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Water Pollution
- Water pollution refers to degradation of water quality.
We generally look at the intended use of the water, how far
it departs from the norm, it effects on public health or
ecological view, a pollutant is any biological, physical or
chemical substance that in identifiable excess is known to
be harmful to other desirable living organisms.
Surface water
1. Industrial Effluent
2. Urban runoff
3. Agricultural runoff
4. Accidental spills of
chemicals
5. Sediments
6. Air fallouts
7. Salinity Intrusion
Groundwater
1. Leaks from waste disposal site
2. Saltwater intrusion into coastal
aquifers.
3. Seepage from mines and septic
systems.
4. Seepage from pesticides.
5. Seepage from accidental spills.
6. Seepage polluted stream
EUTROPHICATION
Wastewater Treatment
The water used for industrial and municipal purposes is
often degraded during use by the addition of suspended
solids, salts, nutrients, bacteria, and oxygen-demanding
material.
Saline water
gradually intruding
landward because of
low flow availability
along the Ganges
Waste management
3R : Reduce, Reuse or Recycle
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Waste left
If u r putting higher importance subsequently on reduce, reuse and recycle
.less waste left for treatment. Right diagram is the best practice while the left
as the worst practice.
Methods
Composting: is a biochemical process in which
organic materials such as lawn clippings and
kitchen scraps decompose to a rich, soil-like
material.
Incineration: combustible waste is burned at
temperatures high enough (900-10000C) or
(1650-18300F) to consume all combustible
material, leaving only ash and noncombustibles to dispose of in a landfill.
Ocean Dumping
International treaty signed by many countries
bans ocean dumping of radiological, chemical ,
biological warfare agents and high-level
radioactive waste.
Types of waste dumped in ocean
Dredge soil
Industrial waste
Sewage sludge
Construction and demolition debris
Solid waste