MOTIVATION

Motivation is the act of stimulating

someone or oneself to get a desired
course of action

It is something that moves a person

to action and continues him in the
course of action already initiated

The process of inducing people to act in a

given way involves the creation &
sustenance of the desire to work for certain
goals among the people in an organization.

It is the function of manager to induce

employees to work willingly, efficiently,
effectively & enthusiastically and contribute
their best to the achievements of
organizations.

Thus motivation refers to the way a

person is enthused at work, to intensify
his desire and willingness, to use his
potentialities for achievement of
organizational objectives.

Defined as the psychological forces

within a person that determine:
1) direction of behavior in an organization;
2) the effort or how hard people work;
3) the persistence displayed in meeting goals.

Outcomes & Inputs

Regardless

of the source of motivation, people

seek outcomes.
Outcome: anything a person gets from a job.
Examples include pay, autonomy,
accomplishment.
Organizations hire workers to obtain inputs:
Input: anything a person contributes to their
job.
Examples include skills, knowledge, work
behavior.
Managers thus use outcomes to motivate
workers to provide inputs.

Motivation Equation
Inputs
Inputsfrom
from
Organizational
Organizational
members
members
Time
Time
Effort
Effort
Education
Education
Experience
Experience
Skills
Skills
Knowledge
Knowledge
Work
WorkBehav.
Behav.

Performance
Performance
Contribute
Contributeto
to
organization
organization
efficiency,
efficiency,
effectiveness
effectiveness
and
and
attain
attaingoals
goals

Outcomes
Outcomes
received
receivedby
by
members
members
Pay
Pay
Job
JobSecurity
Security
Benefits
Benefits
Vacation
Vacation
Autonomy
Autonomy
Responsibility
Responsibility

MOTIVES
Def :- Motives are defined often as needs, wants,
drives
within the individual.

Motives direct individual behaviour to achieve

goals.

Goals which are external to the individual are

achieved through motives.

Different motives operated at different times

among different people and influence their
behaviour. (Money, Responsibility, Position etc)

NEED

DRIVES

GOALS

MOTIVES

PRIMARY

hunger, thirst,
clothing, sleep,etc

SECONDARY

Achievement, Power,
affiliation, security, Status.

Types of Motives
Primary Motives : It is also called as Physiological,
biological, unlearned motives.
The most common primary motives
are hunger, thirst, clothing, sleep,etc.
Since human beings have a common
physiological make-up, we all end up
having the same primary needs.

Secondary Motives : Primary motives give way to learned

secondary motives.

Some of the secondary motives are

Achievement, Power, affiliation,
security, Status.

Examples of Secondary
motives
Need for Achievement : Doing better than competitors
Attaining a difficult goals
Solving a complex problem
Carrying out a challenging
assignment successfully

Need for Power : Influence people to change their

attitude or behaviour
Controlling people and activities
Being in a position of authority over
other
Gaining control over resources.

Need for Affiliation : Being liked by many people

Being accepted as a part of group or
team
Working with people who are
friendly and cooperative.
Participating in social activities

Need for Security : Having a secure job.

Being protected against loss of
income.
Having protection against illness
and disability.
Avoiding tasks or decisions with a
risk or failure and blame.

Need for Status : Having a right car and wearing the

right cloths.
Having a degree from the right
university.
Working for the right company in the
right job.
Living in the right neighborhood.

MORALE

Morale is degree of enthusiasm and

willingness to work.

Morale reflects in the general feeling of well

being, satisfaction and happiness of people.

Morale refers to the total satisfaction ie a

person derives from his job, his work
place, his work group, his boss, and the
organization.

Hence where morale is high, the output will

also high.

MORALE &
PRODUCTIVITY

Productivity is a ratio that compares

units of output with units of input.

If more output can be produced from

the same amount of inputs
productivity is improved

It is generally assume that morale

and productivity always go together.

It is certain that high morale is

directly concern with favorable
attitude of the work force &
accomplishment of organizational
goals become easy.

Hence morale adds to productivity

provided proper MOTIVATION of
worker exists.

Morale & Productivity

relationship
1.
2.
3.
4.

High Morale High Productivity

Low Morale Low Productivity
High Morale Low Productivity
Low Morale High Productivity

1. High Morale High

Productivity

This happens only when the workers

are motivated in the right sprite &
supervision of right type.

2. Low Morale Low

Productivity

In the absence of proper motivation,

morale and productivity both will be
lowered.

3. High Morale Low

Productivity

This position is found where the men are

not fully trained and supervision are not
fully competent in getting the work
done.

This position also exist when supervision

are of the view that workers should not
in any case be unhappy, whatsoever be
the effect on organization goals.

4. Low Morale High

Productivity

This position came when the

management is not co-operative the
workers and avoid the feeling of the
men at work.

Management use penalties, punishment

but provide better machinery &
equipment to carry on the production.

It means management is highly

production oriented.

High
Morale
only
High Morale &
High Productivity
M
O
R
A
L
E

High
Productivity
only

PRODUCTIVITY