S.V.M.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
CHINCHOLI

PROEJCT PRESENTAION
GUIDDED BYPROFESSOR MURKUTE .

PRESENTED BYKOMAL AHIRRAO (02)

ASHWINI SHAHANE (03)
LEENA DHANAGAR (04)
SMITA KHELUKAR (08)

ENERGY

WHAT IS ENERGY?

It comes in different forms -heat (thermal), light

(radiant), mechanical, electrical, chemical, and nuclear
energy. Energy is in everything.
We use energy to do everything, from making a jump
shot to baking our favorite cookies to sending
astronauts into space -- energy is there, making sure
we have the power to do it all.
There are two types of energy -- stored (potential)
energy and working (kinetic) energy.
All forms of energy are stored in different ways, in the
energy sources that we use every day. These sources
are divided into two groups renewable and
nonrenewable. Renewable and nonrenewable energy
sources can be used to produce secondary energy
sources including electricity and hydrogen.

We use all these energy sources to generate the

electricity we need for our homes, businesses,
schools, and factories. Electricity "energizes" our
computers, lights, refrigerators, washing machines,
and air conditioners, to name only a few uses.
We use energy to run our cars and trucks. Both the
gasoline used in our cars, and the diesel fuel used in
our trucks are made from oil. The propane that fuels
our outdoor grills and makes hot air balloons soar is
made from oil and natural gas.

TWO TYPES OF ENERGY

THERE ARE MAINLY TWO TYPES OF ENERGY:

-NON RENEWBLE ENERGY SOURCE

-RENEWBLE ENERGY SOURCE

NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCE

These are the sources which once used are lost for ever
and can not be replenished.
Right now, crude oil (petroleum) is the only naturally
liquid commercial fossil fuel.
Natural gas and propane are normally gases, and coal is
a solid. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are all
considered fossil fuels because they formed from the
buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions
of years ago.
Uranium ore, a solid, is mined and converted to a
fuel. Uranium is not a fossil fuel.

These energy
sources are
considered
nonrenewable
because they
can not be
replenished
(made again) in
a short period of
time.

RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCE

Renewable energy sources can be replenished in a short

period of time.
The Six renewable sources used most often are:
1.biomass
2. Tidal
3.geothermal
4.wind
5.Solar
6.Hydroelectric

BIOMASS ENERGY

Biomass is organic material made from plants and animals.

Biomass contains stored energy from the sun.
Plants absorb the sun's energy in a process called
photosynthesis. The chemical energy in plants gets passed on
to animals and people that eat them.
Biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always
grow more trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Some
examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some
garbage.
When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as
heat. If you have a fireplace, the wood you burn in it is a
biomass fuel. Wood waste or garbage can be burned to
produce steam for making electricity, or to provide heat to
industries and homes.

Burning biomass is not the

only way to release its energy.
Biomass can be converted to
other usable forms of energy
like methane gas or
transportation fuels like ethanol
and biodiesel. Smelly stuff, like
rotting garbage, and agricultural
and human waste, release
methane gas - also called
"landfill gas" or "biogas." Crops
like corn and sugar cane can be
fermented to produce the
transportation fuel, ethanol.
Biodiesel, another
transportation fuel, can be
produced from left-

Over food products like

vegetable oils and
animal fats.
Biomass fuels provide
about 3 percent of the
energy used in the
United States. People
in the USA are trying to
develop ways to burn
more biomass and less
fossil fuels.

TIDAL ENERGY

The sea is a huge source of water and energy.

Everyday movement of water level along seashore is
known as tides. Tides raise the water level by few
meters.
The energy possessed by rising and falling water in
tides is known as tidal energy. Electricity can be
produced by such tides.
A dam is constructed across narrow opening to the sea.
The water moves in and out from this opening during
tides. As soon as water flows through opening it flows
over the turbines fixed inside the dam. Turbine rotates
and generates electricity.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY?
The word geothermal comes
from the Greek words geo
(earth) and therme (heat).
So, geothermal energy is
heat from within the earth.
We can use the steam and
hot water produced inside the
earth to heat buildings or
generate electricity.
Geothermal energy is a
renewable energy source
because the water is
replenished by rainfall and
the heat is continuously
produced inside the earth.

ENERGY INSIDE THE CORE OF THE EARTH

- Geothermal energy is generated in the earth's core, about
4,000 miles below the surface. Temperatures hotter than the
sun's surface are continuously produced inside the earth by the
slow decay of radioactive particles, a process that happens in
all rocks.
-The earth has a number of different layers.The crust is the
outermost layer of the earth, the land that forms the continents
and ocean floors.
Magma comes close to the earth's surface near the edges of
these plates. This is where volcanoes occur. The lava that
erupts from volcanoes is partly magma. Deep underground, the
rocks and water absorb the heat from this magma.

WIND ENERGY

Wind is simple air in motion. It is

caused by the uneven heating of
the earths surface by the sun.
Since the earths surface is made
of very different types of land and
water, it absorbs the suns heat
at different rates.
During the day, the air above the
land heats up more quickly than
the air over water. The warm air
over the land expands and rises,
and the heavier, cooler air
rushes in to take its place,
creating winds. At night, the
winds are reversed because the
air cools more rapidly over land
than over water.

In the same way, the large

atmospheric winds that circle the
earth are created because the
land near the earth's equator is
heated more by the sun than the
land near the North and South
Poles.
Wind mills convert wind energy to
electrical energy. Windmills has
structure similar to a large electric
fans. It is erected at some height
on rigid support.The blades are
designed in such a way that they
creates pressure difference.

Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate

electricity. Wind is called a renewable energy source
because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines.

SOLAR ENERGY

Energy from the sun:

The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar
energy is the suns rays (solar radiation) that reach the earth.
Solar energy can be converted into other forms of energy,
such as heat and electricity. In the 1830s, the British
astronomer John Herschel used a solar thermal collector box
(a device that absorbs sunlight to collect heat) to cook food
during an expedition to Africa. Today, people use the sun's
energy for lots of things.
Solar energy can be converted to thermal (or heat) energy
and used to:
-Heat water for use in homes, buildings, or swimming pools.
-Heat spaces inside greenhouses, homes, and other
buildings.

Solar energy can be converted to electricity in two

ways:
Photovoltaic (PV devices) or solar cells change
sunlight directly into electricity. PV systems are often
used in remote locations that are not connected to the
electric grid. They are also used to power watches,
calculators, and lighted road signs.
Solar Power Plants - indirectly generate electricity
when the heat from solar thermal collectors is used to
heat a fluid which produces steam that is used to power
generator. Out of the 15 known solar electric
generating units operating in the United States at the
end of 2006, 10 of these are in California, and 5 in
Arizona. No statistics are being collected on solar
plants that produce less than 1 megawatt of electricity,
so there may be smaller solar plants in a number of
other states.

SOLAR COOKER

A solar oven or solar cooker is a device which uses

sunlight as its energy source.
Because they use no fuel and they cost nothing to run,
humanitarian organizations are promoting their use
worldwide to help slow deforestation and desertification,
caused by using wood as fuel for cooking.

 DISADVANTAGES:
The major disadvantages of solar energy are:
- The amount of sunlight that arrives at the earth's surface is
not constant. It depends on location, time of day, time of
year, and weather conditions.
- Because the sun doesn't deliver that much energy to any one
place at any one time, a large surface area is required to
collect the energy at a useful rate.

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

Water flowing through

river is also one of the
source of energy.
Energy of flowing water
is utilized to produce
electricity at
hydroelectric power
stations.
Dams are constructed
to store the water by
obstructing flow of
water of river.

In this process, kinetic

energy is converted into
potential energy.
The water from the top of
pipes over the turbine
blades the dam is allowed to
flow through at the bottom of
the dam.
Moving turbines rotate the
armature of the electric
generator to produce
electricity.

This energy is known as

hydroelectric energy which

is then fed into the electrical
grid to be used in homes,
businesses, and by industry.

SAVE ENERGY

Exploiting any source of energy disturbs the environment

in some way or another.
In any given situation, the source we would choose
depends on factors such as the ease of extracting
energy from the source, the efficiency of the technology
available and the environmental damage that will caused
by using that source.
Research continues to produce longer lasting devices
that will cause less damage throughout their life.

REFERENCES

Shailaga Sangle
Environment Studies (Towards sustainable
development)

www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.
html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy
www.Knowledge.Allianz.com
www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/n_renew/energy.htm
www.energy.gov/