BASICS OF

Piping
Ivy Tech Community College

Definitions Page 703

DEFINITIONS
The term piping can refer to any kind of
pipe used in a wide range of
applications.
The word plumbing refers to the small
diameter pipes within residences that
carry water, gas, and waste.

Definitions Page 703

DEFINITIONS
Large underground pipes that transport
waste water that is taken to treatment
is known as civil piping.
Piping used to transport fluids between
storage tanks and processing
equipment is called process piping.

Definitions Page 704

A flow diagram is a non-scale schematic
that illustrates the layout and composition of
a system using symbols.
A pipe drawing is the most complex drawing
since it is to scale and provides plan,
elevation and section views.

Definitions Page 707

A piping isometric is a pictorial drawing that
illustrates a pipe run in three-dimensional form.
See figure 22.10 on page 707. Assignment #10 is
a piping isometric pictorial drawings. Information
from this drawing is obtained from the piping
drawings. Some pipe drawings are done in
isometric form because lines can be measured
and fits checked. Isometrics are extensively used
in chemical process industries.

Definitions Page 704 & 707

Subassemblies of pie and fittings are constructed
by pipe fitters and welders who use the piping
spool drawing. This drawing is usually drawn
orthographically and shows all of the pipe and
fittings needed to assemble a segment of piping.
Spools often are non-scale drawings that show all
dimensions needed for assembly. A typical spool
drawing is shown in figure on page 707.

Types of Pipe Page 709

Steel Pipe: Carbon steel pipe is the preferred
above ground pipe used in industry today. It is
strong, relatively durable and can be welded and
machined.
Copper pipe: and copper alloys are corrosion
resistant and have excellent heat transfer
properties. Often used in residential water lines,
however, plastic pipe is becoming more prevalent
in residential water lines.

Types of Pipe Page 709

Plastic Pipe: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe
is used for acids, salt solutions, alcohols,
crude oil and other corrosive chemicals. PE
(Polyethylene) is used for higher
temperatures (up to 105 degrees F) and is
suitable for water lines, sprinkler systems
etc.

Types of Pipe Page 709

Clay pipe is formed under high pressure
from fire clays, shales, or a combination of
the two. It is dried then fired at 2100
degrees F. Clay pipe is one of the most
corrosion proof pipes available and is used
in sanitary and industrial sewers.

Pipe connection methods Page

710
Butt Welding: is the most common method
of joining pipes. Butt welded pipes provide
a uniform wall thickness. Figure 22.16
shows a cross section of a butt weld. Pipe
and fittings joined by butt welding are
prepared with a beveled end to provide
space for the welding operation.

Pipe connection methods Page

710-712.
Other pipe connection methods include:
socket welded, screwed, flanged, soldered,
bell and spigot, mechanical joint, solvent
welding connection, and flaring connection

Types of valves

- Page 718

Valves regulate fluids flow. Different valve

types provide: on/off service, regulate flow
of fluid, provide constant pressure, prevent
dangerous pressure buildup and prevent
backflow in the pipe.
The gate valve is used to to provide on/off
service in a pipe. Refer to figure 22.31.

Types of valves

- Page 719

The most common type of regulating valve

is the globe valve. Fluid flowing through the
glove valve travels in a S pattern which
allows the valve to maintain a close control
on the flow. Refer to picture 22.34.

Types of valves

- Page 721

The most common type backflow valve is a check

valve. Check valves prevent backflow by closing
when the fluid stops flowing.
Safety valves such as a pop safety valve pop
wide open when the pressure or piece of
equipment reaches a set pressure. These valve
are used for steam, air and gas lines only not for
liquids. The relief valve provides the same
function but is for liquids.

AutoCAD ISOMETRIC
DRAWING 2009 page 676
Isometric drawings are more realistic than oblique
drawings. The entire object appears as if it is tilted
toward the viewer. The word isometric means
equal measure. This equal measure refers to the
angle between the three axes (120 deg) after the
object has been tilted. The tilt angle is 30 degrees
from horizontal.
All three axis lines can be measured using the
same scale.

Double Line Drawing Pg 723

The double line method is the easiest to
interpret, because it looks like the actual
pipe. This method is used to illustrate
standard installation and in presentation
drawings that are rarely revised.
Assignment is Figure 22.50 on page 731.

ISOMETRIC 2009 page 678

Circles appear as ellipses in an isometric
drawing.
A basic rule to remember about isometric
drawing is that lines that are parallel in and
orthogonal view must be parallel in the
isometric view. The ISOPLANE tool makes
the task of positioning ellipses easy as well
as toggling cross hair positions.

Settings for Isometric Drawing

2009 AutoCAD page 678.
You can set your isometric variables in the
snap and grid table of the draft settings
dialog box. Pick ISOMETRIC SNAP. Be
sure to check the SNAP ON (F9) and the
GRID ON (F7) check boxes if you want
SNAP and GRID modes to be activated.
Notice the crosshairs appear angled.

Settings for Isometric Drawing

2009 AutoCAD
Other tools that will be helpful are the:
ELLIPSE tool to place Isocircles when you
are in Isometric Snap Mode.
Oblique dimensioning: Use the
DIMALIGNED and DIMLINEAR tools.