BTS 1

BTS 3

BTS 2

January 22, 2015

GSM : Communicate on Move ...

G lobal S ystem for M obile

New rapidly expanding & successful technology.
Fully Digitized technology for better speech quality.
Available in almost every part of the world.
Fully compatible with existing Fixed Line Network.
Single number operation with World wide Roaming.
well defined interfaces
Available versions, GSM 900, 1800 & 1900

January 22

GSM : Communicate on Mo

GSM-900 System Specifications

Frequency Range : 890 MHz to 915 MHz for Uplink

935 MHz to 960 MHz for Downlink.
Uses TDM / TDMA technology for Downlink / Uplink.
124 Reusable Spot frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth each.
Each Spot Frequency carries 8 Time slots for Traffic/Signalling.
Separate Logical Signalling & Traffic channels.
Normally 1 Time slot is used for signalling and 7 for Traffic.

January 22

GSM : Communicate on Mo

GSM Network Architecture

OMC

MS

SMSC
BTS 1

AUC
HLR

BTS 3

BSC

EIR

MSC
VLR

MS

January 22

NSS

BTS 2

VMSC

BSS

GSM : Communicate on Mo

PSTN N/W

Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Station consist of two units
Mobile Hand set

Subscriber Identity Module

Mobile Hand set is one of the most complicated

GSM device. It provides user the access to the
Network. Each handset has unique identity no.
called IMEI.

January 22

SIM is a removable module goes into the mobile

handset. Each SIM has unique number called
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
It has built in Micro-computer & memory into it.

GSM : Communicate on Mo

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

BTS has a set of Transceivers to talk to MS.
One BTS covers one or more than one cell.

Antenna
Arrangement

Capacity of BTS depends on no of Transceivers.

BTS is connected to BSC via Abis interface.
Transmission rate on Abis is 2 Mbps.
Interface between MS & BTS is called Air I/f.
BTS controls RF parameters of MS.

January 22

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BTS

Abis network topology

Star configuration
BTS 1

2 Mbit/s PCM Link

Link
PCM
s
/
t
i
2 Mb
k
BSC
L in
BTS
M
C
2
sP
it /
b
M
2

BTS
3

2 Mbit/s PCM Link

Multidrop Configuration

BSC
BTS 1

January 22

GSM : Communicate on Mo

BTS
2

BTS
3

Base Station Controller (BSC)

BSC controls several BTSs.
BSC manages channel allocation, & Handover
of calls from one BTS to another BTS.

BSC

BSC is connected to MSC via A interface.

Interface between BSC & BTS is called Abis I/f.
BSC has database for all of its BTSs parameters.
BSC provides path from MS to MSC.

January 22

GSM : Communicate on Mo

Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

MSC is heart of the entire network connecting Fixed line network to
Mobile network.
MSC manages all call related functions and
Billing information.
MSC is connected to HLR & VLR for subscriber
identification & routing incoming calls.
MSC capacity is in terms of no of subscribers.
Call Detail Record (CDR) is generated for each & every
call in the MSC.

January 22

GSM : Communicate on Mo

MSC

Home Location Register (HLR)

MSC
HLR

All Subscribers data is stored in HLR.

It has permanent data base of all the registered
subscribers.
HLR has series of numbers for all subscribers.

January 22

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Visiting Location Register (VLR)

MSC

VLR

Active Subscriber is registered in VLR.

It has temporary data base of all the active
subscribers used for their call routing.
HLR validates subscriber before registration.
MSC ask VLR before routing incoming call.
Stores temporarily, the location, identification numbers
and service parameter to provide roaming.

January 22

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Authentication Centre (AUC)

MSC
HLR

AUC

Authentication is a process to verify the subscriber SIM.

Secret data & verification algorithm are stored in to the
AUC.
AUC & HLR combined to authenticate the subscribers.
Subscriber authentication can be done on every call, if required.

January 22

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Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

MSC
EIR

All subscriber's mobile handset data is stored in EIR.

MSC asks mobile to send it IMEI & then checks it with
data available in EIR.
EIR has different classification for mobile handsets
like, White list, Grey list & Black list.
According to category the MS can make calls or can be
stopped from making calls.

January 22

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Operation & Maintenance Centre

(OMC)
OMC

All the network elements are connected to OMC.

OMC monitors health of all network elements &
carry out maintenance operation, if required.
OMC link to BTSs are via parent BSC.
OMC keeps records of all the faults occurred.
OMC can also do Traffic analysis.
OMC may prepares MIS Report for the network.

January 22

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VMSC & SMSC

MSC
VMSC

SMSC

Voice Mail Service Centre : To provide Voice Mail service.

It has database for all the VMS subscribers & also stores voice
messages for them.
Short Message Service Centre : To provide text message service.

January 22

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Call Processing in GSM 1

Mobile Originated Call

BTS

BSC

MSC

PSTN N/W

Mobile originated calls goes to BTS first & then to BSC.

BSC forwards this call to MSC.
MSC does authentication & call routing as per dialed digits.

January 22

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Call Processing in GSM 2

Mobile Terminated Call

BTS

BSC

MSC

PSTN N/W

Mobile terminated calls comes to MSC first, where HLR/VLR inquiry

is carried out and as per information the MS is paged in suitable BSC.
BSC forwards this page to all children BTS where actual paging is done.
After BTS gets response from Mobile it allocates channel for this call.
After end of the call BTS informs BSC & MSC.

January 22

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Next Generation Requirements

High Speed Data Communication

Better Quality Voice

Multimedia on Mobile

LAN & Intra-net on Mobile

January 22

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Road Map of Mobile Data

Communications
2G
T
E
C
H
N
O
L
O
G
Y

3G

2.5G

3G
EDGE
GPRS
HSCSD
9.6 Kb/s
1999

January 22

2000 -

TIME

2001 - 2002

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Next Generation Services

Requirements

GSM Mobile service started in India with 2nd Generation service

Capabilities, which supports voice & low speed circuit switched
data.
To support ever increasing demand of the customers many more
advanced services are getting developed on GSM or other digital
mobile platforms. A few of them are listed below :
High Speed Packet Switched Data Connectivity
Multimedia applications
High Speed Remote Corporate LAN Access
Web Browsing, E-mail, fax, wireless imaging
Video Telephoney and TV broadcasting
Blue Tooth Services

January 22

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Present mobile Services & Technology 1

GPRS SERVICES :

Optimized protocol for packet switched data.

Offer Data services upto 170 Kbps

Typical application :
Internet on mobile, File transfer, Wireless LAN,
remote control & Monitoring of Real time
application, etc.

January 22

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Efficient Spectrum Utilization in

GPRS
One time slot statically assigned

Time slot dynamically assigned

Rescource usage in Cell

GPRS

7
6
5
4
3

Circuit Switched Traffic

2
1

Time

January 22

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Next Generation Services & Technology 1

EDGE SERVICES :

Offer Data services upto 400 Kbps.

Voice over Packet switched network.

Supports IP based application.
Typical application :
Internet on mobile, Mobile LAN, Video Phone,
Wireless real time Applications, File Transfer

January 22

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Next Generation Services & Technology 2

3G (UMTS) SERVICES :

Offer Data services upto 2 Mbps

Voice over Packet switched IP based network.
It can offer data rates as per requirements from 64 Kbps to
2 Mbps in rural or urban environment.

Typical application :
Speech (symmetric) - teleconferencing & voice mail
Message (asymmetric) - SMS, E-mail, etc.
Switched data (symmetric) - low speed LAN, Internet, etc.
Medium multimedia (asymmetric) - E-commerce, LAN, Internet,
public messaging, etc.
High multimedia (asymmetric) - Video clips, on-line shopping,
fast LAN & Internet
High interactive multimedia (asymmetric) - Video Telephony,
Video conferencing

~ Good Spectral Efficiency & Low Delay

January 22

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January 22

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