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Nature and
Purposes
Lesson 1
Concepts, Nature and Purposes of Curriculum
Purita P. Bilbao, Ed.D.
Introduction
In its narrow sense, curriculum is viewed
merely as a listing of subject to be taught
in school.
In a broader sense, it refers to the total
learning experiences of individuals not
only in schools but in society as well.
What is curriculum?
What is its purpose?
What is its nature?
3R of basic education
Reading
Writing
Arithmetic
Arthur Bestor as an essentialist,
believe that the mission of the school
should be intellectual training,
curriculum should focus on the
fundamental intellectual disciplines of
grammar, literature and writing
John Deweys
He believed that reflective thinking is a
means that unifies curricular elements.
Thought is not derived from action
but tested by application.
Caswell and Campbell
all experiences children have under the
guidance of teachers.
Smith, Stanley and Shores
curriculum as a sequence of potential
experiences set up in the schools for the
purpose of disciplining children and
youth in group ways of thinking and
classroom which
enacted by the
learned by the
Points of View
Development
on
Curriculum
1) Recommended
curriculumproposed
scholars and professional organizations.
by
PHILOSOPHICAL
CURRICULUM
FOUNDATIONS
of
Perennialism
Essentialis
m
Progressivism
Reconstruction
Aim of
Education
Educate rational
person, cultivate the
intellect
To promote the
intellectual growth
of the individual
and educate
competent person.
Promote
democratic and
social living.
Improve and
reconstrcut society.
Education for a
change,
Role of
Education
Teacher, sole
authority in subject
area of field of
specialization.
Knowledge leads to
growth and
development of
lifelong learners
who actively learn
by doing.
Focus in
the
curriculum
Classical subjects,
literary analysis an d
curriculum is constant.
Essential skills of
3rs and essential
subjects.
Subjects are
interdisciplinary,
integrative and
interactive. It
focused on
students interest,
human problems
and affairs.
Focus on present
and future trends
and issues of
national and
international
interest.
Curriculum
trends
Excellence in
education, back to
basics and cultural
literacy.
School reforms,
relevant and
contextualized
curriculum,
humanistic
education.
Equality of
educational
opportunities in
education, access
to global education.
Curriculum Theorists
Franklin Bobbit (1976-1956)
A science that emphasizes on students need. It
prepares students for adult life
Objectives with corresponding activities should
be grouped and sequences.
Psychological Foundations of
Education
1. Behaviourist Psychology
Edward Thorndike
Robert Gagnes hierarchal of learning or set of
behavior
Intellectual skills or knowing how
Information or knowing what
Cognitive strategies or learning skills
Motor skills
Attitudes, feelings, and emotions learned through experiences
Cognitive Psychology
Focus their intention on how
individuals process information and
how they monitor and manage
thinking.
Learning constitutes a logical method
for organizing and interpreting
learning
Teacher uses a lot of problem
thinking skills in teaching and
learning.
Humanistic psychology
how learners can develop their
human potentia
Psychology where learning can be
explained in terms wholeness of the
problem