Introduction to Harvard

Referencing
A305MC Week 2

Why...
...Reference?
acknowledging another authors
intellectual property
show evidence of your research
...Harvard Style?
the style of choice for Coventry
University
one of the most popular referencing
styles (University of Wales 2013)

Harvard Referencing Made

Simple
Two different ways of referencing:
1. In Text Citation
2. Reference

In-text Citations
Citation = When you refer to
another authors work
In-text = When you use it inside the
body of your essay, not at the end
FORMULA:
(Authors surname YEAR: page
number)
(Brown 2007: 63) (Brown 2007)
(BBC 2007) (Coventry University
2007)

In-text Citing: Quoting

Less than 3 lines: the text should be
within quotation marks; kept within the
paragraph of the text.
More than 3 lines, the text should be
indented and there is no need for quotation
marks. For example
More than 3 lines of a quotation would be
indented, like this. At the end of a quotation,
you need to cite the author. Never put a full
stop before a quotation; the full stop comes
after the citation, like this (Brown 2007:63).

In-text Citing:
Paraphrasing
This is when you say, in your own
words, what the author is saying.
It is the approximately same length
as the original quotation, but by
paraphrasing, you are demonstrating
that you understand what he/she is
writing.

In-text Citing:
Summarising
This is when you state the main
points from the quotation;
This demonstrates that you
understand fully what the author is
saying and you are able to perceive
the most important aspects of his/her
argument

References: A whole book by one

author
Give the authors surname and
initials, then the year in brackets and
then the title in italics followed by a
full stop. Finally, give the place (city)
of publication followed by a colon (:)
then the publisher. Example:
Dagorne, F. G. (2003) French
Cultural Developments: A Feminist
Perspective. London: Macmillan

A chapter/essay by a particular author

in an edited collection of essays
The surname and initials of the author of the
chapter you want to reference, then the year the
book was published in brackets
Title of the chapter followed by a full stop, ed. by
surname and initials of the editor
Place of publication: publisher: pages of the article
Aggarwal, B. (2005) The Declining British Bird
Population. In A Guide to Contemporary British
Ornothology. Ed. by Adams, G. London: Palgrave:
66-99

A book with multiple

authors
Give the surnames and initials of the
authors, in the order given by the book,
separated by commas.
For IN TEXT CITATIONS you can use et
al when there are more than 3 authors
Edwell, R., Ambrose, A., Baker, C.
(2002) European Politics since 1997.
London: Routledge

A book by an organisation/
corporate author
Give the name of the organisation as
the author, the year of publication in
brackets, followed by the title and a
full stop. Give the place of
publication followed bu a colon and
the publisher
British Medical Association, Board of
Science and Education (1980)
Alternative Medicine Reviewed.
London: Harwood Academic

A print journal article

Authors surname and initials, year in brackets
then the title of the article followed by a full
stop in single quotations marks. Title of the
journal in italics, then volume number followed
by a comma, then the issue number in brackets.
Use et al for IN TEXT CITATIONS for mutliple
authors
Potter, F., Pavliotis, M., Kiran, DI, Qureshi, H.H.,
Ball, R. (2005) White Noise and Particle
Behaviour. Journal of Mathematics and Physics
2., (1) 67:81

A report
Authors surname and initials/corporate
author then the year in brackets. Write
the title of the report in italics, the series
number if appropriate, then a full stop.
Finally, give the place of publication
followed by a colon then the publisher
Department of Health Committee of
Dietetics (2006) A Report on Dietary
Health no. 41. London: Stationery Office

A Newspaper article
The authors surname and initials
and the date in brackets, then the
title of the article followed by a full
stop within single quotation marks.
Give the title of the newspaper in
italics, then the exact date , a colon
and the page number
Anderson, E. (2002) Biology is
Britains Best Discipline. The
Independent 20 July: 4-5

An electronic journal article

Reference this as a normal print
article, but add the only source and
the date it was accessed, like this:
Dhillon, B. (2004) Should Doctors
Wear Ties? Medical Monthly [online]
3, (1) 55-88. Available from:
http://hospitals/infections/latest-advi
ce/htm [20
July 2006]

A web site
Authors surname and
initials/organisation/corporate author. Give the
year it was created/updated in brackets. Give
the title in italics (you might need to make up
a title) followed by online in sqaure brackets.
Write available form and put the web address
and then the date of access in square brackets
Centre for Academic Writing (2006) The List of
References Illustrated [online] available from <
http://home.ched.coventry.ac.uk/caw/harvard/
index.htm
> [20 July 2006]

A DVD, Video or Film

Surname and initials of director, year of
release in brackets, then the title of the
DVD in Italics, followed by a full stop. Give
the material type in square brackets (DVD,
BluRay, tape, etc). The put the place of
release (the first one) followed by a colon
then the production company
Radford, M. (2004) William Shakespeares
The Merchant of Venice. [DVD] UK:
Shylock Trading Limited

A Lecture
Give the surname and initials of the
lecturer and the year in brackets. Give the
title of the lecture in italics followed by full
stop. Write lecture delivered for and state
the module or occasion , then give the
exact date and the place the lecture was
given
Bhargava, S. (2006) Engineering since
1945. Lecture delivered for module 102ENG
on 2 May 2006 at Coventry University

A secondary reference in a
book
Quote the original source as normal ending
with a full stop. Then write, cited in and give
the publication details of the book you have
actually read. Finally, add a colon then give
the page number of the book you actually
read.
Patel, P. (2004) Green Thinking and Political
Culture. Coventry: Coventry University Press.
Cited in Brown, R. (2005) Enviro-politics in the
New Millenium. London: Macmillan: 66

A secondary reference in a
journal
Quote the original source as normal ending
with a full stop. Then write, cited in and give
the publication details of the journal you have
actually read. Finally, add a colon then give the
page number of the journal you actually read.
Padda, J. (2000) Gender and Creative Writing
in Coventry. Journal of Writing Studies (3) 4459. Cited in Williams, R., Cox, D. and Chan, P.
(2001) How Has Editing Changed? Academic
Writing Review 2 (1) 55-69

Activity
Use the materials provided to post on
your blog.
The blog post must contain a
reference to a book, an electronic
journal article, a printed journal
article, a newspaper article, a blog
and a web site.

Activity
Harvard Referencing Quiz
http://www.staffs.ac.uk/support_depts
/infoservices/learning_support/refzon
e/refzone_quiz/citeitright.htm