I

Vernaculararchitectureisthearchitectureformedbyagradualprocessoflongandrepeatedaccordingtothebehavior, customs, and culture intheplaceoforigin.

Vernacular,derivedfromthetermvernacullusmeanslocal natives.
Establishmentofarchitecturetakesplacesgraduallytaking a lot of time such that the attitude of the people as such will form roots of architecture.
Inthisbackground,Indonesiaisvast,hasmanyislands,alotofculturaldifferencesandArchitectureisoneoftheparametersofthecultureinIndonesiabecauseitisusuallyassociatedwiththearchitectureofthesocialsystemi.ethefamily,throughreligiousrituals.FromthewesttotheNorthandthevariednatureresource,
geographicalcharactersleadtodifferentcharactersofform.

 BaliisoneprovinceofIndonesia.
ItisfamousforUniqueCulture,varietyofdances,
performingarts,carvingandtraditionalpanting,
weavingandjewelry.
AlsoTraditionalBalineseArchitectureissointricate,
balancedandhasdifferentcoloursindiversityof
IndonesiaArchitecture.
ThewordBaliissynonymouswithbeauty
ofculture,ofspiritandofform.

Theseareenvironmentswherethephysical
formsofdwellingsandsettlementsare
entwinedwithreligious,cultural,andsocial
systems.
Buttotheinitiatedtownsman,villager,or
priest,theenvironmentshaveaprofound
influenceonreligious,social,mental,and
evenphysicalwell-being.Environmentslike
thesestillexistinBali.

FACTORS WHICH DEFINE BALINESE ARCHITECTURE

1) BALINESE HINDUISM:

Trade links: Indian religiousbeliefsinSoutheastAsiadatefromthetimeofChristwhen

Indianmerchantsfirstbegantodeveloptradelinkswiththeregion.

Influences:BalineseHinduismhowever,probablyowesmoretoJavaneseinfluences
betweenthe14thand16thcenturiesthanitdoesdirectlytotheIndiansubcontinent.

Impact of Hindu- Buddhist kingdoms:ThiswastheeraofthemightyEastJavanese

Majapahitempirewhosepoliticalandculturalinfluence,atitsheight,extendedover
muchoftheIndonesianarchipelagoincludingBali.TheMajapahitdynastywasthelast
inalonglineofHindu-BuddhistkingdomsinJavawhichinearliercenturieshadbeen
responsibleforbuildingthegreattemplecomplexesatBorobudurandprambanan.

Overtime,theseculturalorientationsbecameassimilatedaspartoftheIslandsunique
culturaltradition,givingrisetoasingularlyBalinesestyleofHinduism,shotthroughwith
Buddhistinfluencesandinfiltratedbyindegenousanimism.

a) TRI ANGA Room Hierarchy :

Tri Anga is system ofdividezoneorPlanAreaofTraditionalArchitectureBalinese.
Divided in three:
ThetripartitedivisionoftheuniversedovetailswiththeconceptofTriAngga,whichassumesthat
everythinginthenaturalworldcanbedividedintothreeparts:nista, madyaand utama.
Utama,thehighestposition,thehead
Madya,themiddleposition,body
Nista, Thebelowposition,dirty,low,feet.

Utama,whichinphysicaltermsdenotesthingsthatarehighoraboveisidentifieswith
mountainsand.byextension,thegodswhodwellthere,heavenandtheancestors,andall
thatispureorsacred.
Nista,ontheotherhand,denotesthingsthatareloworbelow,whichincludestheseaand
anymalevolentspirits,hellandthedead,theimpureandtheprofane.
Manoccupiesthemiddlegroundofmadya,themundaneworldofeverydayexistence,akind
ofcosmologicalhinterland.
This tripartite scheme of things embrace all aspects of creation, including the things that
man himself creates.Even the simplest built structure can be separated into three
components a base, the walls or posts, and the roof , so is the human body.

TRI LOKA DIVISION

Theuniverse(BWANA=World,AGUNG=Great)wasbornofthesoundofcreation:
A U M
A ANG DEWA BRAHMA - The Creator
U Ung DEWA WISNU - The preserver
M Mang DEWA CIWA - The destroyer /
Resolver
Human Bodyisdividedinto:
BUR (Head)TherealmoftheGods.
BWAH (Body)TherealmoftheHumans.
SWAH (Feet)TherealmoftheCohonianinfluences(Demons&GroundSpirits).
The Village is Split into three area, as:
Temples asGodHabitat
VillageasHumanHabitat
CemeteryasSpiritHabitat
The House divided into three area, as:
Shrine asGodArea
House CourtyardasHumanArea

TheorientationoftheBalinesediagram,
thesangamandalabycontrast,is
dominatedfromtoptobottombythe
mountain-seaaxis,andfromrighttoleft
bythesunrise-sunsetaxis.
Thedirectiontowardthemountainis
knownaskaja,andthattowardthesea
isknownaskelod.
TheBalinesebelievethatBaliisthe
naveloftheworldandthattheabodeof
thegodsislocatedinthecloudsabove.
Theseaistherealmofdemonsandevil
spirits.Thesawahs(ricefields)and
forestsin-betweenaretheabodeof
humans-onceagainthetripartitedivision
correspondingtohead,body,andfeet.
Orderandharmonybetweenthebuilt
environmentandtheuniverseis
achievedbyspatialhierarchyand
orientationmadepossiblebyfollowing
thesangamandala.

THE BALINESE VILLAGE:

THE BALINESE DWELLING:

b) TRADITIONAL DIMENSION IN BALI :

In designinga

traditionalBalinese
buildings,allshapes
andsizesorgan
scalebasedonthe
humanbody.
Knownforsomeof
thenamesof
traditionalBalinese
sizedimensions
are:
Astha, Tapak,
Tapak Ngandang,
Musti, Depa, Nyari,
A Guli and many
more.

BALINESE COURTYARD:

Balinesearchitecturebeitceremonialorsecularisarchitectureofcourtyards.Thecourtyards
consistoffreestandingpavilionsandgardenelementsopenspaces,gates,wallsandshade
trees.Templecomplexes(pura)andpalaces(puri),twoprimeexamplesofcourtyard
architecture,oftenhavemanyinterlockingcourtstoaccommodatemassrituals.Courtyardsvary
inlevelhigherorlowerdependingonoccupantsstatusorthecourtyardsuse,andareconnected
byrampsorstepsthroughgates.
DomesticCompound.
(l)Centralcourtyard
(2)Familyshrine
(3)Principalsleeping
pavilion
(4)Ceremonialpavilion
(5)Guestpavilion,tothe
west
(6)Balesakenam
(7)Kitchen,Ofpaon,in
thesouth
(8)Ricebarn
(9)Pigsty
(10)Compoundentrance
(ll)Smallscreeningwall

GATE :

DOOR:

POST BASES:

GRAND HYATT, BALI

DOOR:

BUILDING MATERIALS :
Bali has a wealth of building materials positively bursting from its
very rich volcanic soil. Nearly everything can be worked off with
hand, by appropriate carpentry, masonry, thatching and bamboo
working materials.Bali is true to its locals sense.
For example if the house exists along the coastline, limestone,
beach sand for courtyards, and coconut wood (for truss work).In
the mountains, bamboo shingles, volcanic stuff and dark timbers
work with landscape and with climate.
MaterialsavailableinBaliare:
Timber
Bamboo
Thatch
Stone
Paras
CoralandLimestone
EarthandBrick
Ceramic

BAMBOO AS A LOCAL MATERIAL:

OneofthenaturesmostversatilewonderscalledasbambooiswidelyutilizedinBalinese
construction.
Itismostnoticeablyusedasrafters(iga-iga)inthatchedroofs.
Whethersplitandshapedintoroofshingles,sheedandintopanelscalledbedeg,orshreddedto
makethebamboostringusedinthatching.
Bambooismostcommonlyusedasbedegpanelsinbambooortimberframes.Itsbotanicalstructure
longhollowtubesjoinedbyhardnodulesmakesitastrongandflexible.
LotmanydesignersinBaliuseitforconstructionasitisenvironmentalfriendly.

THE GREEN SCHOOL,BALI SHOWCASES BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION:

Thiscampusofbuildingsisconstructedfromsustainablyharvestedbambooandispoweredbyrenewable
energysystems.ItisalsoaholisticcommunityandrecentlyshortlistedforAgaKhanAwards.

Theabovepicturesshowthetypicalbamboostructureattheheartoftheschool.

Openclassroomemphasisingontheneedofopenclassroom,andbamboodoesjusticetoit.

The bridge connecting the either side of the river.

The form of the pavilion showcases its link to the local Balinese