the same table
PREREQUISITES
A text file with at least 2 columns

Source cells and neighbour cells
Relationships must be defined between Atoll format cell names
75
Atoll 2.7.1

RELATIONSHIPS
AT271_SL3G_E0
76
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
MANAGEMENT OF INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOURS
One allocation algorithm dedicated to intra-carrier neighbours and another

one for inter-carrier neighbours
POSSIBILITY TO DEFINE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONSTRAINTS TO BE

CONSIDERED DURING THE AUTOMATIC NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION
Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbourhood constraints are mixed in the

same table
List of neighbour relationships you may

force or forbid
ALLOCATION PARAMETERS
Maximum number of neighbours

Global value for all the cells or value specified for each cell
Maximum inter-site distance
Allocation strategy based on the overlapping of cell coverage

77

Atoll 2.7.1
INTRA-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Coverage conditions
Overlapping criterion
Start allocation
AT271_SL3G_E0
Calculation options
Do not select the option

if you want to keep
existing neighbours
78

Atoll 2.7.1
OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Intra-Carrier)

% Min covered area is defined by the formula : (S A SB) / SA where :
- SA is the best server area of cell A.
Cell A is the first one in the AS
- SB is the area where cell B can enter the AS of cell A
B best server area
(Candidate)
A best server area

B
(Reference)
A
SA S B :
Area where :
Ec/Io(B) Ec/Io(A) Ec/Io margin(A)
Minimum
Ec/Io for A
AT271_SL3G_E0
79

Atoll 2.7.1
INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Coverage conditions
Start allocation
AT271_SL3G_E0
Calculation options

if you want to keep
existing neighbours
80

Atoll 2.7.1
OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Inter-Carrier Carrier saturation)

% Min covered area is defined by the formula : (S A SB) / SB where :
- SA is the best server area (on carrier 1) + Handoff area of cell A
- SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2)
B best server area

(Carrier 2 - Candidate)
A best server area
Minimum
Ec/Io for A
AT271_SL3G_E0
(Carrier 1 - Reference)
Best Ec/Io for A Ec/Io Margin
81

Atoll 2.7.1
OVERLAPPING CRITERION (Inter-Carrier Out of carrier coverage)

% Min covered Area is defined by the formula : (SA SB) / SB where :
- SA is the coverage area of A + Ec/Io margin (and best server on carrier 1)
- SB is the best server area of cell B (on carrier 2)
B best server area

(Carrier 2 - Candidate)
B
Minimum Ec/Io
for A and A best
server area
(Carrier 1 Reference)
Minimum Ec/Io
for A + Ec/Io
Margin
AT271_SL3G_E0
82

Atoll 2.7.1
ALLOCATION RESULT
Sorted list of neighbours with allocation reasons and importance value

(0-1)
Allocation results
Sort and filtering tools
Commit selected
neighbours only
AT271_SL3G_E0
83

Atoll 2.7.1
DISPLAY OF INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOURHOOD LINKS

ON THE MAP
Calculate a coverage by transmitter and display it on the map
Select the icon
in the toolbar and click a transmitter on the map
Symmetric link: Site17_1(0)

is neighbour of Site23_1(0)
and vice-versa
Outwards link: Site27_0(0)
is neighbour of Site23_1(0)
Inwards link: Site23_1(0)
is neighbour of
Site22_0(0)
Neighbourhood relationships of Site23_1(0)
AT271_SL3G_E0
84

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
POSSIBILITY TO DISPLAY NEIGHBOUR CHARACTERISTICS ON THE MAP
Calculate a coverage by transmitter and display it on the map
Display neighbour relationships of the desired transmitter
Click the icon
from the toolbar
85
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS

MANUALLY
POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS ON THE MAP

USING THE CTRL AND SHIFT SHORTCUTS
For intra-carrier neighbourhood links only
POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE INTRA-CARRIER AND INTER-CARRIER

NEIGHBOURS IN THE TRANSMITTER PROPERTY DIALOGUE
Neighbour list of Site23_1(0)

List of transmitters within a 30 km radius
from the selected one (sorted in a ascending
inter-site distance order)
86
EXPORTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS

Atoll 2.7.1
POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO EXPORT THE LIST OF NEIGHBOURS
Intra-carrier and inter-carrier neighbours are mixed in the same table
AT271_SL3G_E0
87
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
88
7. SCRAMBLING CODE PLANNING
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
GENERAL SETTINGS
AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
SCRAMBLING CODE SEARCH TOOL
SCRAMBLING CODE HISTOGRAMS
SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONE PREDICTION
89
GENERAL SETTINGS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
512 SCRAMBLING CODES AVAILABLE (0-511)
POSSIBILITY TO MANAGE COORDINATION PROBLEMS AND SEPARATIONS

BETWEEN SCRAMBLING CODES
Definition of domains and groups of scrambling codes

1 domain = set of groups
1 group consists of several scrambling codes
A domain of scrambling codes may be assigned to each cell

Cells table
POSSIBILITY TO SPECIFY PAIRS OF CELLS WHICH CANNOT HAVE THE SAME

SCRAMBLING CODE
90
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
ALLOCATION CRITERIA
First, second and third order neighbours
Additional conditions on Ec/Io
Reuse distance
Comparison between the inter-transmitter distance and the reuse
distance (can be defined at the cell level)
SC domain assigned to the cell
Number of scrambling codes per cluster
Forbidden pairs
ALLOCATION STRATEGIES
Clustered
Use a minimum number of clusters
Distributed per Cell

Use as many clusters as possible
One Cluster per site
Distributed per site

Use a group of adjacent clusters per site
ALLOCATION OPTIONS
Possibility to force the largest spectrum possible
Possibility to allocate carriers identically

91
Atoll 2.7.1
EXAMPLES OF ALLOCATION STRATEGIES
CONDITIONS
CLUSTERED
ONE CLUSTER
PER SITE
AT271_SL3G_E0
3 clusters consisted of 8 codes :

Cluster 0 : 0 to 7
Cluster 1 : 8 to 15
Cluster 2 : 16 to 23
Maximum use of codes
DISTRIBUTED
PER CELL
DISTRIBUTED
PER SITE
92
Atoll 2.7.1
Contraints on neighbour relationships
Allocation strategy
Start allocation
AT271_SL3G_E0
93
Atoll 2.7.1
Allocation result
Commit scrambling
codes to cells
AT271_SL3G_E0
94
SCRAMBLING CODE SEARCH TOOL

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
TOOL TO VIEW SCRAMBLING CODE REUSE ON THE MAP
Calculate a Coverage by Transmitter

and display it on the Map
Scrambling code or group of scrambling codes
to be located on the map
Colours given to transmitters

Red : transmitters which cells
have the specified scrambling
code
Grey : Other transmitters
95
SCRAMBLING CODE HISTOGRAMS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
VIEW OF THE SCRAMBLING CODE DISTRIBUTION
Scrambling Code or
Cluster Distribution
Dynamic Pointer
Distribution Table
96
Atoll 2.7.1
SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONE

PREDICTION
AT271_SL3G_E0
DISPLAY OF SCRAMBLING CODE INTERFERENCE ZONES ACCORDING TO

THE INTERFERED TRANSMITTER
Scrambling code interference when the best server and other

transmitters satisfying conditions to enter the user AS have the same
scrambling code
97
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
98
8. GSM/TDMA-UMTS CO-PLANNING
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
LINKING GSM AND UMTS PROJECTS
CREATING A UMTS TRANSMITTER FROM A GSM ONE
IMPORTING EXISTING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS MANUALLY
99
LINKING GSM AND UMTS PROJECTS

Atoll 2.7.1
PREREQUISITE
AT271_SL3G_E0
Both GSM and UMTS projects need to be opened
CREATE LINKS ON SITES, TRANSMITTERS AND PREDICTIONS
From the GSM project into the UMTS project in order to plan GSM
neighbours of UMTS cells
100
Atoll 2.7.1
CREATE A UMTS TRANSMITTER FROM A GSM

ONE
AT271_SL3G_E0
PREREQUISITE
Both GSM and UMTS projects need to be opened and linked
The list of GSM and UMTS sites must be identical
BY DEFAULT, THE NEWLY CREATED UMTS TRANSMITTER
Is based on the default UMTS station template selected
Is located on the same site as the GSM one
Has same antenna height, azimuth and mechanical tilt (these can then be
adjusted if desired)
101
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0

RELATIONSHIPS
POSSIBILITY TO COPY/PASTE OR TO IMPORT A LIST OF NEIGHBOURS IN

THE INTER-TECHNOLOGY NEIGHBOURS TABLE
PREREQUISITE
A text file with at least 2 columns

Source cells and neighbour cells
Relationships must be defined between Atoll format cell names
102
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
PREREQUISITE
Existing link on the Transmitters folder of the GSM .atl document into the
UMTS .atl document
POSSIBILITY TO DEFINE NEIGHBOURHOOD CONSTRAINTS TO BE

CONSIDERED DURING THE AUTOMATIC NEIGHBOUR ALLOCATION (INTERTECHNOLOGY EXCEPTIONAL PAIRS)
ALLOCATION PARAMETERS
Maximum number of neighbours

Global value for all the cells or value specified for each cell
Maximum inter-site distance
2 allocation strategies
Based on distance
Based on overlapping of GSM and UMTS cell coverage
103

Atoll 2.7.1
INTER-CARRIER NEIGHBOUR AUTOMATIC ALLOCATION
Calculation options
Coverage overlapping optional

UMTS coverage conditions
GSM coverage conditions
Start allocation
AT271_SL3G_E0

if you want to keep
existing neighbours
104

Atoll 2.7.1
ALLOCATION RESULT
Sort and filtering tools
Allocation results
Commit selected
neighbours only
AT271_SL3G_E0
105

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
DISPLAY OF INTER-TECHNOLOGY NEIGHBOURHOOD LINKS ON THE MAP
Click the icon
from the tool bar
Select the icon
in the tool bar and click on a transmitter on the map
106
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
MODIFYING NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS

MANUALLY
POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE NEIGHBOUR RELATIONSHIPS ON THE MAP

USING THE CTRL AND SHIFT SHORTCUTS
POSSIBILITY TO ADD/REMOVE GSM NEIGHBOURS
List of GSM
neighbours of
Site71_U2(0)
List of GSM
transmitters within a
30 km radius from
the selected UMTS
cell (sorted in an
ascending inter-site
distance order)
107
TRAINING PROGRAM
Atoll 2.7.1

AT271_SL3G_E0
108
9. USING DRIVE TESTS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
IMPORT OF TEST MOBILE DATA PATH
DRIVE TEST MANAGEMENT
DRIVE TEST GRAPHIC ANALYSIS
109
IMPORT OF TEST MOBILE DATA PATHS
Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
OVERVIEW
Measurement path related to a serving cell and its neighbours
Check and improve the network quality
IMPORT
Supported files
Any ASCII text file (with tab, semi-colon or blank character as
separator)
TEMS FICS-Planet export (*.pln)
TEMS text export (*.fmt)
Procedure
Standard import as in Excel
Mandatory information
Position of measurement points
ID of Active set members or ID of Scanned cells

You can import any additional information related to measurement
points
Definition and storage of import configurations
Multiple import
110
DRIVE TESTS MANAGEMENTS

Atoll 2.7.1
TABLE
List of all the measurement points with their attributes and additional
information
AT271_SL3G_E0
Standard content management and tools (filters, copy-paste, etc...)
111

Atoll 2.7.1
MANAGEMEMENT OF MEASUREMENT PATH POINTS
Option of extracting a
field related to a specific
transmitter along a path
Creation of any prediction on the

transmitters measured along the
path
Option of creating as many CW

measurement paths as the number of
involved transmitters along the path.
These data can be used to calibrate
any propagation model
AT271_SL3G_E0
112

Atoll 2.7.1
Filter per
type(s)
of clutter
Advanced filter
on additional
survey data
AT271_SL3G_E0
Permanent
deletion of outof-filter points
113

Atoll 2.7.1
List of defined
studies in the
measurement table
Option of preparing additional prediction

studies along the path using the existing
transmitter parameters (antennas,
propagation models, etc)
AT271_SL3G_E0
114

Atoll 2.7.1
Using the Atoll display dialog, you can

display the points according to any data
contained in the measurement table
AT271_SL3G_E0
115
DRIVE TESTS GRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Atoll 2.7.1
TEST MOBILE DATA ANALYSIS WINDOW
AT271_SL3G_E0
Display on the map
Transmitters
measured and
indexed for the
current point.
116
DRIVE TESTS GRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Atoll 2.7.1
AT271_SL3G_E0
TEST MOBILE DATA ANALYSIS WINDOW
Option of displaying
variation of any
selected numeric
field along the
selected path
Synchronisation
table map
measurement
window
117
Atoll 2.7.1
THANK YOU!
AT271_SL3G_E0
118

Umts Hspa Basic

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Atoll 2.7.

THE UMTS HSPA MODULE

1. UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA Concepts

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

UMTS CONCEPTS (1)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

THE UMTS PLANNING CHALLENGE

Multiservice + multi-rate + high-rate

Code division multiple access technique

Mutual degradation of radio links defeated by sophisticated power

Coverage linked to traffic & services

REALISTIC UMTS PLANNING

UMTS CONCEPTS (2)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

CPICH - COMMON PILOT CHANNEL

CPICH power equivalent to BCCH carrier power in gsm

Approx. 5%..20% of the total carrier power

UMTS CONCEPTS (3)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

UMTS handoff strategy different from GSM hard handoff

Mobile Active Set

Soft-soft, softer-soft, soft-softer

UMTS CONCEPTS (4)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

Set of transmitters connected to mobile

Active set determination

Minimum Ec/Io : Pilot quality threshold

Handover margin : Active Set threshold

Ec/Io within a margin of best server

UMTS CONCEPTS (5)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

WCDMA RECEPTION PARAMETER

"Energy per bit" is the generic radio reception requirement

Eb : Energy of one bit ( Ws/ kb that is to say J / kb)

UMTS CONCEPTS (6)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

Power control on traffic channel

HSDPA CONCEPTS (1)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) IS A 3GPP RELEASE 5 FEATURE

Designed for data service applications

New physical channels (modelled in Atoll)

HSDPA CONCEPTS (2)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

NEW TRANSPORT AND PHYSICAL CHANNELS ON THE DOWNLINK

HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel): Transport channel

HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

HSDPA CONCEPTS (3)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

NEW PHYSICAL CHANNEL ON THE UPLINK

FAST LINK ADAPTATION INSTEAD OF POWER CONTROL

HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

The HS-DSCH is transmitted at constant power over a TTI

HSDPA CONCEPTS (4)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

FAST SCHEDULING AT NODE B

Different scheduling techniques

The mobile has only one link from its best-server

HSDPA CONCEPTS (5)

1. UMTS, HSDPA AND HSUPA CONCEPTS

The cell power is shared between R99 and HSDPA users

Two strategies possible for the HSDPA power allocation:

HSUPA CONCEPTS (1)