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0 Bearing Capacity
02/24/15
02/24/15
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
02/24/15
02/24/15
Punching Failure:
Common in fairly loose sand or soft clay
Failure surface does not extends beyond the zone right
beneath the foundation
Extensive settlement with a wedge shaped soil zone in
elastic equilibrium beneath the foundation. Vertical
shear occurs around the edges of foundation.
After reaching failure load-settlement curve
continues at some slope and mostly linearly.
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
Punching Failure:
02/24/15
02/24/15
Assumption
L/B ratio is
large plain strain problem
Df B
Shear resistance of soil for Df depth is neglected
General shear failure
Shear strength is governed by Mohr-Coulomb Criterion
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
02/24/15
2
1
q u . B 2. Pp 2.C a . sin ' 4 ' B tan
2
1
q u . B 2. Pp B .c '. sin ' 4 ' B tan
'
'
Pp Pp Ppc Ppq
Pp due to only self weight of soil in shear zone
Ppc due to soil cohesion only (soil is weightless)
Ppq due to surcharge only
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
Weight term
Surcharge term
Cohesion term
c. N
q. N
1) cot '
B .c . N
0.5 ' B . N
K P
1
2 tan ' [
1]
2
cos '
(N
B.q. N
'
q
2 cos 2 ( 45 )
2
'inrad .
3
a ( 4
) tan '
2
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13
02/24/15
3 c'
m
For square
For circular
02/24/15
' (D
Dw D f
' (
)( ' )
B
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dw
'
( 2 H d w )
sat
( H dw )2
H2
H2
Rupture depth:
H 0.5 B tan( 45
'
)
2
d w Dw D f
02/24/15
17
Df
B
N c 6 (1 0.2
)
Df
B
Nq = 1 and N = 0
with limit of Nc 7.5
Df
qu = c.Nc + q
qu = c.Nc
02/24/15
18
My
Fv
Mx
ey
Fv
M x FHy . d FH
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19
Shape
factor
Depth
factor
N q tan 2 ( 45
Inclination
factor
Empirical correction
factors
N c ( N q 1) cot '
N ( N q 1) tan(1.4 ' )
N 2 ( N q 1) tan( ' )
qu c . N c . s c . d c . i c . g c . bc q . N q . s q . d q . i q . g q . bq 0.5 ' B . N . s . d . i . g . b
Ground factor
Base factor
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
20
02/24/15
Shape
Factors
For 10o
'
s c 1 0.2 B tan 2 ( 45 )
L
2
'
B
2
s q s 1 0.1 tan ( 45 )
L
2
Depth
Factors
d c 1 0.2
Df
L
tan( 45
'
)
2
For 10o
d q d 1 0.1
Df
L
tan( 45
Inclination
Factors
o 2
i c i q ( 1
)
90
2
i (1 )
'
02/24/15
'
)
2
Inclination
Factors
FH
ic 1
for ' 0
2 BL . c '
0.5 FH
i q [ 1
]5
FV BL . c '. cot '
Depth For 0
Df
Factors
For 0
d c 0 .4
forD f
1 D f
d
0 . 4 tan
ForD
1
( 1 F H )
i c 1 [ 1
] 2 for ' 0
2
BL . su
0.7 FH
i [1
]5
FV BL . c '. cot '
d c 1 0 . 4
forD
Df
B
forD f
1 D f
d
1 0 . 4 tan
ForD
Df
Df
2
1
d q 1 2 tan '.(1 sin ' ) tan
B
forD
02/24/15
d 1
Shape
Factors
B
B
0.2 (1 2 i ). L for ' 0
s c 0.2 ic . for ' 0 s
c
c
L
B
B
s
1 i .( L ) sin ' s 1 0.4 i .( L )
q
q
02/24/15
24
Notes:
1. Notice use of effective
base dimensions B, L by
Hansen but not by Vesic.
2. The values are consistent
with a vertical load or a
vertical load accompanied by
a horizontal load HB.
3. With a vertical load and a
load HL (and either HB=0 or
HB>0) you may have to
compute two sets of shape
and depth factors si,B, si,L and
di,B, di,L. For i,L subscripts use
ratio L/B or D/L.
4. Compute qu independently
by using (siB, diB) and (siL,
diL) and
use min value for
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
design.
Notes:
1. Use Hi as either HB or HL, or
both if HL>0.
2. Hansen (1970) did not give an ic
for >0. The value given here is
from Hansen (1961) and also used
by Vesic.
3. Variable ca = base adhesion, on
the order of 0.6 to 1.0 x base
cohesion.
4. Refer to sketch on next slide for
identification of angles and ,
footing depth D, location of Hi
(parallel and at top of base slab;
usually also produces eccentricity).
Especially notice V = force normal
to base and is not the resultant R
from combining V and Hi..
25
02/24/15
26
02/24/15
27
Note:
1. When =0 (and 0)
use N = -2sin() in N
term.
2. Compute m = mB when
Hi = HB (H parallel to B)
and m = mL when Hi = HL
(H parallel to L). If you
have both HB and HL use
m = (mB2 + mL2)1/2. Note
use of B and L, not B,
L.
3. Hi term 1.0 for
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel,
MUK 02/24/15 i , i (always).
computing
q
Suitability of Methods
28
Use
Terzaghi
Best for
Very cohesive soils where D/B1 or for a
quick estimate of qult to compare with other
methods. Do not use for footings with
moments and/or horizontal forces or for tilted
bases and/or sloping ground
Hansen,
Meyerhof,
Vesic
IS:6403-1981 Recommendations
29
q nu cu . N c . s c . d c . ic whereN c 5.14
For rectangle,
s c 1 0.2 B
L
s q 1 0.2 B s
L
B
1 0.4 L
02/24/15
IS:6403-1981 Recommendations
30
Depth
Factors
d c 1 0.2
Df
L
tan( 45
Df
'
)
2
'
d q d 1 0.1
tan( 45 ) for ' 10 o
L
2
d q d 1 for ' 10 o
Inclination Factors
02/24/15
31
Bearing Capacity
Correlations with
SPT-value: Peck,
Hansen, and Thornburn
(1974) & IS:6403-1981
Recommendation
02/24/15
32
1
2
2
For Strip Footing: q nu 6 3 N . B . R w 5 100 N . D f . R w
For Square and
1
2
2
Circular Footing: q nu 3 N . B . R w 3 100 N . D f . R w
D
R w 0.5 1 w
Df
0.5 1
Rw
Dw D f
Df
Rw 1
R/w 1
02/24/15
33
IS:6403-1981 Recommendation:
Cohesionless Soil
Schmertmann (1975):
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
34
q nu cu . N c . s c . d c . ic
Soil Type
Point Resistance
Values (qc)
kgf/cm2
Range of
Undrained
Cohesion
(kgf/cm2)
Normally consolidated
clays
qc < 20
qc/18 to qc/15
qc > 20
qc/26 to qc/22
02/24/15
35
'
2
or approximately taken as B
02/24/15
36
'
2 tan 45 2
tan av
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37
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38
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39
2 C a PP sin
qu qb
1H
B
Ca = caH
ca = adhesion
02/24/15
40
2D f
2 cu H
2
qu qb
1 H 1
B
H
K s tan 1
1H
B
Ks f
q2
,1
q1
q 2 c 2 N c 2 1 2 BN 2
2
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
41
q u q b 1 B
L
2 c a H
1 H 2 1 B
B
L
2D f
H
K s tan 1
1 H qt
B
Special Cases:
1. Top layer is strong sand and bottom layer is saturated soft clay
c1 = 0 2 = 0
2. Top layer is strong sand and bottom layer is weaker sand
c1 = 0 c2 = 0
3. Top layer is strong saturated clay and bottom layer is weaker
saturated clay
1 = 0 2 = 0
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
02/24/15
43
3e
B1 B 3 B
2 B
3eL
3
L1 L
2 B
A 1 L1 B1
2
L max( B1 , L1 )
B A
L
02/24/15
44
A 1
2
L1 L2 B
L max
B1 , L1
B A
L
02/24/15
45
e
Case III: e L 1
and 0 B 0.5
L
A 1 L
2
B1 B 2
L L
B A
L
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
02/24/15
46
Case IV:
eL 1
e
and B 1
L 6
B 6
A L2 B 1 ( B1 B 2 )( L L2 )
2
L L B A
Bearing Capacity Mr. Jjuuko Samuel, MUK
L
02/24/15
47
L A
B
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02/24/15
Bearing Capacity
of Footings on
Slopes Meyerhofs
(1957) Solution
49
qu c N cq 0.5 BN q
Granular Soil
c = 0
qu 0.5 BN q
02/24/15
Cohesive Soil
=0
qu c N cq
Ns
H
c
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51
For
Df
B
02/24/15
52
For
Df
B
02/24/15
53
For
Df
B
0.5
02/24/15
54
For
Df
B
1.0
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55
02/24/15
56
I rc 0.5. e
3.30 0.45 B
L
tan 45
2
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57
cc = c q = c = 1
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