GSM

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

Concept
GSM900&GSM1800CoexistNetwork
GSM900M&DCS1800Matacertainlevelare
adjacentcells
TwocellcanHandover,Reselectnaturally
GSM1800

GSM900

GSM1800

GSM900

Differences & similarities Between

GSM900 & DCS1800
similar network
structure
similar speech coder
similar modulation
technique
similar signal protocol
similar frequency
planning tools
.........

Different Frequency
range
Different wireless
propagation rule
Different coverage
Range
Different Transmission
power
.........

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

Network Capacity Development

Dual Band Network Design

Single Band MS

GSM900
y
t
y
i
t
r
ioor i
r
i
P
r
dP
n
d
2
n
M2
GGSSM
DCS 1st
1st Priority
Priority
DCS

Dual band MS

GSM1800

Si
ng
le
ba
nd

Du
al
Ba
nd
ne
tw
or
k

Dual Band Network Organization

Mode

GSM 900 site

Continuous
coverage DCS
1800 site

Discontinuous
coverage DCS
1800 site

Dual Band Network Organization

Mode
MSC
900

MSC
1800

MSC

MSC

MSC

BTS
BSC
900

BTS
900

BSC
1800

BSC
900

BTS
1800

BTS
900

GSM900/DCS1800
Separately used MSC

900
900

BSC
1800

BTS
1800

GSM900/DCS1800
Shared MSC

1800
900MHz equipment
1800

BSC

BSC

BTS
900

BTS
1800

GSM900/DCS1800
shared MSC+ BSC

1800MHz equipment

BTS
900

BTS
1800

BTS
900/1800

GSM900/DCS1800
Shared MSC + BSC + BTS

Establishment of Dual Band

Network Standard
E T S I published GSM / DCS TCTR (Technical
Committee Technical Report) in June 1995

Network Support
MSC process Class Mark 3 ( CM3 ) information
CM3 information sent
during call establish/
handover

MSC

BSC

GSM900
BTS

BSC

DCS 1800
BTS

Class Marks
Power
class
1
2
3
4
5

GSM 900
Maximum output
power
-- ---8 W (39 dBm)
5 W (37 dBm)
2 W (33 dBm)
0.8 W (29 dBm)

DCS 1800
Maximum output
power
1 W (30 dBm)
0.25 W (24 dBm)
4 W (36 dBm)

Tolerance (dB)
for conditions
normal
extreme
2
2.5
2
2.5
2
2.5
2
2.5
2
2.5

Class Marks

Ideal Dual Band Network

Requirements
MscanRoom/support

betweentwodifferentBands

MsCanHandoverBetweentwo

bands

TrafficWellBalanced

BetweentheDualBands

Propercellreselectionand
locationupdate
Byensuringspeechquality,
DualBandNetworkhastoreduce
unnecessaryhandovers
Reliableerrorcorrection

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

Wireless propagation Characteristics

1800& 900 have different propagation
characteristics. 1800 has higher path loss, about
6-12dB higher than 900. usually around 9dB

Link budget-example
Downlink,from BTS to MS

Uplink,from MS to BTS

BTS TX Power
Combining Loss
Duplexer Loss
Top of cabinet TX power
Feeder Loss
BTS antenna gain
Total EIRP

42
3
0
39
2
18
55

dBm
dB
dB
dBm
dB
dBi
dBm

MS RX sensitivity
MS antenna gain

-100 dBm
0 dB

MS TX Power
MS Antenna gain
Total EIRP

30 dBm
0 dB
30 dBm

Feeder Loss
BTS antenna gain

2 dB
18 dBi

BTS RX sensitivity
Diversity gain

-104 dBm
5 dB

Fading margin
6 dBm
Fading margin
Interference margin
3 dBm
Interference margin
Antenna body loss
3 dBm
Antenna body loss
MAX.allowable path loss
143 dB
MAX.allowable path loss
Link Balance(Downlink-Uplink)=0

6 dBm
3 dBm
3 dBm
143 dB

Coverage
According to ETSI suggestion From coverage point of view, 1800M has about 9dB
loss more than 900M, below is the detailed coverage table

Used
freque
ncy
MH
z

Allowed
pass
loss dB

sensitivity
dBm

Typical
radius km

BTS

MS

Urban
area

900

134

-104

-102

Village and
other open
areas
19

Hata

1800

143

-104

-100

Cost231Hata

cell

Propagati
on model
used

Network construction suggestion

According to dual band network propagation
model
Principle Dual Band
Network Planning
GSM900 ensures coverage, DCS1800 takes
care of traffic
DCS1800 site Layout
Choose the site with already existing GSM900
system in order to use the already existing
equipment like; tower, room, power etc and
serve on the investment
Antenna installation
DCS1800 antenna better be 2-3m higher than
GSM900 antenna
Two systems antenna system azimuth angle needs
to be the same to control traffic
Horizontal and vertical angle needs to be small

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

Introduction to Wireless ParametersCell Selection

Cell selection
when MS is switched on or is from the area without service and has
entered into the area with coverage service, ms monitors the signal from
the cell and synchronizes, scans different cells BCCH channel and choose
the suitable cell according to cell selection precedence and C1>0

precedence value,
ms select the cell and the cell becomes the serving
cell
according to cell selection C1 and

Introduction to Wireless parameters

C1 Rule
C1 = A- Max( MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
P ,0)

A=Received Level Average- RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN

P =MS maximum RF power output
Unit for the above parameters is dBm
C1>0 satisfies standard path loss

Introduction to Wireless parameters

CBA CBQ
If a certain cell CBQ ,CBA is set to (0,0), then this cell
during cell selection has ordinary Precedence, if
certain cell CBQ, CBA is set to (1,0) or (1,1), then this
cell has lower Precedence

Introduction to Wireless Parametersexample:1800M Precedence

In order for MS to first select 1800M, 1800M
cell has to be set as a normal precedence
cell, with: CBQ=0, CBA=0; 900M cell set to
lower precedence cell, its CBQ=1, CBA=0
900M Cell CBQ = 1 CBA =
0 C1=15
1800M Cell CBQ = 0 CBA =
0 C1=10
Switched on selecting a cell

Introduction to Wireless Parameters

C2 Rule

C2 = C1 + CRO TO H(PT T) PT 31
C2 = C1 CRO
PT=31
CRO = CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
TO = TEMPORARY_OFFSET
PT = PENALTY_TIME 20s,40s,...
T MS Timer
For Non service cell H(x) = 0 x<0
=1x0
For service cell
H(x) = 0
C2 Rule can be simplified to C2 = C1 + offset
Offset can either be positive or negative

Introduction To wireless Parameters

Handover
According to coverage, the following are the types of
handover
Cell internal Handover handover traffic channels belong
to the same cell. This kind of handover can be handled by the
BSC where the cell belongs;
Cell-Cell same BSC two cells controlled by same BSC.
This kind of handover doesnt need MSC intervention, can be
handled by the BSC where the two cell belong
BSC- BSC same MSC two cell belong to two different
BSC which are controlled by one MSC. This type of handover
needs participation of MSC and the two BSC
MSC-MSC two cell belong to two different MSC. This
kind of handover needs more than one MSC to handle and the
two BSC where the cell belong

Introduction to Wireless Parameters

Handover
The following are the types of Handover
according to handover characteristics
Saving handover

Interference handover
Strong Handover
Quality Handover
TA Handover
Fast Fading Handover

Better cell handover

PBGT Handover Better Cell

Introduction to Wireless Parameters

Handover
PBGT(n) = ( RXLEV_NCELL(n) - (RXLEV_DL+PWR_C_D))
- (min(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n), P) - min(MS_TXPWR_MAX, P))
MS_TXPWR_MAX MS Max allowed power in the serving
cell
RXLEV_DL measured report average Downlink RXLEV
PWR_C_D BTS Max power and BTS Reported power
difference
MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) MS at the neighbor cell max
allowed power
P MS max power
RXLEV_NCELL(n) Adjacent cell average Downlink
RXLEV

Introduction To Wireless
Parameters- Handover
ECSC Early Classmark Sending Control
According to GSM standard, when MS has
Early Classmark Sending Control, and the network
support Early Classmark Sending Control then MS
sends Classmark 3 information through
CLASSMARK CHANGE information during assign,
whether network supports Early Classmark Sending
Control or not, it is controlled by ECSC parameter.
This parameter is broadcast to cell through RIL3_RR
SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE3

Introduction To Wireless Parameters

Handover
Mult Band Indexes

Introduction to Wireless Parameters

Handover
Direct Retry
During assign, if the serving cell do not
have free TCH to allocate, and the system
uses Direct Retry then MS will be allocated
TCH from the adjacent cell in accordance
with the MS measurement Report. This is a
very special Handover process and can
greatly reduce dropped calls. Direct retry
can be classified as internal BSC direct
retry or inter BSC direct retry, the
former doesnt require MSC intervention
whilst the latter does.

Introduction to Wireless Parameters

Handover
Traffic Handover
Why Traffic Handover The reason for handover is because
the cell have or will have congestion, and the adjacent cell is
empty. When MSC is about to decide traffic handover, MSC
sends Handover_Candidate_Enquiry information to BSC, ordering a
certain number of MS to handover from the original congested
cell to the target empty cell
Candidate Principle BSC chooses the cell with worst service quality
among its cells to become the candidate. Example Denotations evaluations:
Up/Downlink quality, Up/Downlink REXLEV, MS-BTS distance, according
precedence average

Handover target cell limit Candidate MS adjacent cell

measurement Report does not include MSC supplied cell table
any cell which cancels candidates seniority
Handover time Limit

Introduction to Wireless parameters

Handover
Fast fading Handover
If BSC discovers the signal strength of MS is
continuously decreasing beyond the threshold T, then
fast fading handover can take place, the target handover
cell is selected from the related serving cell neighbors

A
A

Micro 1
High speed MS

Micro 2 4

RH TH=-96 dBm
RH N=4

Micro2 is
defined as
serving cell
neighbor cell

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

Traffic Control Strategy

The aim of traffic
control is:

Traffic Adjustment
Principle

Traffic Control often used measures

Control
Control cell
cell select
select
C1
C1
CBA
CBA
CBQ
CBQ

Control
Control cell
cell Reselect
Reselect
C2
C2

Control
Control Dual
Dual Band
Band Handover
Handover
PBGT
PBGT
priority
priority

Traffic Balance 1
Through setting of CBA CBQ precedence
selection DCS1800
Network uses C2 rule as Reselection standard

900M cell
C1=15 C2=5
1800M cell
C1=10 C2=20

Traffic Balance
Other traffic control
measures
Traffic handover
Layer control
RF control
threshold

Direction retry
Wait time

Xian Dual Band Network

Network construction
From December 2002, ZTE constructed Dual Band
network for Xian Unicom, up to date Xian
DCS1800 network has about 1000TRX/100 sites
In the initial network construction, the aim was to
balance the traffic using ZTE dual band Network
At present the network has two topologies
ZTE GSM900 ZTE DCS1800 A type
Siemens GSM900, ZTE DCS1800 B type

Collected sites

Xian Dual Band Network

Traffic Balance A type Network
Idle mode first select DCS network, D

PBGT

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

ZTE_DCS
SIEMENS
ZTE_DCS
SIEMENS
ZTE_DCS
SIEMENS
ZTE_DCS
SIEMENS
ZTE_DCS
SIEMENS

SDCCH

( )

TCH

(Erl)

(%)

(%)

2003-09-08
10:00-11:00

0.26%

213201.00

587.00

0.28%

99.47%

1572.73

91.85
%

1012.00

0.47%

93.24

2003-09-09
10:00-11:00

0.29%

222599.00

624.00

0.28%

99.43%

1631.92

91.68
%

1014.00

0.46%

96.56

2003-09-10
10:00-11:00

0.22%

223967.00

597.00

0.27%

99.51%

1652.17

91.92
%

1048.00

0.47%

94.59

2003-09-11 10:0011:00

0.12%

243280.00

1013.00

0.42%

99.47%

1818.79

91.41
%

1119.00

0.46%

97.52

2003-09-12
10:00-11:00

0.28%

221836.00

562.00

0.25%

99.47%

1632.34

91.59
%

1005.00

0.45%

97.45

2003-09-13
10:00-11:00

0.06%

139721.00

266.00

0.19%

99.75%

978.16

91.72
%

641.00

0.46%

91.56

2003-09-14
10:00-11:00

0.23%

199751.00

530.00

0.27%

99.50%

1755.10

91.79
%

892.00

0.45%

118.06

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

ZTE BTS1800/900 Equipment

BTS series

3G high power
micro BTS
BS30(40W)

High integration
indoor type
BTS

2G high power
micro BTS
BS21(40W)

Indoor type
BTS

Outdoor type
BTS
Indoor type
BTS

Satisfy different coverage area requirments

1G micro BTS
MB 12W

BTS

Indoor type Macro BTS V1A

Physical size
1600660550 mm3 (H x W x D)
Single shelf supported TRX 6TRX/ 3TRX
Power output
GSM900/GSM1800 40W/ 80W
Receive Sensitivity
GSM900/GSM1800
-112dBm
Max power consumption
1200W
BTS power control
6 level static power control every
level 2dB
15 level dynamic power control every level
2dB
Voltage
-40~-57VDC 19~29VDC
System Maintenance MTBF =120000h
Support long distance coverge


V2
Physical size
1600660550 mm3 (H x W x D)
Single shelf supported TRX 12TRX/ 6TRX
Power output
GSM900/GSM1800 40W/ 80W
Receive Sensitivity
GSM900/GSM1800 -112dBm
Max power consumption
2200W
BTS power control
6 level static power control every level
2dB
15 level dynamic power control every
level 2dB
Voltage
-40~-57VDC 19~29VDC
System Maintenance MTBF =120000h
Support long distance coverge

Contents
Concept Of Dual Band Network
Dual Band Network Organization
characteristic
Dual Band Network Construction
Introduction To Dual Band Wireless
Parameters
Traffic Control Strategy
ZTE 1800M Products
ZTE GSM1800 Typical Market Share

ZTEExcellentDualBandNetwork
Scheme TypicalMarketShare

Shanxi Unicom Example

2003 Shanx
i Unicom
signed
GSM1800
contract
with ZTE
Cover
Xian,
Baoqi,
chengyang
and
Weinan
More than

ZTE Excellent Dual Band Network Scheme Typical

Market Share
Qinghai unicom Geermu area 1800M
from late 2001, Qinghai Unicom
and our company singed GSM main
equipment, our equipment have
excellent performance in Qinghai
local network, 144 TRX , 25 sites.
in early 2003 later, Qinghai singed
another contract with our company making
Geermu real dual band network, 72
TRX/12sites.


1800M
2000 5
GSM

2003

1800M
68TRX/10Site 1800

BSS National Market Share

National Market Share

Penetrated 20
provinces

BSS International Market Share

U.K.
ZTE

ZTE
RUSSIA

U.S.A
ZTE
ZTE
LIBYA
CUBA
ZTE

PERU
ZTE

ZTE
CYPRUS

ZTE
NIGER
NIGERIA
ZTE CONGO
ZTE

UZBEKISTAN
ZTE TAJIKISTAN
CHINA
IRAN
ZT
ZTE
E
ZTE
ZTE
PAKISTAN
MYANMAR
ZTE

ETHIOPIA
ZT
ZT SOMALIA
E
E

ZAMBIA
ZTE

EAST TIMOR
ZTE

CHILE
ZT
E

ZTE 1800M equipment in international market, e.g. Nigeria, Russia, Congo, etc are widely used
Nigeria 2506TRX/ 324BTS
Russia 265TRX/47BTS

900/1800Dual band Network

900/1800Dual Band Network