Chp.12 Cont.

Examples
to design Footings

Example
Design a square footing to support a 18 in. square
column tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9
bars. The column carries an unfactored axial dead
load of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The
base of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi

Example 1
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:

Wc d 150 lb/ft * 24 in. *

3

Ws s d s 100 lb/ft *

1 ft.
12 in.

300 lb/ft 2

1 ft.
4 ft 24 in. *
200 lb/ft 2

12 in.

Example 1
The effective soil pressure is given as:

qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2

Example 1
Calculate the size of the footing:

Actual Loads DL LL 245 k 200 k 445 k

Area of footing

445 k
4.5 k/ft

98.9 ft 2

Side of footing 9.94 ft Use 10 ft

Example 1
Calculate net upward pressure:

Actual Loads 1.4 DL 1.7 LL

1.4 245 k 1.7 200 k 683 k
Net upward pressure qn

683 k
100 ft 2

6.83 k / ft 2

Example 1
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.

d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.

Example 1
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.

bo 4 c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
3.125 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in.

12 in

Example 1
Calculate the shear Vu

Vu Pu qn c d

683 k 6.83 k/ft 2 3.125 ft 616 k

2

The shape parameter

10 ft
10 ft

Example 1
Calculate d value from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d

4
Vc 2 f c b0 d

Vc

d
s
bo

f c b0 d

Vc 4 f c b0 d

s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge

and 20 for corner column

Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
two way shear

Vu

4 f c b0

616 k

1000 lb

1k

0.85 4 4000 150 in

19.1 in.

Example 1
The second equation bo is dependent on d so use the
assumed values and you will find that d is smaller and
= 40
Vu

40d

bo

Actual (d =14.02324 in.)

616 k

0.85

bo=128.93 in

f c b0

1000 lb

1k
10.6 in.

4019.5 in
2 4000 150 in

150 in

Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using one-way shear

2 2

1 ft

18 in

10 ft
1 ft

12
in

19.5 in

2
2
12 in

2.625 ft

Vu qn l2

2 2

6.83 k/ft 2 10 ft 2.625 ft 179.3 k

Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear

Vu

2 fc b

179.3 k

1000 lb

1k

12 in

0.85 2 4000 10 ft

1 ft

13.9 in.

The footing is 19.5 in. > 13.9 in. so it will work.

Example 1
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the
edge of the column

M u qn

2
c

1 ft

18 in

10 ft
12 in

2
2

4.25 ft

4.25 ft 10 ft 616.8 k - ft
L c 2 2

b 6.83 k/ft 4.25 ft

2 2
2
2

Example 1
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.

Ru

Mu
bd 2

616.8 k - ft *

12 in.

1 ft 0.1622 ksi
120 in * 19.5 in 2

Example 1
From Ru for the footing the value can be found.
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2

1.7 Ru

f c

0.1622 ksi

1.7 1.7 4 1.7

0.9 4 ksi

fy
fc

2
0.04632

0.04632 4 ksi
60 ksi

0.04632
0.0031

Example 1
Compute the area of steel needed

12 in.
19.5 in. 7.23 in 2
As bd 0.00309 10 ft

1 ft

The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is

As 0.0018 bh 0.0018120 in. 24 in. 5.18 in 2

The minimum amount of steel for flexure is

200
200
120 in.19.5 in. 7.8 in 2
As
bd

fy
60000

Use

Example 1
Use a #7 bar (0.60 in2) Compute the number of bars
need
As
7.8 in 2
n

13 Use 13 bars
Ab 0.60 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
s

L 2 * cover

n 1

120 in - 2 3 in
12

9.5 in

Example 1
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7

N1 0.85 f c A1 0.7 0.85 4 ksi 18 in 771 k

2

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

N 2 N1

A2
A1

2 N1

Example 1
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2

1 ft
2.25 ft 2
A1 18 in

12 in.

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

A2
A1

100 ft 2
2.25 ft 2

6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2 771 k 1542 k

Example 1
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2

Use minimum number of bars is 4, so use 4 # 8 bars

placed at the four corners of the column.

Example 1
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.
ld

0.02d b f y
fc

0.021 in 60000 psi

4000 psi

18.97 in Use 19 in

The minimum ld , which has to be greater than 8 in., is

ld 0.0003d b f y 0.00031 in 60000 psi 18 in 8 in

Example 1
Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of
the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.

Example 1
The development length, ld for the #7 bars for the
reinforcement of the footing.
fy
f ydb

ld
60000 psi 0.875 in

ld

41.5 in
d b 20 f c
20 f c
20 4000 psi
There is adequate development length provided.
ld

L
2

cover

c
2

120 in
2

3 in

18 in
2

48 in

Example 1 - Final Design

Example 2
Design a footing to support a 18 in. square column
tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9 bars.
The column carries an unfactored axial dead load
of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The base
of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi. Limit one side of the footing to 8.5 ft.

Example 2
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:

Wc d 150 lb/ft * 24 in. *

3

Ws s d s 100 lb/ft *

1 ft.
12 in.

300 lb/ft 2

1 ft.
4 ft 24 in. *
200 lb/ft 2

12 in.

Example 2
The effective soil pressure is given as:

qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2

Example 2
Calculate the size of the footing:

Actual Loads DL LL 245 k 200 k 445 k

Area of footing
Side of footing

445 k
4.5 k/ft 2
98.9 ft 2
8.5 ft

98.9 ft 2
11.64 ft Use 12 ft

Example 2
Calculate net upward pressure:

Actual Loads 1.4 DL 1.7 LL

1.4 245 k 1.7 200 k 683 k
Net upward pressure qn

683 k

8.5 ft 12 ft

6.70 k / ft 2

Example 2
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.

d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.

Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using the one-way shear (long direction)

2 2

1 ft

18 in

12 ft
1 ft

12
in

19.5 in

2
2
12 in

3.625 ft

Vu qn l2

2 2

Vu =150.7 k in
short direction

6.7 k/ft 2 8.5 ft 3.625 ft 206.4 k

Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear design

Vu

2 fc b

206.4 k

1000 lb

1k

12 in

0.85 2 4000 8.5 ft

1 ft

18.8 in.

The footing is 19.5 in. > 18.8 in. so it will work.

Example 2
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.

bo 4 c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
3.125 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in.

12 in

Example 2
Calculate the shear Vu

Vu Pu qn c d

683 k 6.7 k/ft 2 3.125 ft 617.6 k

2

The shape parameter

12 ft
8.5 ft

1.41

Example 2
Calculate d from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d.

4
Vc 2 f c b0 d

Vc

d
s
bo

f c b0 d

Vc 4 f c b0 d

s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge

and 20 for corner column

Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated for the
two way shear

Vu
4
2

617.6 k

f c b0

0.85

1000 lb

4
2

1.41

1k

4000 150 in

15.8 in.

Example 2
The third equation bo is dependent on d so use the assumed
values and you will find that d is smaller and = 40
Vu

40d

bo

Actual (d =14.032 in.)

f c b0

617.6 k

bo=128.173 in

1000 lb

4019.5 in

0.85
2

150
in

1k

4000 150 in

10.64 in.

Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
the two way shear

Vu

4 f c b0

617.6 k

1000 lb

1k

0.85 4 4000 150 in

19.14 in.

Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column (long direction)

M u qn

2
c

1 ft

18 in

12 ft
12 in

2
2

5.25 ft

5.25 ft 8.5 ft 784.8 k - ft

L c 2 2

b 6.7 k/ft 5.25 ft

2 2
2
2

Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.

Ru

Mu
bd

784.8 k - ft *

12 in.

1 ft

12 in
8.5 ft
* 19.5 in 2

1 ft

0.2428 ksi

Example 2
Use the Ru for the footing to find .
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2

1.7 Ru

f c

0.2428 ksi

1.7 1.7 4 1.7

0.9 4 ksi

fy
fc

2
0.07036

0.07036 4 ksi
60 ksi

0.07036
0.00469

Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed

12 in.
19.5 in. 9.33 in 2
As bd 0.00469 8.5 ft

1 ft

The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is

As 0.0018 bh 0.0018102 in. 24 in. 4.41 in 2

The minimum amount of steel for flexure is

200
200
102 in.19.5 in. 6.63 in 2
As
bd

fy
60000

Example 2
Use As =8.36 in2 with #8 bars (0.79 in2). Compute
the number of bars need
As 9.33 in 2
n

11.8 Use 12 bars

Ab 0.79 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
s

L 2 * cover

n 1

102 in - 2 3 in
11

8.73 in

Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column for short length

M u qn

c
2

1 ft

18 in

8.5 ft
12 in

2
2

3.5 ft

3.5 ft 12 ft 492.5 k - ft
L c 2 2

b 6.7 k/ft 3.5 ft

2 2
2
2

Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.

Ru

Mu
bd

492.5 k - ft *

12 in.

1 ft

12 in
12 ft
* 19.5 in 2

1 ft

0.1079 ksi

Example 2
Use Ru for the footing to find .
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2

1.7 Ru

f c

0.1079 ksi

1.7 1.7 4 1.7

0.9 4 ksi

fy
fc

2
0.0305

0.0305 4 ksi
60 ksi

0.0305

0.00203

Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed

12 in.
19.5 in. 5.72 in 2
As bd 0.00203 12 ft

1 ft

The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is

As 0.0018 bh 0.0018144 in. 24 in. 6.22 in 2

The minimum amount of steel for flexure is

200
200
144 in.19.5 in. 9.36 in 2
As
bd

fy
60000

Example 2
Use As =9.36 in2 with #6 bar (0.44 in2) Compute the
number of bars need
As 9.36 in 2
n

21.3 Use 22 bars

Ab 0.44 in 2
Calculate the reinforcement bandwidth

Reinforcement in bandwidth

Total reinforcement

1 1.41 1

0.83

Example 2
The number of bars in the 8.5 ft band is 0.83(22)=19 bars .
outside # bar

Total # bars - band bars

2

22 19
2

1.5 Use 2 bars

So place 19 bars in 8.5 ft section and 2 bars in each in

(12ft -8.5ft)/2 =1.75 ft of the band.

Example 2
Determine the spacing between bars for the band of 8.5 ft
s

n 1

102 in
18

5.67 in

Determine the spacing between bars outside the band

s

L cover
n

21 in - 3in
2

9 in

Example 2
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7

N1 0.85 f c A1 0.7 0.85 4 ksi 18 in 771 k

2

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

N 2 N1

A2
A1

2 N1

Example 2
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2

1 ft
2.25 ft 2
A1 18 in

12 in.

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

A2
A1

100 ft 2
2.25 ft 2

6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2 771 k 1542 k

Example 2
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2

Use minimum number of bars is 4, so use 4 # 8 bars

placed at the four corners of the column.

Example 2
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.
ld

0.02d b f y
fc

0.021 in 60000 psi

4000 psi

18.97 in Use 19 in

The minimum ld , which has to be greater than 8 in., is

ld 0.0003d b f y 0.00031 in 60000 psi 18 in 8 in

Example 2
Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of
the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.

Example 2
The development length, ld for the #8 bars
ld
db

fy
20 f c

ld

f ydb
20 f c

60000 psi 1.0 in

47.4 in
20 4000 psi

There is adequate development length provided.

ld

L
2

cover

c
2

144 in
2

3 in

18 in
2

60 in

Example 2
The development length, ld for the #6 bars
ld
db

fy
25 f c

ld

f ydb
25 f c

60000 psi 0.75 in

28.5 in
25 4000 psi

There is adequate development length provided.

ld

L
2

cover

c
2

102 in
2

3 in

18 in
2

39 in

Example 2 - Final design

23 #6

12 #8