Contents

Introduction
Productivity
Method

study.
Work measurement
Masonry systems
Case study.

Introduction
Drawbacks

of bb masonry.
Evolution of large size blocks.
Need for productivity study.
Faster rate of construction.
Projecting planning.
Establishing standard method of construction.

Productivity
Definition: - Productivity is simply defined as
ratio of output to input.
Production

and productivity
Total time of a job
Basic work content
Excess work content

Total time of a job

Excess
work
content

Total time of a job

Basic work
content

Excess work content

Defects

in design or specifications of

product,
Inefficient method of production or
operation,
Inefficient time due to shortcoming on the
part of management,
Due to inefficient time within control of
worker.

Remedies
Reducing

work content

Method study

Reducing

ineffective time

Work measurement

Method study.
Definition:

Method study is systematic recording

and critical examination of existing and proposed
ways of doing work as a means of developing and
applying easier and more effective methods and
reducing costs.

Method study.
(Steps Involved)
Improvement

of process and procedures.

The improvement of work place/shop layout and
design of tools/equipments.
Economy in human efforts and reduction of
unnecessary fatigue.
Improvement in use of materials, machines and
manpower.
Development of better physical working
environment.

Work measurement
Definition: Work measurement is application of
techniques designed to establish the time for
qualified worker to carry out specific job at a
defined level of performance.

Work measurement
To

compare the efficiency of alternative methods,

other conditions being equal the method, which
takes least time, will be the best method.
To balance work of members of team, in
association with multiple activity charts, so that, as
nearly as possible, each member has a task taking
an equal time to perform.
To determine, in association man and machine
multiple activity chart.

Work measurement
To

provide information on which planning,

scheduling of production can be based.
To provide information on which estimates for
tenders, selling price and delivery promises can be
based.
To set standards of labor performance.
To provide information for labor cost control and
to enable standard costs to be fixed and
maintained.

Techniques of work
measurement

Work sampling.
Stop watch time study.
Pre determined time standards.
Standard data.

Work sampling

Definition: Work sampling is method of finding

the percentage occurrence of certain activity by
statistical sampling and random observations.

Deciding sample size:

Statistical method:
The formula used for this method is
P= (p * q / n )1/2
P= Standard Error
p= % of idle time.
q= % of working time.
n= Sample size.

Conducting study
Decide

the objective.
Formulation of the problem.
Examining and recording.
Conclusion.

Examining and recording.

The worker

Working
Record sheet
Date:

Idle
Observer:

No of observations
Working
Idle

Study No.
Total

Examining and recording.

Masonry construction

Direct
Contributory

Indirect
Contributory

Non
contributory

Examining and recording.

Record sheet
Date:

Observer:

No of observations
Direct
Contributory

Indirect
Contributory
Non
contributory

Study No.
Total

Masonry systems
Burnt

clay brick masonry.

Block masonry
Hollow blocks
Solid blocks

Interlocking

block masonry

Interlocking block masonry

Case study.