Hafif Dafiqurrohman/1106004235

Universitas Indonesia

Safety Moment

Outline

Pendahuluan
(Specification, Skema Operasi, Backgrounds, Objectives, Batasan
Masalah)

Serial Numbers

: D1176, D1777

Turbine Frame

: T9MPBX3Y4

Driven Machine

: 12.500 kW Generator

Number of Turbine Stages

: 1 Curtis 16 Rateau

Turbine Rating

: 12.500 kW at 3000 rpm

Turbine Rotation (Facing Governor End)

: Clockwise

Inlet Steam Conditions

840 oF.T.T.)

: 59,8 kg/cm2 at 448,9 oC (850 psig. At

Exhaust Pressure

: 4 Hg. Abs.

Extraction Pressure

: 4,22 kg/cm2 (60 psig.)

Induction Pressure

: 4,22 kg/cm2 at 218.3 oC (60 psig. 425 oF)

Woodward Electronic 501

Turbine Speeds

2760 R.P.M. Minimum

3240 R.P.M. Maximum

Skema Operasi
31PT-11

1.Ekstraksi
2.Induksi
3.Fully Condensing

31PT-11

1.Multistage Type
2.Extraction Type

Backgrounds

Objective

Inti
(Dasar Perhitungan, Metodologi Penelitian, Result, Analysis)

Dasar Perhitungan
Reference: ASME PTC 6-2004 [Computational of Result]
(Standards: API 612, API 617, NEMA SM 23, GE Design Modul, IEEE
PSRC WG D6, and O&M Dresser Rand Turbodyne)

Dasar Perhitungan (Contd)

Calculation Flow Diagram

Calculation Flow Diagram

(Contd)

Calculation Flow Diagram

(Contd)

Operational Data
Hari

Jam

Pin
(kg/c
m2)

Selasa
22/07/201
4

Rabu
23/07/201
4

Kamis
24/07/201
4

08.00

61,43

6,23

438,1

17

2,87

94

-20,17

-1,01

Pglan
d1
(kg/c
m2)
1,162

10.00

61,51

6,21

438

16,7

2,91

94

-20,81

-1,02

1,173

2996

7,44

13,74

12.00

61,51

6,12

438,2

16,8

2,87

94

-20,79

-1,01

1,148

3000

7,46

13,75

14.00

61,49

6,09

438,2

16,7

2,9

94

-20,37

-1,02

1,161

2995

7,47

13,77

08.00

61,52

7,12

438,5

19,8

2,88

94

-25,88

-1,02

1,149

2998

9,03

13,74

10.00

61,73

7,07

438,6

19,7

2,89

94

-26,15

-1,09

1,16

2997

9,04

13,78

12.00

61,72

6,97

438,8

19,6

2,89

94

-25,91

-1,02

1,154

2998

9,02

13,77

14.00

61,57

6,99

438,5

19,6

2,89

94

-26,01

-1,19

1,169

2997

9,03

13,8

08.00

61,62

6,07

437,8

16,2

2,89

94

-25,85

-0,94

1,167

2997

7,83

13,62

10.00

61,68

6,07

438

16,3

2,89

94

-26,01

-0,94

1,162

2995

7,85

13,63

12.00

61,58

6,07

438

16,1

2,89

94

-26,03

-0,93

1,153

2995

7,83

13,63

14.00

61,63

6,07

438

16,4

2,91

94

-25,54

-0,93

1,178

2996

7,84

13,63

1st P
(kg/c
m2)

Tin
(C)

Min
(T/H
)

Pind
(kg/c
m2)

Tind
(C)

Mind
(T/H)

Pout
(kg/c
m2)

Speed Load
(rpm) (MW)

V
(kilov
olt)

2995

7,47

13,75

Calculation Result (Actual Data)

Enthalp
Overall
y
TSR
Efficienc
Adiabati
(kg/kJ.s)
y
c (kJ/kg)

No

hin
(kJ/kg)

hisent
(kJ/kg)

hind
(kJ/kg)

hf
(kJ/kg)

hfg
(kJ/kg)

ASR
(kg/kJ.s)

3273,15

2460

2583,4

504,7

2201,9

2486,41

0,93982

0,00029

0,00031

3272,9

2460

2583,4

505,31

2201,49

2486,65

0,93808

0,00029

0,00031

3273,39

2460

2583,4

504,7

2201,9

2486,41

0,93883

0,00029

0,00031

3273,39

2460

2583,4

505,31

2201,49

2486,65

0,93863

0,00029

0,00031

3274,14

2460

2583,4

505,31

2201,49

2486,65

0,93697

0,00029

0,00031

3274,39

2460

2583,4

509,61

2198,64

2488,39

0,93246

0,00029

0,00032

3274,89

2460

2583,4

505,31

2201,49

2486,65

0,93673

0,00029

0,00031

3274,1

2460

2583,4

515,74

2194,56

2490,84

0,9266

0,00029

0,00032

3272,4

2460

2583,4

500,19

2204,98

2484,67

0,93655

0,00029

0,00031

10

3272,9

2460

2583,4

500,19

2204,98

2484,67

0,93658

0,00029

0,00031

11

3272,9

2460

2583,4

499,44

2205,48

2484,37

0,93701

0,00029

0,00031

12

3272,9

2460

2583,4

499,44

2205,48

2484,37

0,93799

0,00029

0,00031

Calculation Result (Actual Data)

Contd
No

Throttle
THR
Flow/Tota
(kJ/kW.s)
l Flow

HR
(kJ/kW.s
)

AE
(kJ/kg)

Entropy
Inlet
(kJ/kg.K)

Entrop
y
Inducti
on
(kJ/kg.
K)

0,46

0,81508

0,86727

786,74

6,67912

6,53576

0,45

0,81488

0,86868

786,24
9

6,67876

6,53576

0,45

0,81509

0,86819

786,98

6,67947

6,53576

0,45

0,81491

0,8682

6,67947

6,53576

0,43

0,81495

0,86978

6,68055

6,53576

0,43

0,8137

0,87264

6,6809

6,53576

0,43

0,81499

0,87004

6,68162

6,53576

0,43

0,81188

0,87619

6,68055

6,53576

0,39

0,81636

0,87167

6,68162

6,53576

10

0,39

0,81639

0,87167

6,67876

6,53576

786,73
9
787,48
9
786,00
4
788,23
9
783,25
6
787,72
8
788,22
8

Entro
py
Exha
ust
(kJ/kg
.K)
7,127
1
7,125
6
7,127
1
7,125
6
7,125
6
7,115
2
7,125
6
7,100
3
7,138
6
7,138
6

Exhaus
Exhau
t
st
Temper
Temp
ature
eratur
(abs)
e (C)
(K)

Sum
Actual
Work

Entropy
Changes

Effectiven
ess

120,25 393,403

786,74

6,08778

0,24727

120,39 393,544

786,249

6,08891

0,24705

120,25 393,403

786,98

6,08813

0,24732

120,39 393,544

786,739

6,08962

0,24715

120,39 393,544

787,489

6,09069

0,24729

121,38 394,533

786,004

6,10147

0,24615

120,39 393,544

788,239

6,09176

0,24744

122,79 395,945

783,256

6,11599

0,2444

119,06 392,207

787,728

6,07873

0,24835

119,06 392,207

788,228

6,07588

0,24856

Calculated Design Data

Throttl Hin
(kJ/kg)
e
Flow/T
otal
Flow

Hisen Hind
t
(kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg
)

0,34596 3300,06 2360

Entrop
HR
AE
y Inlet
(kJ/kW
(kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.
.s)
K)
0,8061 944,61 6,7176
6
3
7

2898,9
Entropy
2
Inducti
on
(kJ/kg.K
)

Hf
(kJ/kg)

Hfg
Enthalpy Overall
(kJ/kg) Adiabati Efficienc
c
y

212,91
Entrop
y 8
Exhaus
t
(kJ/kg.
K)

2380,5
0,0002 0,0002
2355,45
0,99751
0,80416
9
6
6
Exhaust Exhaust
Temper Tempera Delta H
Delta s
Effective
ature
ture
(kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg.K) ness
(C)
(abs) (C)

7,24856 8,06464

51,8301

324,98

TSR
(kg/kJ.
s)

944,613

ASR
(kg/kJ.
s)

5,9016

THR
(kJ/kW.
s)

0,32999

Calculated Power Swing

Average
Load
(MW)
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667
8,10916667

Frequenc
Average
Swing
y
Swing
Frequenc Frequen
Load (%) Nominal
y (Hz)
cy (Hz)
(Hz)
7,8820265
8,2519782
8,0053437
7,8820265
11,355462
11,478779
11,232145
11,355462
3,4426061
3,1959716
3,4426061
3,3192889

49,92
49,93
50,00
49,92
49,97
49,95
49,97
49,95
49,95
49,92
49,92
49,93

49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94
49,94

0,03
0,01
0,06
0,03
0,02
0,01
0,02
0,01
0,01
0,03
0,03
0,01

Averag
Swing
e
Voltage
Voltage
(%)
(kV)
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175
13,7175

0,23692
0,16402
0,23692
0,38272
0,16402
0,45562
0,38272
0,60142
0,71077
0,63787
0,63787
0,63787

Analysis
Result from Calculation

Predictable Cause

Test Accept/No

Throttle Flow actual <

Throttle Flow design
Capability actual <
Capabilty design

M steam total actual < M

steam total design
Operational
M steam total actual < M
steam total design
Operational
P & T inlet actual > P & T
inlet design H inlet
actual > H inlet design

ACCEPT, Operational
Condition, prevent trip
ACCEPT, Operational
Condition, prevent trip

Steam Rate actual >

Steam Rate design
Heat Rate actual > Heat
Rate design

P & T inlet actual > P & T

inlet design H inlet
actual > H inlet design

Exhaust Enthalpy actual >

Exhaust Enthalpy design

Energy dont adsorb

perfectly by turbine
Efficiency cause

ACCEPT, No margin
tolerance, by user
operation (NEMA SM
23, API 612)

Analysis (Contd)
Result from
Calculation
Overall
Efficiency
actual <
Overall
Efficiency
design

Predictable Cause

Test Accept/No

Jurnal (SPECIFYING STEAM AND

RATING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL
PURPOSE STEAM
TURBINES, John S. Aalto):
-Bearing Losses (No Mention, after
overhaul)
-Shaft End Leakages
-Pembatasan Laju Aliran Massa
-Control and TTV Steam Leakages
-Inlet Throttling Losses
- Internal pressure drops to
extraction/induction flanges
- Exhaust leaving and throttling
losses

ACCEPT (NEMA SM
23, API 612, ASME
PTC 6-2004, margin
tolerance -10% from
design)

Analysis (Contd)
Result from
Calculation

Predictable Cause

Test Accept/No

Effectiveness
actual <
Effectiveness
design
Power swing
(power margin,
frequency
nominal,
operational
voltage)

Equal to Exhaust Enthalpy (Energy

dont adsorb perfectly by turbine
Efficiency cause)

ACCEPT, No margin
tolerance, by user
operation (NEMA SM
23, API 612)
NO ACCEPT Power
Margin and
Frequency Nominal
(NEMA SM 23, API
612, API 617, IEEE
PSRC WG D6) ACCEPT
Op. Voltage (IEEE
PSRC WG D6)

Governor (frequency nominal), line

switching, generator disconnection,
paralleling other generator,
addition load, dan losses of load
(power margin + operational
voltage)

Penutup
(Conclusion, Recommendation, References)

Conclusion
1

Semua parameter pengujian ASME PTC 6-2004 telah memenuhi

batas yang ditentukan

2
3

Throttle Flow actual < Throttle Flow design

Capability actual < Capabilty design

4
5
6
7

Steam Rate actual > Steam Rate design

Heat Rate actual > Heat Rate design
Exhaust Enthalpy actual > Exhaust Enthalpy design
Overall Efficiency actual < Overall Efficiency design

8
9

Effectiveness actual < Effectiveness design

Power swing tidak terpenuhi dalam batas power margin +
frequency nominal, terpenuhi pada batas operational voltage

Recommendation
1

Melakukan evaluasi beberapa bagian yang berhubungan

dengan Bearing Losses, Shaft End Leakages, Pembatasan Laju
Aliran Massa, Control and TTV Steam Leakages, Inlet Throttling
Losses, Internal pressure drops to extraction/induction flanges,
dan Exhaust leaving and throttling losses.

Melakukan perawatan secara berkala selama 6 bulan sekali

untuk indikator yang memonitor parameter performansi turbin
uap 31PT-11.
Apabila 6 bulan masih cukup baik, maka bisa dilakukan
perawatan berkala selama 1 tahun.

Melakukan evaluasi pada beberapa bagian yang menjadi faktor

penyebab power swing yaitu pada governor system, line
switching, generator disconnection, paralleling other generator,

References
Moran, Michel. J, Shapiro, Howard N. 2006. Fundamental of Enginering Thermodynamics (Fifth
Edition). England: John Wiley and Sons.
Dresser Rand Turbodyne. 1987. Operation and Maintenance Manual Book. USA: Dresser Rand.
American Society of Mechanical Engineer. 2006. Erratum to ASME PTC 6-2004 Steam Turbine. New
York, USA: ASME.
American Petroleum Institute. 2003. Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas IndustriesSteam
TurbinesSpecial-purpose Applications, API Standard 612. Washington DC, USA: API.
American Petroleum Institute. 2002. Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors
for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services API Standard 617. Washington DC, USA: API.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 2002. NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991
(R1997, R2002) Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service. USA: NEMA.
Aalto, John S. 2008. SPECIFYING STEAM AND RATING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE STEAM
TURBINES. Massachusetts, USA: General Electric Company.
International Electrical and Eletronic Engineering. 2005. Power Swing and Out-of-Step
Considerations on Transmission Lines. USA: IEEE
Khan, Umar Naseem, Yan, Lu. 2006. Power Swing Phenomena and its Detection and Prevention.
Wroclaw: Wroclaw University of Technology