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SEMINAR - III

Design interventions for


orphan children to
accommodate their
psychological needs
Devvrat Chowdhary
2010BARC009

AIM
To assess the psychological
issues prevalent in orphan
children and propose design
interventions accordingly.

Objectives
To assess the psychological impact on the children
who have lost their parents or those who are
growing without biological parents.
List the various psychological issues.
To understand the relationship between the spatial
character and psychology of children with special
reference to those who have gone through trauma
of separation from biological parents.
To make and attempt to mitigate the negative
impacts of orphan hood in children through design.

Scope and Limitations


The age group of 0-12 years is
considered for the purpose of this
dissertation.
The study will aim to arrive with
schemes to guide the design of
childrens homes but will not provide
rigid details of design interventions.
Only literature case studies will be
referred for the scope of this
dissertation.

Methodology

Literature Review
Psychological Issues
Methods to Counteract psychological problems

Background study 1 billion + people

Definition of an orphan:

A child who is below 18 years of age


and who has lost one or both parents
may be defined as an orphan (George,
2011).

Orphans in India:

The number of orphans in India stands


at approximately 55 million children of
age 0 to 12 years, which is about 47% of
the overall population of 150 million
orphans in the world (GCM India;
UNICEF, 2005).

(Shrivastava, 2007)

Literature
Review
Psychological problems
An orphanage for young women in
Srinagar was surveyed by psychiatrists
using DSM-IV guidelines to evaluate
children for psychopathology. Children
were in the age group of 5 to 12 years.

40.62%
PTSD

25%
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)

12.5%
Conversio
n Disorder

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)

(Chan et al. 2006)

Literature Review
Psychological problems

According to A study of psycho social


problems in orphans in Kerala a Ph.D.
thesis by Benson. N the major psychosocial problems a homeless child faces
are:

Self-esteem
Recognition and approval
Love and Affection
Security
Independence
Creative expression
New Experience
dealing with others
Achievement
Isolation
Financial problems
Dealing with the opposite sex
Dealing with Authorities
Relation with Anxiety
Relation with Emotional Maturity

Literature Review

Methods to counteract psychological issues


Colour therapy
RED

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract psychological
issues

Colour therapy
BLUE

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract psychological
issues

Healing Gardens
Child friendly entry
Comfortable space for staff and parents
Many options as possible for children to
interact with nature through their senses
and or hands-on activities
Plant a garden and harvest
Universal Accessibility
Multi-purpose setting for activities, social
gatherings
Shade
Provide plants and trees that drop leaves
and twigs Seeds and stones
Add a hill
Storage, potting shed
Fun signage

(Source-Basham & Lucas


Design Group)

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract
psychological issues
Architectural Intervention
Attachment to a certain architectural
space, identification with it, and
possibility of regulating privacy and
recovering of environment results in
appearance of favourite place
phenomenon.
Vertical realms

(Danica. 2008)

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract
psychological issues
Architectural Intervention

Source- Queen Silvia


Childrens Hospital

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract
psychological issues
Architectural Intervention

Source- The Little School in San


Francisco, Mark Horton

Literature
Review
Methods to counteract
psychological issues
Psychological effect of shapes

Connection, community,
wholeness, endurance,
movement, safety,
perfection
Refers to the feminine:
warmth, comfort,
sensuality, and love.

Order, logic, containment,


security.
Rectangles provide a fourth
point, which is mathematically
the foundation for 3D objects,
suggesting mass, volume, and
solids.

Energy, power, balance, law,


science, religion.
Refers to the Masculine:
strength, aggression, and
dynamic movement.

Case study

SOS Childrens Village Jordan

Childrens scale
Linking paths and gardens
Shaded courts
Use of stone irregular
shapes, fantasy
Arched pathways

SOS childrens village Jordan - PLAN (*Source Aga Khan


award for Architecture

Case study

SOS Childrens Village Jordan

SOS childrens village Jordan- View (*Source Aga Khan


award for Architecture

Case
study
Amsterdam
OrphanageNetherlands
Childrens scale
Small informal pockets create
areas of intrigue and discovery
Reflective surfaces (material)
Simple Geometry interaction to
create interactive spaces

Orthogonal grid with diagonal pathways creating


equal spaces (Archdaily)

Case
study
Amsterdam
OrphanageNetherlands

Amsterdam Orphanage-

Result

Relationship between shapes, colours


and the psychological issues
addressed
1

ACTIVI
TY
Eating

SPATIAL
CHARACTER
Rectangle

COLOUR

Study

Rectangle,
Triangle

Blue, green

Creativ
e

Circle

Red, Green,
Violet

Restin
g

Circle

Orange, Blue

Yellow

PSYCHOLOGICAL
ISSUE ADDRESSED
Independence,
Dealing with others
Self esteem, New
experience,
Independence,
Achievement
Isolation, Creative
expression,
Security, Dealing
with others, self
esteem
Anxiety, Security,
dealing with others

Result

Spatial character suggestions


Articulated Classroom

Result

Spatial character suggestions


Space as a Home Base
Generally the spaces in an
childrens home though for
children are controlled by the
administrative people and the
children act as visitors
There should be some permanent
spaces for the individuals
something like a nest from where
you take off and keep returning to
meet up again.

Result

Spatial character suggestions


Threshold space between
classroom and corridor
With corridors changing from
circulation area to work area
comes an even greater need for
openness
there needs to be a surveillance
of those working outside as well
as inside of the teacher and even
though there is a physical
detachment the children should
feel connected.

Conclusion

References
Benson, N (2002). The study of Psycho-social
problems of orphans in Kerela
Browne, K. (2009). The Risk of Harm to Young
Children in Institutional Care. United Kingdom:
Save the Children.
Johnson, W. D. (2013). The Effects of Being
Orphan
James Sengendo and Janet Nambi. (1997)The
psychological effect of orphanhood: a study of
orphans in Rakai district
M. Mudasir Naqshbandi ,Rashmi Sehgal,Fahim ul
Hassan (2012) Orphans in orphanages of Kashmir
and their Psychological problems
Shah Amir Ezham Ismail , . Zaiton Abdul Rahim,
Asiah Abdul Rahim (2013) Muslim orphanage's
village

Unicef (2005). The state of the world's children


2006: excluded and invisible: United Nations
Pubns.
Danica Stankovi (2008). Space in the function
of psychological stability of a child
Basham & Lucas Design Group (1998). Gardens
that heal: therapeutic landscape and site design
Yuanquan Xu (2012). Play therapy room design
Indiaparenting.com, Colour therapy for children
California state university Stanislaus, online
archive
Herman Hertzberger Space and learning
Shrivastava D (2007). Child traffickingA human
right abuse. Indian Police J

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