Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
GEOGRAPHY
– an organized economy
Nationality and Ethnicity
• Nationality = tied together through a legal
status
• Ethnicity = groups with distinct ancestry
and cultural traditions
• Race = groups defined narrowly by skin
color and other physical characteristics
NATION - STATE
Classic Example of
a Nation-State:
Japan
NATION
Must a
nation be
a place?
Shape
• Compact
• Prorupt
• Elongated
• Fragmented
• Perforated
Types of territoriality
State
Ethnic
Religious
Racial
Fears of
“Balkanization”
(splitting state)
But common
defiance of
outsiders
Pan-isms
(Uniting same group from different states)
Religious: Pan-Islamic
Racial: Pan-African
States: Pan-American
Kurds
Ethnic group in
Turkey, Iraq,
Iran, Syria.
Many Kurds
for state of
Kurdistan.
Religion:
Sunnis vs.
Shi’as
Rulers were
Sunni Arab
Iranians
Iran-Iraq War,
1980-88
Armenian (above)
and Azeri views
Kashmir conflict
KASHMIR
(CHINA)
Fails to recognize
differences within each “bloc.”
Bush’s View
of the World
Problem:
some former
allies later
seen as “evil”
GEOPOLITICS
Berlin
Conference
divides map
of Africa,
1884
Ethnic nations split between
and within colonial empires
(British, French, Russian)
Kosovo
military
zones
European euro
Union
Began as
European
Economic
Community
(EEC), 1957.
Stronger in 1994
10 new members
to join, 2004
United Nations member states
Switzerland 2002
Other international alliances
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Alberta-
Montana
U.S.-
Mexico
boundary
Calexico, California-
Mexicali, Mexico
Politics of Geography
Effect of place on politics
Example:
Making political boundaries
Congressional reapportionment
Levels of
administrative
regions
ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY
Political Geography of Elections
Redistricting for
partisan purposes
1860 Presidential Vote