A COMPREHENSIVE

PROJECT REPORT
ON
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF
SOLAR CELL
Prepared by :
Sagar Joshi (137960592084)
Chaitanya Vaidya(137920592112

Introduction to Solar Cell

A silicon solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical
device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by
the photovoltaic effect.
It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical
characteristics
e.g. current,voltage, or resistancevary when light is incident
upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support
an electric current without being attached to any external
voltage source, but do require an external load for power
consumption.
Photo voltaic is the field of technology and research related
to the practical application of photovoltaic cells in producing
electricity from light, though it is often used specifically to refer
to the generation of electricity from sunlight.

Growth & Evolution of Solar Energy

Industry in India
India is densely populated and has high solar insulation, an ideal
combination for using solar power in India.
India is already a leader in wind power generation. In the solar
energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a
35,000 km sq. area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar
power projects, sufficient to generate 700 GW to 2,100 GW.
Also India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has released
the JNNSM Phase 2 Draft Policy, by which the Government aims to
install 10GW of Solar Power and of this 10 GW target, 4 GW would
fall under the central scheme and the remaining 6 GW under
various State specific schemes.
In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan to produce 20 GW
of solar
power by 2020. Under the plan, the use of solar-powered
equipment and applications would be made compulsory in all
government buildings, as well as hospitals and hotels.

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CURRENT STATUS :

With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's

theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is
about 5000 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5000
trillion kWh/yr or about 600 TW).
The daily average solar energy incident over India varies
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500-2000 sunshine hours
per year (depending upon location), which is far more
than current total energy consumption.
For example, assuming the efficiency of PV modules were
as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times
greater than the domestic electricity demand projected for
2015.

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STATE WISE SOLAR POWER GENERATION
STATE

MWp

Andhra Pradesh

21.8

2.2

Chhattisgarh

4.0

0.4

Delhi

2.5

0.3

Gujarat

654.8

66.9

Haryana

7.8

0.8

Jharkhand

4.0

0.4

Karnataka

9.0

0.9

Madhya Pradesh

2.0

0.2

Maharashtra

20.0

2.0

Orissa

13.0

1.3

Punjab

9.0

0.9

Rajasthan

510.25

20.2

Tamil Nadu

15.0

1.5

Uttar Pradesh

12.0

1.2

Uttarakhand

5.0

0.5

West Bengal

2.0

0.2

Total

1686.44

100

Product Profile
1) SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL :

A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts
the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristicse.g.
current, voltage, or resistancevary when light is incident upon it) which, when
exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being
attached to any external voltage source, but do require an external load for power
consumption.

2) THIN FILM SOLAR CELL :

A thin-film solar cell (TFSC), also called a thin-film photovoltaic cell (TFPV), is
a solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin film)
of photovoltaic material on a substrate. The thickness range of such a layer is
wide and varies from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers.

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3) PRINTED SOLAR CELL :
Nano solar company was a developer of Printed solar power technology.
Based in San Jose, CA, Nano solar developed and briefly commercialized a
low-cost printable solar cell manufacturing process which is a great
success.
The company started selling these panels in mid-December 2007, and
planned to sell them at around $1 per watt.
4) MULTI JUNCTION SOLAR CELL :
Multi-junction solar cells are solar cells with multiple p-n
junctions made from different semiconductor materials.
Each material's p-n junction will produce electric current in
response to a different wavelength of light falling on it. A
single junction cell produces electric current from a single
wavelength of the solar light spectrum.

Demand Determination of Solar

Cell
There is an immense potential for solar gadgets in India,
but certain barriers prevent the rise in their demand.
Environmental awareness is a prime reason raising the
demand of solar gadgets; however, in India this
awareness is not as high as it should be.
About 70 per cent of India lives in villages with very poor
or
no electricity supply at all. The demand for solar gadgets
has increased in the past two to three years and the
solar market has gained momentum.
The JNNSM guidelines estimate that the entire grid
connected Solar PV plants in India coming under the
scheme will have to use Solar PV modules that are made
in India.

Players in Industry
1) Tata BP Solar India Ltd :
Tata BP Solar India Ltd is the largest provider of solar
power company in India. It has a work force of 600 plus
employees. The company came into existence in the
year 1989. It is now extended to 9 regional offices and 4
manufacturing units of photovoltaic and solar thermal.
They are both ISO 9001 and ISO 14001certified.
2) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd- Electronics Division
:
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd electronics Division, the
leading power plant equipment manufacturer of India
was established in the year 1964. The company has
expert engineers for manufacturing, construction,
testing, designing and servicing of various products of
the core sectors such as defense, power etc.

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3) Moser Baer Photovoltaic Ltd. :
Moser Baer Photo Voltaic Ltd (MBPV) is a global solar
panel manufacturing company that has more than 25
years of experience with the strength of 7000employees.
The Company is involved in solar PV modules and Solar
EPC Services.
4) Central Electronics Ltd. :
Central Electronics Ltd is rated among the top Solar
Panel manufacturing companies in India. It is also the
largest manufacturer of Solar-Photovoltaic (SPV) Cells,
Modules and Systems. The company is successfully
catering to more than one lakh SPV systems in both
India and abroad with satisfied companies.

Distribution Channel in Industry

Solar Distribution Channel :
Channels for distribution and sale of Solar cell are well established
and functional. However, these traditional channels have been little
utilized for the distribution of solar cell heating products.
Of twenty-five solar installers listed in the 1975 Oregon Solar
Directory, only five were also sellers of Solar systems. Conversely,
this also means that only five of the hundreds of Oregon solar
contractors were selling solar equipment. Solar installers are
typically new, small firms specializing in solar equipment.
The selection and development of distribution channels for solar
products is a sticky problem. There is no single "product," but
rather a vast array of different products many of which are
distributed in different channels. The basic differentiation of
passive and active systems exposes the difficulty in identifying
appropriate channels of distribution for the divergent products.

Key Issues & Current Trends

Cost and T&D Losses:
Solar PV is some years away from true cost
competitiveness and from being able to compete on the
same scale as other energy generation technologies.
Adding to the cost are T&D losses that at approximately
40 percent make generation through solar energy sources
highly unfeasible. However, the government is supporting
R&D activities by establishing research centers and
funding such initiatives.
Land Scarcity:
Per capita land availability is very low in India, and land is
a scarce resource. Dedication of land area near
substations for exclusive installation of solar cells might
have to compete with other necessities that require land.

PESTEL Analysis
Political factors :
With progressive Liberalization of the economy the
multinationals are coming into India giving the local companies
a run for their money.
For the last 10 years, the satiability of the govt. has been a
major reason of worry to the business at large. The pace of
liberalization has been fast or slow depending on who has been
in power.
Economic Factors
Renewable energy industry after going through a recessionary
period of nearly five years has started growing now.
Central bank has been reducing the interest rates for almost
three years in these technologies. The rate of interest of has
come down from 15% to 12%. This makes more liquid money
available to the investors to put into business.

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Social Factors :
The Demographic composition of the global market available to
MNCs has changed- for example, potential markets include an
aging population in Europe and Japan, a young population in China,
Mexico, and India, and an aging and young population in US.
Furthermore, customers spend their time and money differently.
Lifestyles and fashions are evolving.
Technological factors
Government is putting lot of pressure on the renewable
technologies, which will affect the efficiency and cost of
components.
With the product life cycle becoming shorter in the hard core
engineering applications, vendors need to continuously come out
with newer technologies to keep themselves in the business.
Many Institutes are researched on cost reduction technologies.

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Environmental factor :
India has been undertaking a country wide solar programme for
more than two decades
Remote village electrification amongst the largest decentralised
solar programmes globally approximately 95% of all remote
villages electrification using SPV
Promotion of solar in Urban, Industrial & Commercial applications
Legal :
In March 2007 the Indian Government announced a semiconductor
policy under its Special Incentive Package Scheme (SIPS).
According to this policy, the government or its agencies will provide
20 percent of the capital expenditure during the first 10 years for
semiconductor industries, including manufacturing activities
related to solar PV technology located in Special Economic Zones
(SEZ), and 25 percent for industries not located in an SEZ.

THANK
YOU