people

of a nation become
united and work together for
common aims, this is called
nationalism.
devotion to ones country, or
fighting for its independence.

In the 19th century, Philippine nationalism was

born.
The people began to think of themselves as one
nation with common origin, customs and
tradition, history and destiny, and aspirations.
They wanted to be separated or be independent
of Spain

 Malays

- brought here their technology that

started the development of our indigenous
culture.

 Between

these periods of migration,

our country began to experience
contacts with Arab, Chinese and Malay
traders.
Then the Spaniards came to the
country.
Barangays - small independent
political groups which were constantly
fighting for survival

UNIFICATION OF THE
COUNTRY BY SPAIN
Roman

Catholicism - the better known

Spanish legacy among the present
Filipinos.

 The

Spanish political system

encouraged law and order in the
different self-governing communities in
the country.
Divide et impera policy
Most of the Spanish officials became
abusive that gave rise to revolts.

CHALLENGE OF THE
19th CENTURY
The

challenge of Industrialization

 The

Philippines is drawn within the orbit of

the World Trade.
Spain open the ports of Manila to the world
followed by opening of other ports in other
areas of the Philippines
The new breed of Native Middle Class
The principalia were able to send their
children to schools and even to schools in Spain
where their children were exposed to liberal
ideas.
The ilustrados (the enlightened ones) became
the new breed of Filipinos

 Initial

response to 19th century challenges

Francisco Baltazar

Father Pedro Pelaez

Father Jose Burgos

 Futile

Spanish Attempts to Initiate Reforms

Sensing the prevalent social discontent, political

insecurity and the growing anti-Spanish feelings in
the islands, the Spanish governors warned the
Spanish government and suggested certain reforms.
General Carlos Ma de la Torre as the Governor
General of the Philippines
Abolished the cencorship of the press
Fostered free political discussions
Supported the secularization of the
parishes.

Gov.-Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo replaced Gov. de la

Torre in 1871

January 20, 1872,

about 62 Filipino
Soldiers and docks
workers of Cavite
attacked the Fort San
Felipe led by
Sergeant La Madrid.
Some 150 native
soldiers later joined
the mutineers.

Filipino Sentiment of
Nationality Aroused

Execution of GOM-BUR-ZA.

 Eventually

a peaceful but vigorous campaign

called the Propaganda Movement was
launched.