Chapter Five

The Social,
Economic and
Foreign Policy
1

SOCIAL POLICY

Razak Report 1956

Education Ordinance 1957

To formulate a national education system

Recommendations
The creation of School
Board of Governors
for all schools
The classification of
schools
Malay and English
were to be made
compulsory subjects
in primary and
secondary schools
Formation of one
scheme of service for
teachers
The creation of the
school inspectorate
Aid to be given to all
schools
4

Rahman Talib Report, 1960

Basis for Education
Act 1961

National Education
Report

Aminuddin Baki Report 1964

Multiple Skills

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY

ational language the main medium of instruction.

KBSR
Based on 3M; reading
(Membaca), writing
(Menulis) and counting
(Mengira) that was
initiated in 1989

KBSM
Intellectual, spiritual,
emotional and physically
balanced.
7

National Language Act

Article 152 in Malaysian Constitution indicated

BM as the national language in order to preserve

national unity.

Steps taken by the government:

Establishment of DBP in 1956

Launching of Minggu Bahasa and Bulan

Bahasa

Launching of Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa slogan in

1960
Starting 1967, medium of instruction in English
primary school was changed to BM
Establishment of UKM in 1977 as evidence that
BM can become the language of knowledge.
8

NATIONAL CULTURAL POLICY

Rehabilitation, preservation and development

of culture through joint efforts in research
development, education, and cultural
expansion and communication
Increase and strengthen leadership of culture
through efforts in guiding and training
interested parties, widely support and
promote culture as effective development
machinery
Create an effective communication to build
awareness of the country, nationhood and
nationalism
Fulfill socio-cultural needs; and
Improve the standards and quality of the arts.

10

NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

Sept 1982, Tun Dr Mahathir proposed that Malaysia should

thrive to achieve a population of about 70 million in the long

run.
This suggestion was laid out in the Fourth Malaysia Plan
(1981-1986).
Larger population based would stimulate the economy.

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NATIONAL FAMILY POLICY

Ministry of
Women, Family
and Community

12

NATIONAL WOMENS POLICY

Goals:
To guarantee the equal sharing of sources, information,

opportunities to participate and benefits of development to

men and women.
To integrate women in all national development factors in
line with capability and needs of women to increase quality
of life, eradicate poverty, eradicate ignorance and illiteracy
and uphold the countrys peace, prosperity and harmony.
Strategies:
Increase

efforts to widen knowledge;

Instill noble values and positive attitudes;
Empower youths with vocational skills;
Improve suitable facilities to encourage healthy social
interaction;
Encourage a healthy lifestyle; and
Build spirit of cooperation among government agencies,
private sector and non-governmental organizations (NGO).
13

NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY

14

ECONOMIC POLICY

15

Summary of Economic Development

16

Economic Development
Ten development
plansOutlines
Three
Long Term Plan

17

NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP) - 1971-1975

Objectives:

Strategies

To eradicate poverty
regardless of race
and gender.
To restructuring the
society.
30%
equity
Second aim:
for
Malays
To eradicate racial stereotyping

according to economic functions.

18

NEW DEVELOPMENT POLICY (NEP) - 19912000

Was launched by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed,
the Prime Minister of Malaysia, on 17 June
National unity
1991

Strategies

19

NATIONAL VISION POLICY

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/publ
ic/documents/apcity/unpan003664.pdf
20

National Industrialization Policy

Established on 3 February 1986

12 Sectors:

Rubber
oil palm
Timber
Food
Chemicals
non-ferrous metals and nonferrous minerals
Electrical and electronics
Transport
Equipment
Machinery
Engineering
Ferrous metals
Textiles
Clothing
21

National Agriculture Policy

Was launched on 12 January 1984.
It was created to form guidelines
for the government and private
sectors to develop the agriculture
sector

22

Other related policies

Look East Policy 1982

23

Look East Policy 1982

Was introduced in February 1982

Trainings and courses

Look East Policy 1982

Khidmat
Changes in ATTITUDES

Bersih, Cekap dan Amanah 1983

Was launched by the PM in April 1982, an important foundation to a late

Some of the strategies were:

Introduction of desk file
Introduction of quality control committee
One-stop payment bill centre
Open-space office concept
Punch card
Asset declaration of public officials
Use of name tag
The beefing of Anti Corruption Agency
The introduction of excellence services award
The emphasis of training

Sogoshosha Malaysia
Is a business concept introduced in Japan.

OBJECTIVES
To encourage traditional exports into non-traditional market,
including to new consumers in traditional market.
To encourage non-traditional market.
To expand international opportunities for joint venture investment
in the industrial sector in Malaysia for both the domestic and
foreign markets.
To encourage the transfer of new knowledge and technology.
To encourage non-visible export overseas.

Malaysia Incorporated 1983

To establish close, meaningful and eff

Privatization Policy 1983

The transfer of enterprise ownership from the public to the
private sector.

FOREIGN POLICY

31

Principles

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL FOREIGN

POLICY AFTER INDEPENDENCE

33

Objectives of the National Foreign Policy

Preserve, defend and develop Malaysias

interests in the international arena;
Preserve and defend the independence,
sovereignty and security of Malaysia;
Defend the principles of mutual respect of
independence and sovereignty of territories
through a policy of non-interference in the
internal affairs of other countries;
Face political, economic, security and social
developments and challenges in the world stage;
Defend and advance the rights, interests and
aspirations of Malaysia in all fields; and
Cultivate cordial relations and increase
cooperation with other countries.
34

WHICH MINISTRY IS RESPONSIBLE?

National foreign relations are handled by the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This Ministry

manages matters related to political ties, economic
affairs, security and social and cultural promotion.
Among the objectives of the Ministry are to:
Manage two-way relations, regional relations
and multiple-way relations with foreign countries
and international organizations. These relations
encompass politics, economics and culture;
Promote investment and trade with other
countries;
Carry out informative activities to project the
image of the country abroad; and
Handle support activities, including services,
general administration, finance, consular,
security and communication.
35

ASEAN
8 August 1967

10 member countries

Concept of ZOPFAN
South East Nuclear Weapons
Free Zone (SEANWFZ) Concept
Economic Projects
Cooperation in Social and
Cultural fields
Cooperation in Education
ASEAN Vision 2020
ASEAN + 3

36

Purposes of ASEAN

37

Malaysia and the OIC

(Organization of Islamic Countries)
It was formed in 1971 and
comprises 57 Islamic
countries from the three
biggest regions Asia,
Middle East and Africa.

Islamic Development
Developing
Condemned
Criticized
Organises
Investing
Supports
the
in
Soviet
the
African
several
the
struggle
annual
ethnic
interference
economies
OIC
Bank
Musaqabah
ofcleansing
member
Palestinians
inand
Afghanistan
states
of
al-Quran
society
Muslims in

Purpose:
This organization aims to
foster cooperation among
all Islamic countries in
fields such as socioculture, politics, science
and technology, exchange
of financial information
and such to elevate the
Muslim status
39

What are the roles of OIC?

Malaysias first Prime

Minister was the OIC first
Secretary General
between 1970-1973.

Malaysia and the OIC

(Organization of Islamic Countries)
Professor Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu of Turkey is the
first by-vote-elected Secretary General of the
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Ever
since he took the office as the ninth Secretary
General in January 2005, he has taken serious
steps to make the 57 member states
organization as an effective organization.

www.oic-oci.org
http://www.oicoci.org/is11/english/Charter-en.pdf
41

Commonwealth
Former British
colonies

Aimed to create friendship and

unity, and economic, education,
defense, agriculture and legal
development among all former
British colonies.

Put forth challenges in international trade, colonialism and

opposition to the Apartheid issue in South Africa.
Malaysia was chosen as the host for CHOGM in 1989. The issues
discussed were Apartheid, independence of Namibia, drugs, famine
and poverty in Africa, international economy, West Asia conflict,
Afghanistan and Cambodia conflicts and environmental issues. As a
result of the decline and pollution of the environment, the
Commonwealth Heads of Government outlined several plans and
actions.
Benefits of cooperation in defense, trade, development of science
and technology, agriculture, education, finance and many more.
Conducting joint military training with several Commonwealth
nations.
The introduction of the Colombo Plan further enhanced Malaysias
stature, where Malaysia received advice on education, agriculture,
health and such
42

HARARE DECLARATION
The protection and promotion of the fundamental
political values of the Commonwealth
Democracy
Fundamental human rights
Equality for women
Provision of universal access to education
The end of apartheid in South Africa
The protection of the environment Langkawi
Declaration
To combat drug trafficking and abuse and
communicable diseases

United Nations (UN)

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San

Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International

Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter.
The Organization officially came into existence on 24
October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China,
France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United
States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations
Day is celebrated on 24 October.

44

United Nations (UN)

45

46

Malaysias Roles
Involved in 7 UN Peace Keeping Operations
UN Iraq-Kuwait (1991)
UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
(1991)
UN International Police Force (1995)
UN Mission in Kosovo (1999)
UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (1999)
UN Transitional Administration in East TImur (1999)
UN Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of
Congo (2000)

Malaysias stand on the Antarctica was that the territory should be

ANTARTICA Policy

 Malaysia was previously

chosen to lead the G-77
countries, who were
tasked to discuss on
world development
issues.
Malaysia was also
chosen to lead the
ICDATT, an international
agency tasked with
fighting the abuse of
drugs.
Further, Malaysia was
involved in providing
opinions and views and
reprimanding the world
body, as well as
implementing UN
policy, such as sending
peacekeepers to the
Congo (1961), Somalia
(1995), Bosnia (1996)
and the Iran-Iraq border

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