Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
&
HEALTH INDICATORS
BY
Prof.. MAGED SAYED KHATTAB
MRCGP(UK),MHPE(USA),MD(SCU)
Definition
The diagnosis of disease in an individual patient is
a fundamental idea in medicine. It is based on
signs and symptoms and the making of inferences
from them.
When this is applied to a community, it is known
as community diagnosis. The community
diagnosis may be defined as the pattern of disease
in a community described in terms of the
important factors which influence this pattern.
*Community Diagnosis :
1. Demography, including all vital rates.
2. The causes of morbidity and mortality (by
age and sex groups).
3. Use of health services including especially
maternal and child health clinics.
4. Nutrition, diet and weaning pattern, and
the growth of preschool and school
children.
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Health indicators
-
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Examples
Growth monitoring indicators
First year at least five times
2nd year at least twice
3rd year at least one
Immunization coverage
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Socioeconomic indicators
Illiteracy
Unemployment rate
Poverity
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4. Fertility rate
Number of live births reported during a given
time interval x 1000 /estimated number of
women age 15-44 years at midinterval
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HEALTH INDICATORS
Total population (millions)
World : 5,981.0
Developed countries: 1,181.0
Developing countries: 4,800.0
Egypt : 66.9
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Community Treatment
Community treatment or community health action is the
sum of steps decided upon to meet the health needs of
the community taking into account the resources
available and the wishes of the people, as revealed by
community diagnosis.
Improvement of water supplies, immunization, health
education, control of specific diseases, health
legislation are examples of community health action or
interventions. Action may be taken at three levels: at
the level of the individual, at the level of the family and
at the level of the community.
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3-Notification of diseases
5. Population surveys
The routine statistics collected from the above
sources do not provide all the information about
health and disease in the community. This calls for
population surveys to supplement the routinely
collected statistics or information about community
diagnosis.
The term health survey is used for surveys relating
to any aspect of health-morbidity, mortality,
nutritional status, etc.
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b)
c)
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- Breastfeeding indicators
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Title
Definition
Source
Maternity Services
1.
Exclusively
breastfed by
natural mother
Num: No. f infants exclusively breastfed by their natural mothers from birth
to discharge
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
2.
Breast milk
substitutes and
supplies receipt
rate
Num: No. .of mothers who received breast milk substitutes, infant feeding
bottles, or teats at any time prior to discharge or during an antenatal visit to
this facility.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
Bottle-fed rate
Num: No. of infants who received any food or drink from a bottle in 24
hours prior to discharge.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
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4.
Rooming-in rate
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
5.
Breastfed rate
6.
Opt.
1
Opt.
2
Exclusively
breast milk fed
rate
Num: No. of infants exclusively breast milk fed from birth to discharge.
Num: No. of infants who received pacifiers at any time prior to discharge.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge.
Maternal
interview at
discharge
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
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Title
Definition
Source
Postnatal/outpatient
1.
2.
Supplementary
feeding and
supplies
recommendation
rate
Num: No. of mothers of breastfed infants less than 4 months old who
received a recommendation or prescription for breast milk substitutes,
supplementary feeding, bottles or teats during the clinic visit.
Supplementary
food and
supplies receipt
rate
Num: No. of mothers of breastfed infants less than 4 months old who receive
breast milk substitutes, supplementary foods, infant feeding bottles or teats,
or coupons for these items during the clinic visit.
Maternal
interviews at
exit
Denom: No. of mothers of breastfed infants less than 4 months old attending
the clinic
Maternal
interviews at
exit
Denom; No. of mothers of breastfed infants less than 4 months old attending
the clinic.
Breastfeeding
discouragement
rate
Maternal
interviews at
exit
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Title
Definition
Source
Paediatric Inpatient
1.
Continued
breastfeeding
rate
Num: No. of mothers of children less than 2 years old who have breastfed
the child within the 24 hours prior to discharge.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
Denom: No. of mothers of breastfed children less than 2 years old who were
breastfed at the time of admission
2.
Access rate
Num: No. of mothers of breastfed children less than2 years old who had
access to the child day and night in order to breastfed.
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
Denom: No. of mother of breastfed children less than 2 years old who were
breastfed at the time of admission
Bottle-feeding
initiation rate
Num: No. of children less than 2 years old not using a bottle on admission
who received anything (including ORS) in a bottle during their stay in the
facility
Maternal
interviews at
discharge
Denom: No. of children less than 2 years old not using a bottle on admission
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Title
Definition
Source
1.
Lactation
amenorrhea
counseling rate
Num: No. of breastfeeding mothers of infants less than 6 weeks old receiving
information about the contraceptive effect of breastfeeding during the
consultation.
Maternal
interviews at
exit
2.
Combined
hormonal
contraceptive
rate.
Num: No. of breastfeeding mothers of infants less than 6 months old given
or prescribed a combined hormonal contraceptive during clinic visit.
Any hormonal
contraceptive
Num: No. of breastfeeding mothers of infants less than 6 weeks old given or
prescribed any hormonal contraceptive during clinic visit.
Maternal
interviews at
exit
Maternal
interviews at
exit
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Thank you
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