Intro To DT&R - Drilling Tools

Training & Development
2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
Drilling Tools
Slide 2
Course Objectives
Brief survey of drilling tools required to drill a well, focusing
mainly on BHA tools supplied by DT&R
Slide 3
Content
Drill Bits
Basic Tubular
Stabilizer
Reaming Tools
Misc Tools
Slide 4
BHA
Bottom Hole Assembly
Drilling assembly component from Drill String to the Bit
BHA has become more complex over the years

More complex wells being drilled
More complex tools being introduced
Slide 5
BHA Functions
Prevent unwanted Dogleg and key-seats

Aid in directional drilling
Produce a smooth bore and full size hole
Improve bit performance
Minimize drilling problems
Minimize harmful vibrations
Minimize differential pressure sticking
Reduce production problems
Running casing
Basically help drill wells more effectively
Slide 6
Drill Stem
Tubular components which provide an integral communication
conduit between the drill bit and surface.
Drill String
Drill Pipe
BHA
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Misc XO, Stab, etc
Slide 7
Drill Bits
Slide 8
Drill Bits
At the bottom of the BHA
Drills the well by digging,

crushing or shearing the
formation
Slide 9
Types of Bits
Roller Cone
Slide 10
PDC
Diamond Impreg
Basic Tubulars
Slide 11
Drill Collars
Drill collars are manufactured

from bored solid bar to provide
stiff heavy walled tubular
Slide 12
Drill Collars Specifications
Heat treated steel alloy
Made from bored solid bar stiff heavy walled
Connections in accordance with API specification 7

Phosphate coated
Cold rolled
Stress relief features
Slide 13
Drill Collars Specifications
DC have 2 main function in

lower section of BHA
Provide adequate weight to bit
Maintain drill pipe in tension to
prevent buckling
Slide 14
Drill Collar Options
Slip or elevator recessed

Reduce drill collar handling time
Spiral OD
Spiral feature reduce weight by 4%
Non magnetic option

Avoids magnetic interference
Enables accurate surveys
Hardbanding
Retards OD wear on DC
Slide 15
Drill Collar Applications
Provision of drilling weight

Utilize sufficient safety factor
Assists in deviation control

Maximize diameter
Maximize stiffness
Spiral option
Reduces wall contact
Reduces risk of sticking
Non magnetic option

Avoids magnetic interference
Enables accurate surveys
Slide 16
HWDP Specifications
Similar manufacture as drill pipe with heavy walled tube
Extra long tool joints

More bearing surface, reduce wear
More length for recutting connections
Additional forged center upset

Minimize stress concentration and reduce body center wear
Connections in accordance with API specification 7

Phosphate coated
Stress relief features
Slide 17
HWDP Options
Standard, spiral, non-magnetic

designs
Optional hardmetal on tool joints

and center upset
Slide 18
HWDP Applications
Used in high stressed transition zone between drill collars

and drill pipe
Reduces fatigue damage in drill pipe
Reduce the risk of failure in the transition zone
Can be used in compression for weight on bit

Deviated and horizontal well profiles
Vertical well profiles
Reduced risk of differential sticking
Neutral point is permitted to be in HWDP
Slide 19
HWDP Applications
Increased abrasion resistance
Ease of handling
Rigs with limited capacity
Handled as conventional drill pipe
Widely used in directional applications where its ability to

sustain high bending stresses would limit standard
application of drill pipe or collar
Slide 20
HWDP Applications
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe should be used in the crossover

area of the drill stem when the bending strength ratio
(ratio of I/C or section modulus) between the drill
collars and the drill pipe exceeds 5.5.
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe will provide a gradual transition

in stiffness between the drill collars and drill pipe,
reducing fatigue damage to the drill pipe.
Slide 21
Drill Pipe Specifications
Drill pipe is the main tubular member of drill stem

Commonly known as - Drill string
Transmit rotary torque from surface
To accommodate wide range of application

Drill pipe manufactured in variety of sized and materials
Drill pipe relatively flexible

Experiences majority of bending during downhole operation
Also experience most wear
Slide 22
Drill Pipe Anatomy
Box Tool Joint
Slide 23
Upset Tube
Pin Tool Joint
Drill Pipe Specifications
Drill Pipe Size

Measured by the non-upset portion of the tube
API sizes: 2 3/8, 2 7/8, 3 , 4, 4 , 5, 5 , & 6 5/8
Slide 24
Drill Pipe Weight
Classified by weight per foot
Three different weight terminology

Nominal descriptive weight, refer to wall thickness, not
actual weight
Plain end actual weight per foot of body without tool joint or
upset
Approximate actual average weight of complete pipe with
connection and upsets, the value used in calculations
Slide 25
Size
inches
Wall
inches
Nominal
Weight
lb/ft
Plain End
Weight
lb/ft
Approximate or
Actual Weight
lb/ft
.337
16.60
14.98
17.98
Drill Pipe Grade
Drill pipe strength is defined by a combination of the pipe

grade, weight, size and condition
Grade indicates the minimum yield strength of pipe body in

thousand pounds per square inch
The most common grades used are included here
Tool joints attached to ends of pipe body using inertia

welding
Vary in size to suit application
Made from 120KSI min yield material
Slide 26
E 75
X 95
G 105
S - 135
Stabilizer
Slide 27
Stabilizers
Primary function to centralize

the BHA during drilling
operations
Control inclination i.e. build, hold or
drop
Minimize Vibration
Minimize downhole torque
Reduce damage to the hole wall
Ensure maximum fluid circulation.
Slide 28
Stabilizers Types
Integral blade (IB)
Welded blade
Sleeve blade
DEI stabilizer
Combo tools
Slide 29
IB Stabilizers
Specification
Blade are integral to body
Available in open or full wrap designs
Application
Used to assist in controlling wellbore deviation

Support and centralize BHA
Reduce risk of sticking
Can reduce vibration in BHA
Slide 30
Welded Blade Stabilizers
Blades welded onto drill collar like tubular
Similar specification and application as IB
Cheaper
But not as durable

Chance of blade breaking off downhole
Slide 31
Sleeve Stabilizers
2 piece construction
Mandrel
Sleeve
Can back off downhole when drilling in

shock environment
Slide 32
DEI Stabilizers
Specification
Type 300H
hardfacing
Combination of synthetic DEI and hardfacing

For demanding drilling environment
Longer life and superior wear resistance
Reaming capability
DEI
Slide 33
DEI Stabilizers
Applications
Synthetic DEI maintain hole gage and extend
stabilizer life
Effective stabilizer gage improve BHA performance
DEI configuration allow reaming capability
Suitable for both near bit stabilization and string
application
Can be repaired at authorized field locations
Slide 34
Double Diamond Combo Tool

Tandem full wrap stabilizer placed close together
Benefits
Ideal for deviation control
2 point of stabilization (packed assembly)
Combines extended stabilizer contact with reaming

capability
Improves bit life and performance
Provides ability to maximize weight on bit (WOB)
Vertical Deviation Control
Rotary Packed BHA
Slide 35
Double Diamond Combo Tool

Results
95% Decrease in Reaming
50% Decrease in Rotary Torque
69% Increase in Drilled Section
Deviation Controlled : < 3.7 deg
Gauge Wear : 5/32 inch
Slide 36
Stabilizer Position in BHA
Near-Bit Stabilizer features:

Foot below the blades is very short.
Bottom and top connections are box.
Top connection might be bored for float valve.
String Stabilizer features:

Long (normal) foot length
Bottom connection is normally pin (box is optional).
Box connection might be bored for float valve needs special
precautions when handled!
Slide 37
Blade Form
A straight blade
Generates a lot of torque and drag and vibration
Wider flow area
A spiral blade
Generates less torque and drag and minimal vibration
A right hand spiral

induces cuttings lift and pumps mud upwards
A left hand spiral

pumps mud downwards, retarding cuttings buildup but creating
turbulence (washouts)
Slide 38
Reaming Tools
Slide 39
DOG Sub Drill On Gauge

Drill on Gauge
Placed directly above bit
Improve bit life and performance
Reduce gauge wear on bit
Reaming capability
Can be used as gauge indicator

Full gauge Reamer placed above the bit to assist in maintaining
gauge hole
Applications
Used in hard abrasive formations where the bit goes UG
Ream out hole spiraling
Steerable motor or rotary system
Benefits
Reduced gauge wear on bit
Eliminates reaming to bottom
Improves Bit life & ROP Performance
Slide 42

Advantages
Its short body design and durable

cutting structure enable placement
between the bit and motor in
directional applications.
Suitable for directional applications
Steerable motor or rotary system

Improves BHA sliding
Ream out hole spiraling
Will affect directional tendency if run
between the bit and the motor
Improves bit life and performance
Reduced gauge wear on bit

Eliminates reaming to bottom
Can be used as gauge indicator
Slide 43
Disadvantages
Directional applications increased

distance away from the bit makes
building angle more difficult
Directional assembly tends to drop
T-DOG Sub
Thru-Tubing DOG Sub
Integral body design
Used with SmithDril Motors
Applications:
cement removal and clean out
Removal of scale buildup
Borrox Reamer
Open and sealed bearing rollers

3 or 6 point contact options
Application
Help maintain hole gauge
Torque reduction
Reduce drillstring vibration
Borrox Reamer
Benefits
Maintain Well Bore Gauge Diameter

Ideal for Abrasive Formations and Extended Runs
Torque Reduction
Deviated Well Profiles
Extended Reach and Complex Geometry Wells
Suppression of Drillstring Vibrations

Lateral and Torsional Vibrations
Deviation Control / Stabilization

Packed Hole Assemblies
Slide 46
Provides
Wall Contact and Support
2010 Schlumberger.
All rights reserved.
Borrox Reamer
KSX
RSX
DEX
Slide 47
DEI Reamer
String or near bit reamer
Maintain wellbore gauge
Can be used as stabilizer
No moving parts or seals
Bi- directional reaming
Ideal for top drive back reaming
Reams doglegs / keyseats
Facilitates casing running
Reduces sticking
DEI Reamer
String or near bit reamer designed with PDC parabolic
inserts
Specifications
Slide 49

Bi- directional reaming
Reams doglegs / keyseats
Reduces sticking
DEI Reamer
Applications
Bi- directional reaming in very hard abrasive formations
Benefits

Reduces torque and differential sticking
Slide 50
Misc Tools
Slide 51
Rotary Subs or Cross Over Subs
Rotary Subs have two primary

applications
They can be used to cross over
from one connection size to
another
Disposable component, used to
extend the connection life of a
more expensive drill stem member
Slide 52
Straight OD Subs
Straight OD Sub is used to

connect drill stem members that
have a similar outside diameter
The drill bit, downhole tools,

Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe and drill
pipe can be crossed over using
a Straight OD Sub
Slide 53
Reduced Sub Section
Reduced Section Sub is used to

connect drill stem members that
have different diameters that
warrant the cross-sectional
change necessary to
accommodate different
connections
This sub would be used to cross

over large OD drilling tools or a
tapered drill collar string
Slide 54
Saver Sub
Saver Sub is used to extend the

life of the kelly by taking the
connection wear each time it is
made up to a drill stem
component. The Saver Sub
connection is sacrificed because
it can be easily repaired or
inexpensively replaced.
Slide 55
Top Drive Subs
Top Drive Subs serve as the

sacrificial element between the
drillstring and the top drive,
reducing repair and
maintenance costs.
The Top Drive Sub can easily be

repaired or replaced in the event
the lower pin threads become
galled or damaged.
Slide 56
Lift Subs
A Lift Sub enables the safe,

efficient handling of straight OD
tubulars such as drill collars,
shock tools, jars, directional
equipment and other tools by
using the drill pipe elevator
Slide 57
Float Subs
Float subs
Subs machined with a float bore
inside that can house a float valve.
Float Valves
The float valve (back pressure
valve) prevent drilling fluids from
backflowing up to surface.
2 types
Plunger
Flapper
Slide 58
Universal Bottom-Hole Orienting Sub (UBHO)
Has an internal sleeve retained

by grub screws
Sleeve has a keyway to allow

survey instruments
To seat and be aligned to

toolface
Make sure seals are in good

condition and correct
Type otherwise may wash out
Slide 59
Shock Sub
Axial shock absorber

Absorb the axial vibration and/or
bounce created during the drilling
or milling operations.
Extend cutting structure and

bearing life by reducing impact
loads.
Reduced drill string vibration

extends connection life.
Reduce shock loads on surface

equipment.
Slide 60
Shock Sub
The Shock Tool is designed to

isolate the drill string from axial
deflections produced by the bit
during drilling operations. This
reduces impact on the bit and
drill string and increases
penetration rates by keeping the
bit on bottom during rough
drilling conditions.
Slide 61
Misc Subs
Circulating Sub
Drop a dart or a ball open a circ
port to the annulus
Jet Sub
Similar to circulating sub but has
multiple ports for cleaning subsea
wellheads after riserless drilling
Slide 62
Thread Protectors
Thread protectors are available

in three types:
Cast Steel, with lifting bail, are

made from steel castings and are
equipped with heavy-duty bails
suitable for picking up and laying
down a drill collar with the catline.
Pressed Steel light-duty protectors
are suitable for shipping and
storing threaded drill stem
components only.
Plastic light-duty protectors are
suitable for shipping and storing
threaded drill stem components
Slide 63
only
Drilling Tools
Thank you for
participating.
Slide 64

Intro To DT&R - Drilling Tools

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Training & Development

2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Drilling assembly component from Drill String to the Bit

BHA has become more complex over the years

Prevent unwanted Dogleg and key-seats

At the bottom of the BHA

Drills the well by digging,

Drill collars are manufactured

Drill Collars Specifications

Heat treated steel alloy

Made from bored solid bar stiff heavy walled

Connections in accordance with API specification 7

Drill Collars Specifications

DC have 2 main function in

Drill Collar Options

Slip or elevator recessed

Non magnetic option

Drill Collar Applications

Provision of drilling weight

Assists in deviation control

Non magnetic option

Similar manufacture as drill pipe with heavy walled tube

Extra long tool joints

Additional forged center upset

Connections in accordance with API specification 7

Standard, spiral, non-magnetic

Optional hardmetal on tool joints

Used in high stressed transition zone between drill collars

Can be used in compression for weight on bit

Neutral point is permitted to be in HWDP

Increased abrasion resistance

Widely used in directional applications where its ability to

Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe should be used in the crossover

Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe will provide a gradual transition

Drill Pipe Specifications

Drill pipe is the main tubular member of drill stem

To accommodate wide range of application

Drill pipe relatively flexible

Drill Pipe Anatomy

Box Tool Joint

Pin Tool Joint

Drill Pipe Specifications

Drill Pipe Size

Drill Pipe Weight

Classified by weight per foot

Three different weight terminology

2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

Drill Pipe Grade

Drill pipe strength is defined by a combination of the pipe

Grade indicates the minimum yield strength of pipe body in

The most common grades used are included here

Tool joints attached to ends of pipe body using inertia

Primary function to centralize

Integral blade (IB)

Used to assist in controlling wellbore deviation

Welded Blade Stabilizers

Blades welded onto drill collar like tubular

Similar specification and application as IB

But not as durable

Can back off downhole when drilling in

Combination of synthetic DEI and hardfacing

Double Diamond Combo Tool

Combines extended stabilizer contact with reaming