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Part One
Introduction to
Computer
or
Computer Literacy
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Lecture outline
What is a Computer?
Different parts of a Computer?
Hardware (parts of the hardware)
Software (different types of software)
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Lecture Objective
To enable students:
Understand what a Computer is and its
use.
Differentiate and describe the main
components of the Computer.
Explain the basic operations of a
computer.
Explain the Information Processing
Cycle.
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Lecture Outcome
By the end of the Lecture, the student
it.
explain the main components of the
Computer.
tell the basic operations of a computer.
explain the Information Processing Cycle.
describe the Operating System.
explain what computer literacy is and why
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What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic toolbox for working
with information.
An electronic device <toolbox> that can input data,
process it, output and store information.
A system.
A collection of related components that have all
been designed to work together smoothly to
produce information.
Used for working with Information.
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What is a Computer?
cont
A COMPUTER is an electronic device that can:
Receive information
Perform processes
Produce output
Store infomartion for future use.
Just as you use a knife and chisels to create wood
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What is a Computer?
cont
You can use a computer for the kind
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What is a Computer?
cont
Basic Operations of a Computer (IPOS)
Inputting Data
Processing Data
Outputting Data
Storing Data
Information Processing Cycle
Data (INPUT & PROCESSED)
Information (OUTPUT & STORE)
Data/information (RE-USED)
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What is a Computer?
cont
Information Processing Cycle
(diagram)
OC
ES
SI
NG
TP
IN
PR
ST
OR
AG
E
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What is a Computer?
cont
Why bother to use the computer? or
Characteristics
Work faster
Re-Use Documents and information
Faster and more accurate calculations
Faster communication
Produce more copies
Store Information
FASTER &
EFFICIENT
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What is a Computer?
cont
Characteristics that make a computer powerful
Speed A computer can do billions of actions per second.
another. (GIGO)
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What is a Computer?
cont
Types of computer The world's first
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What is a Computer?
cont
Types of computer
Personal computer (PC) IBM
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What is a Computer?
cont
Other types of computer
Palmtop - small computer that literally fits in your palm.
Also Personal Digital Assistant
Workstation - similar to desktop computers, but are
more powerful and are usually connected to a network.
Server - specialized computers that store and deliver, or
serve up, information to other computers on a network.
Mainframe - powerful computers used mainly by large
organizations.
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What is a Computer?
cont
Basic parts of a computer
These items are the things you notice right away
when you look at a desktop computer.
The computer case or system unit,
The monitor or screen,
The keyboard,
The mouse,
and the power cord and other cables.
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What is a Computer?
cont
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Exercise 1
Switch on the computer
Login into the computer
Logout
Shutdown the computer
Power switch
button
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Components of a Computer
What are the components of a
computer?
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Components of a
Computer
Two main components:
Hardware The physical parts of
Components of a Computer
cont
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a
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Components of a Computer
cont
Hardware component is classified according to the
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Components of a Computer
cont
Processing Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
the brain of the computer.
It interprets instructions to the
computer (control unit), and performs
the arithmetic and logical processing
(ALU).
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Components of a Computer
cont
Processing Devices: Memory Random Access
Memory (RAM)
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Components of a Computer
cont
Memory We measure the size of memory by telling how many
bytes it can hold.
Data in memory is stored as binary digits (BITS) e.g.
011100101010
1 BYTE = 8 bits
1 byte usually stores 1 text character.
1 kilobyte = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes
1 megabyte = 220 bytes = ~1 million bytes
1 gigabyte = 230 bytes = ~1 billion bytes
1 terabyte = 240 bytes = ~1 trillion bytes
One megabyte can hold approximately 500 pages of text information.
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Components of a Computer
cont
Storage Devices Auxiliary /
secondary storage devices are used
for permanent storage of data.
hard disks
compact discs CD, VCD and DVD drives
flash cards
floppy disks
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Components of a Computer
cont
Output devices make the information
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Components of a Computer
cont
Output devices screen or monitor works
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Components of a Computer
cont
Printer
(output
)
Speake
r
(output
)
Monitor
(output
)
Speake
r
(output
)
System unit
(processor,
memory)
Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy,
Hard disk, zip,)
Mouse
(input)
Scanne
r
(input)
Keyboard
(input)
Camer
a
(input)
Zip
Drive
(storage
)
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Components of a Computer
cont
Software A computer program or
Components of a Computer
cont
Computer software is the key to
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Components of a Computer
cont
System software computer software designed to
the OS
Operating systems (OS)
Utility software
Device drivers
Anti virus
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Components of a Computer
cont
Application Software consists of programs that
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Components of a Computer
cont
Programming language software
Introduction to Operating
Systems (OS)
What is Operating Systems (OS)?
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Introduction to Operating
Systems (OS) cont
An OS is a computer program that:
Controls the hardware of the computer,
Enables the user to communicate with
the computer.
The most common operating systems:
DOS, Microsoft Windows, Apple
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Review Questions
What is a Computer?
Differentiate and describe the main
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