Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
IP RAN supports
Rel
Rel
Rel
Rel
Rel
RNGW
RNGW
RNAS
RNAS
CSGW
CSGW
RNC
Iub
Rel 99
UTRAN
Iur
CRMS
CRMS
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
BSC
SMLC
SMLC
LMU SMLC
LMU SMLC
IP BTS
IP BTS
OMS
OMS
BSS
any release
CRMS
CRMS
Iur-g for
GERAN
Rel'5 only
Abis
Optimized
Traffic
architectur
e/ products
for these
5.00
4.50
worlds ?
growth scenario
2000
1800
Non-Realtime
Realtime
Voice
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Background
1600
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
1400
Interactive
1200
Streaming
1000
Video calls
800
CS Data
600
Rich Call
400
IP Voice
200
CS Voice
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Bits/s BH / user
~60/20/20 % traffic
reference: best effort
packet/ CS-voice/ RT
packet data)
'application' bits over Air interface
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Upgrades to
Nokia UltraSite
and MetroSite
EDGE /
WCDMA Base
Stations
Radio
Common
NW O&M Radio
Access Serv Resource
Server er Server
A and Iu-c
Nokia
FlexiServer
Nokia CS Gateway
Gb
IP / ATM / MPLS transport
Iu-ps
Multimode
All-IP Base Station
GSM/EDGE/WCDMA WLAN
Nokia RN
Gateway
IuPS
Platform:
Cplan
e
FlexiServ
BSSAP/RANAP
er
RNAS
relay
RNGW
CSGW
RNAS:
Ctrl
Ctrl
RAN
Access
BSSAP
Server
Iu-PS
Ctr
'/
Iu-PS BSGW
RANA UC l
BSGW
P'
F
RNGW
RAN Gateway is the
user plane gateway
for IP traffic.
Micromobility
anchor for Iu-PS
Uplane
Firewall t.b.d.
NOKIA
IPA2800
IuPS
Uplan
e
RNAS
Radio Network Access Server
is the control plane gateway
for RAN-external signaling.
Micromobility anchor for
Cplane (terminates the
signaling bearer connections,
and relays L3 messages)
Paging Server
O&M of CN interface (reset,
overload)
RNGW and CSGW control
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Iu-CS
A
CSGW: Circuit
Switched
Gateway
A/IP, IuCS/IP
CSGW
Circuit Switched Gateway is
the user plane gateway for
non IP traffic
ATM to IP interworking (Iu-CS
and Iur, both Cplane and
Uplane
PCM to IP Interworking (A,
Uplane and Cplane)
Transcoding
Micromobility anchor for A
and Iu-CS Uplane
Serving Mobile
Location Centre
Platform:
FlexiServer
CRMS
Common Radio
Resource Management
Server performs RAN
Wide Radio Resource
Management (inter
cell/layers/system)
Load sharing
Policy Management
Autotuning for load
sharing between layer
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
OMS
O&M Servers
performs RAN O&M
functions
Connection to OSS
Logical O&M
System Info
Broadcast
Configuration
Manag.
Performance
Manag.
Fault Manag.
Autotuning
features
SMLC
Serving Mobile
Location Center
performs UE
Positioning
Calculations
Support of multiple
positioning methods
Support of
positioning request
through 2G and 3G
core
LMU control and
O&M
UE Control Function
Termination of the CN
signalling
Radio signalling (RR,
RRC)
RAB Admission control
Handover control
Initialisation of dedicated
resources in the network
ULTRA
upgrade
OMS
Cell Resource
Server
GRR protocol
Radio Admission
control
Channel allocation
and resource
reservation
BS
Load
Control
O&M
Termination of
logical O&M
interface
Implementation
specific O&M
6
NOKIA
All-IP BTS
CN
Cplan
e
CN
Uplan
e
UCF
RR
O&M
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
BSGW
CRS
CGW
(Iub / Abis)
BTS L1
LMU
Cell Gateway
GERAN PCU
WCDMA PS for
shared and HS data
channel
Retransmission
SMLC
Location Measurement
Unit
Could be external to
the IP BTS
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Example configuration
3 sectored 2+2+2 solution
384 code channels
multi-mode upgradeable
Expansion slots
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNAS RNGW
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
CSGW
RNGW CSGW
CSGW
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
MAF
RF Units
Mode specific
MTP
FAN
MSU
MAM
MUP
MRS
MIM
Common
Multi-radio
digital units
MFE
Dimensions H x W x D
1800 x 600 x 60
Operating temperature range -40 +50
Mains Supply
-48 VDC or 230 VAC
10
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
MAF
MFE
MTP
FAN
MSU
MAM
MRS
MIM
MUP
11
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
WPA
WIC
WTR
WSC
WPS
IRIS
WAM x 2
WSP x 6
IFU x 5
WSM
WFA
Transport upgrade:
new IP router unit (IRIS),
reuse of RAN1/RAN2 IFUs (IP over
ATM), or
introduction of new IP IFUs (no
ATM)
12
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
OMS+RNAS+CRMS
OMS+SMLC
OMS+CRMS
( ca. 3 Msubs )
( ca. 1M subs )
HDD
OMS
RNAS
SMLC
CRMS
Flexible configuration of nodes to different server applications; max. 44 nodes per rack
Connectivity to 1000 IP-BTS, max. 6000 IP-RAN cells; Capacities/node estimates with
current call-mix assumptions for 2008: RNAS 150k subs, CRMS: 250k subs, SMLC: 375k
subs
13
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Up to 12 CPU
slots
Cabinet
2 x LAN switches
& Fiber Channel
hubs,
System mgt
functions
Fan
tray,
display
panel
IP Director
CPU
Disk Drive
9/11/12 nodes per subrack, two CPUs per node => 88 CPUs per rack
duplicated IP director per rack (one IP address, or very few addresses,
visible to external network)
Pair of disks per rack (exact location in the rack FFS)
14
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
RNGW
IP740 platform
Ethernet Switch
19" racking
User plane
throughput 44 Mbps
per RNGW (200 byte
packets), 150k RABs
(max. 2.5k
Handovers/s)
max. 18 RNGWs per
rack => 792 Mbps
and 2.7M RABs per
rack
15
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switches
- circa 3U each
RNGW
- circa 2U each
- up to 18 RNGWs per
rack (without switches)
1 cabinet
10000 channels
16
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
TCU
TCU
CDSP
CDSP
A2SU
AL2SU
IPNIU
x
x
TBUF
ISU
CCP10
IPS1/IPGE
A2SU
A2SU
AL2SU
TCU
CDSP
MXU
AL2SU
PD20
MX622-B
MXU
TCU
CDSP
TCU
TCU
CDSP
CDSP
TCU
CDSP
MX622-B
TCU
TBUF
x
MXU
TCU
TCU
TCU
A2SU
TCU
A2SU
PD20
MX622-B
CDSP
CDSP
AL2S
CDSP
CDSP
AL2S
TBUF
xTCU
MXU
MX622-B
xCDSP
TCU
TCU
CDSP
CDSP
TCU
IPNIU
TCU
TCU
CDSP
TCU
A2SU
TCU
CDSP
ISU
TCU
CDSP
CCP10
TCU
CDSP
IPS1/IPGE
CDSP
IWU
TCU
IW16P1
CDSP
CDSP
AL2S
IWU
TCU
TCU
IWU
IW16P1
CDSP
IW16P1
CDSP
TBUF
10 000 Iu-CS
channels per
rack
TCU
TSS3
(OMU)
HDS
CCP10
(NEMU)
HDS
(OMU )
MDS
PD20
MX622-B
CCP10
CCP10
CCP10
NIS0/ 0 /
CCP10
SF10
TBUF
WDU / 1
OMU / 1
W DU / 1
FDU
MXU 0/ 1
SPMU / 1
CACU / 1
CM / 1
NIS1/ 0
ISU
SFU /1
1800 * 600 *
600 mm
(H*W*D) rack
CDSP
TBUF
(OMU)
HDS
CCP10
(NEMU)
HDS
MCPC2
ESA12
EHAT
PD20
MX622-B
CCP10
CCP10
CCP10
NIS0/ 0 /
SF10
TSS3
WDU / 0
OMU / 0
W DU / 0
NEMU
(NEMU)
EHU
MXU 0/ 0
SPMU / 0
CACU / 0
CM / 0
NIS1/ 0
SFU /0
IPA2800
platform
CDSP
CSGW
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
MGW
RNGW
Interconnects
All-IP RAN
Servers
IP
ATM
LAN/WAN
connectivity
(IP/MPLS)
17
NOKIA
OSR
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
GSR
CSGW
SDH/
DWDM
18
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
19
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Router
All-IP BTS
RLC
Mobile
Transport
Protocol
RLC
- Transport is based on fast IP routing in IP
RAN.
- 'Information highway' ends in RNC in UTRAN,
but lasts till IP BTS in IP RAN.
- Routing of a packet from CN to IP BTS takes
only few ms.
20
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
UTRAN/BSS
Transport
protocol
Transport
protocol
RLC
RLC
Mobile
21
NOKIA
BTS
RNC/BSC
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Server
Transport
protocol
Transport
protocol
RLC
RLC
Mobile
IP BTS
Server
UTRAN
Iub Setup
Scheduling,
RF meas.
and pwr calc.
Transmission on DSCH
Release
Timer
Iub
Release
Channel Allocation
User Plane
Time
Gain
Release
Gain Timer Gain
Scheduling,
Rel.
RF meas. Transmission on DSCH
Timer
and pwr calc.
IP RAN
Start: Packet
scheduler decides
to use DSCH
transmission
22
NOKIA
time
Channel
User
Release
Plane
Timer
Allocation
Gain:
Gain:Time Gain:
Control
Plane
Gain:
Faster
Shorter
RLC RTT setup
allocation
gives
time
timegives
faster
of DCH/DSCH
that
transmission
the
gives
No Iub allocation
interface
time,
gives
faster
of
release
higher
userof
availability
data.
timer
can be
of
codes
reduced.
and increased
capacity.
setup
the DSCH
and
associated
DCH
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
- TCP/IP traffic, e.g. web browsing, single object per page: TCP
algorithms (slow start with 1 Maximum Segment Size initial
window, MSS = 1460 B, delayed TCP acknowledgement)
- TCP session setup: 3-way handshake (3 messages, last setup
message contains HTTP request)
- RLC RTT 140 ms for UTRAN and 70 ms for IP RAN
- Block Error Rate over radio 10%
- Constant user bitrate over the radio interface
- CN RTT 65 ms (web server very close to RAN). No server
processing time.
23
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Page sizes
30
23 kbits
46 kbits
20
105 kbits
10
296 kbits
0
32
64
128
256
384
Radio Channel Capacity (kbps)
The smaller the page the more gain -> the gain in the
beginning of downloading
The bigger the user bit rate the more gain -> the big
bitpipe used more efficiently in All-IP RAN
24
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Page Size
[kbits]
23
46
105
296
32
64
128
256
384
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
50
40
30
23
20
46
105
10
296
0
32
64
128
256
384
27
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Measurements
UE (High
and from
IP BTS
are available
Note that from
HSDPA
Speed
Packet
Access)
is
in thegoing
samein
node
the same direction as All-IP RAN:
RRM algorithms are preferably located as close as
possible to the radio
Proprietary
HSDPA
moved
to Node B
BTSscheduling
measurement
are available
for new
optimized
RRM algorithms
and capacity
enhancing
However,
solution more
complex
as scheduling
features (no
need of
3GPP Iubare
standardization)
for other
channels
kept in the RNC.
Example:
that an RAN
enhanced
algorithm need this
a new
All-IP
overcomes
measurement in the BTS.
In IP RAN,
problem!
we implement it without waiting for 3GPP.
Imagine
In
28
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Conclusions
Users experience better service in All-IP
RAN for packet data, with delay for the
transmission of a packet reduced up to
40%
Reduced code allocation time.
Potential optimization of RRM algorithm
without the burden of using the predefined
Iub measurement
29
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
30
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Input parameters
Name
Voice
Streaming
WWW
FTP
E-Mail
Type
RT 12.2kbps
RT 64kbps
NRT
NRT
NRT
UMTS Traffic
Number of Connections
Class
New Basic NRT Extreme RT Extreme
Conversational
18
12
24
Streaming
6
0
18
Interactive
6
12
6
Background
6
12
0
Background
6
12
6
31
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
IP RAN
DS
Rt_Core
DS
27.66 Mbps
30.04 Mbps
Rt_D2
DS
Rt_A1
1.92 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
DS
2.21 Mbps
Rt_A
DS
Rt_A2
DS
DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_D1
Rt_D
DS
Rt_B1
DS
21.67 Mbps
Rt_E4
23.93 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
DS
DS
Rt_B
2.05 Mbps
DS
Rt_B2
2.05 Mbps
DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_E1
8.61 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
4.70 Mbps
DS
2.23 Mbps
9.00 Mbps
Rt_E2
Rt_G
Rt_B3
DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_C
2.05 Mbps
DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_F
Rt_C3
2.19 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
DS
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
DS
Rt_C2
Rt_C1
Rt_F2
DS
DS
NOKIA
Rt_F3
2.04 Mbps
2.22 Mbps
Rt_B5
32
DS
DS
DS
DS
Rt_E
DS
2.07 Mbps
DS
Rt_B4
Rt_E3
2.05 Mbps
DS
Rt_G1
DS
Rt_F1
RAN 1
46,86Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
38,34Mbps
34,08Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
12,78Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
8,52Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
12,78Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
33
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
RAN 2
34.54Mbps
31.4Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3, 14Mbps
28.26Mbps
25,12Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
9,42Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
6,28Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
9,42Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
34
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
Comparison
RAN2 with centralised AAL2 compared with RAN 1 saves 15% - 30% in capacity
15% is here refered to modest and 40% aggressive case of saving with Centralised
AAL2 of RAN2
Additional saving of RAN2 compared with RAN1 is the NRT traffic not having SHO OH
Comparison
against RAN1
Comparison
against RAN2 ( 15 % )
35
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
RAN1
IPv6 RAN
RAN2 modest
IPv6 RAN
36
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
IP-RAN
IP-RAN
WCDMA
WCDMA
Other..
Other..
TDD,
TDD, WLAN,..
WLAN,..
GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE
BSC
xRAN
xRAN
Set HO Parameters
Handover Candidates
CRRM
Prioritized List
38
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Capacity
Capacitygain
gain
with
2
layers
with 2 layers
Conversation
Conversation
Streaming
Streaming
No
Nogain
gain
Capacity
Capacitygain
gainReason for the CRRM gain
Reason for the CRRM gain
with
4
layers
with 4 layers
32
32kbps
kbps3%
3% Timers
Timersare
areneeded
neededto
toprevent
prevent
144
kbps
10%
ping-pong
(and
also
useful
144 kbps 10% ping-pong (and also useful
384
384kbps
kbps30%
30% handovers)
handovers)without
withoutCRRM
CRRM
40%-100%
70%-140%
40%-100%depending
depending
70%-140%depending
depending
Interactive
Interactive
on
the
required
delay
on
the
required
No
on the required delay
on the requireddelay
delay
Noload
loadreason
reasoninter-system
inter-system
cell
cellreselections
reselectionsassumed
assumed
without
Less
withoutCRRM
CRRM
Lessgain
gainthan
thanwith
withinteractive
interactive
Background
Background
ififno
nodelay
delayisisguaranteed
guaranteed
CRRM is most important
for interactive connections
for high bit rate (>32 kbps) conversational and streaming connections
when large number of layers and systems are integrated
Note: these gains are fairly ideal gains assuming no delays in signaling etc.
With proper CRRM algorithms most of these gains can be obtained in
practice
39
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN